The document discusses the role of information technology (IT) in supporting social reminiscence for active aging. It presents the goals and research questions of understanding how IT can enhance social interactions and enable a happier, more active aging. The contributions include an evaluation framework for IT and active aging, exploratory IT to support intergenerational social interaction, and participatory action research on IT and community engagement. Lessons learned include the importance of social support and applications, using ICT tools and participatory activities to engage communities, and developing trust relationships.

1. “…And suddenly, the memory revealed itself”
The
role
of
IT
in
suppor/ng
social
reminiscence
Cristhian
Parra
Ph.D.
Disserta,on
in
Informa,on
and
Communica,on
Technologies
University
of
Trento,
Italy
-­‐
Universidad
Católica
“Ntra.
Señora
de
la
Asunción”,
Paraguay
11th
April,
2014

2. IT-supported
Social Reminiscence

3. Intergenerational
Social Interactions

4. Active Ageing

5. Goals
To
understand,
design
and
evaluate
informa,on
technologies
that
enable
a
more
happy
and
ac/ve
ageing
by
enhancing
opportuni,es
for
social
interac,ons
To
design
and
evaluate
IT-­‐supported
social
reminiscence
as
the
means
for
enabling
ac/ve
ageing
@Bryancalabro
Wikimedia
Commons

6. Problem Domains & Research Questions
Can,
and
if
so
how,
IT
enable
a
more
happy
and
ac,ve
ageing?
Ac,ve
Ageing
(AA)
Social
Determinants
of
AA
Social
Reminiscence
for
AA
Can,
and
if
so
how,
IT
enhance
social
interac,ons
as
we
age?
Can,
and
if
so
how,
IT-­‐
supported
social
reminiscence
s,mulate
face-­‐to-­‐face
(intergenera,onal)
social
interac,ons?

7. Problem Domains & Contributions
• Evalua,on
Framework
of
IT
for
AA
• Exploratory
IT
for
(intergenera,onal)
social
interac,on
• Par/cipatory
Ac/on
Research
on
IT
and
community
engagement
• (Par,cipatory
Design)
of
IT
for
intergenera,onal
engagement
through
social
reminiscence
• Extended
theory
of
IT-­‐supported
social
reminiscence
• Propose
new
design
spaces
for
intergenera,onal
engagement
Ac,ve
Ageing
(AA)
Social
Determinants
of
AA
Social
Reminiscence
for
AA

8. Problem Domains & Contributions
• Evalua,on
Framework
of
IT
for
AA
Ac,ve
Ageing
(AA)

9. Active Ageing

10. Opportunities
Meet the Elderly Services Center
“Contrada Larga” of the Social
Cooperative “Kaleidoscopio”

11. Active Ageing
Defini,on
by
the
WHO
Ac've
Ageing
Policy
Framework,
2002.
Personal
Health
Services
Behavioural
Economical
Environmental
Social
Health
Par,cipa,on
Security
Lifestyle
(e.g.,
physical
ac,vi,es,
alcohol
consump,on)
Social
Support
in
the
family
and
the
extended
community

12. Problem Domain of AA
Personal
Health
Services
Behavioural
Economical
Environmental
Social
Health
Par,cipa,on
Security

13. Solution Domain of Active Ageing
Aler,ng
Exergames
Monitoring
Training
Assis,ve
Social
Serious
games
Communica,on
Type
of
IT
applica/ons
(From
an
IT
perspec/ve)
PreventionCare Compensation Enhancement
Objec/ves
of
IT
for
AA

14. Aler,ng
Exergames
Monitoring
Training
Assis,ve
Social
Serious
games
Communica,on
Type
of
IT
applica/ons
PreventionCare Compensation Enhancement
Objec/ves
of
IT
for
AA
Solution Domain of Active Ageing
(From
an
IT
perspec/ve)

15. IT for Active Ageing: Lessons Learned
Enhancement
Social
Applica,ons
Social
Determinant
of
AA
Participation
[1]
Journal
Survey
submiUed
to
Founda'ons
and
Trends
in
Human
Computer
Interac'on,
2014.
• The
key
importance
of
social
support
for
happiness
• IT
serves
not
only
to
mi/gate
the
down
side
of
ageing,
but
also
to
enhance
life
with
new
opportuni,es
• Emergence
of
enhancement
(par,cularly
social)
applica/ons
among
older
adults

16. Problem Domains & Contributions
• Evalua,on
Framework
of
IT
for
AA
Ac,ve
Ageing
(AA)
Social
Determinants
of
AA
• Exploratory
IT
for
(intergenera,onal)
social
interac,on
• Par/cipatory
Ac/on
Research
on
IT
and
community
engagement

17. Technical Exploration: What’s Up
What’s Up Display
One
Way
Communica,on
What’s Up Life Share

18. • 4
Interfaces
– No
buUons
– Request
– Feedback
– Complete
• Groups
(28)
– 16
Young-­‐Old
(65-­‐74)
– 6
Middle-­‐Old
(75-­‐84)
– 6
Old-­‐Old
(85+)
• Think
Aloud
Study
Technical Exploration: What’s Up

19. Social Exploration: Workshops

20. Social Exploration: Workshops
A
Nursing
Home
(RSA
Brentonico).
They
loved
Google
Maps
to
find
their
old
memories
places…
and
mostly,
our
company.
An
Elderly
Services
Center
(CSA
Kaleidoscopio).
They
loved
blogging,
social
networking…
and
mostly,
learning.

21. Participatory Action
Research
(Par/cipatory)
Ac/ve
involvement
of
the
people
whose
lives
are
affected
by
the
issue
under
study.
This
includes
also
the
researchers
themselves…

22. Participatory Action
Research
…for
the
purpose
of
educa,on
and
taking
(Ac/on)
or
affec/ng
social
change,
while
also
extending
our
knowledge
on
a
subject
(Research)
[Lawrence,
2005;
Potvin
2010]

23. The Laboratory
of Technologies

24. The Laboratory
of Technologies

25. The Laboratory
of Technologies
Methods:
• Participant Observations
• Grounded Theory inspired analysis

26. Community Engagement
(Lab
1:
The
Blog)
hYp://test.lifepar/cipa/on.org/kaleidoscopio/

27. Community Engagement
(Lab
3:
The
Fearless
Cards)
www.fearlesscards.org

28. Community Engagement

29. Community
Engagement

30. IT for Socializing: Lessons Learned
• The
importance
of
company
(face-­‐to-­‐face
socializa/on)
• Sharing
past
life
stories
as
a
prac/ce
of
interest
• ICT
tools
and
PAR
ac,vi,es
as
means
for
community
engagement
• The
development
of
a
trust
rela4onship
[2]
Ar/cle
about
What’s
Up
in
Interna'onal
Reports
on
Socio-­‐Informa'cs
(IRSI).
Special
Issue
on
Designing
for
Inter/Genera'onal
Communi'es,
2012.
[3]
Conference
Paper
about
the
Laboratory
in
Community
Informa'cs
Research
Network
Conference,
2012.

31. Problem Domains & Contributions
• Evalua,on
Framework
of
IT
for
AA
Ac,ve
Ageing
(AA)
Social
Determinants
of
AA
Social
Reminiscence
for
AA
• Exploratory
IT
for
(intergenera,onal)
social
interac,on
• Par,cipatory
Ac,on
Research
on
IT
and
community
engagement
• (Par,cipatory
Design)
of
IT
for
intergenera,onal
engagement
through
social
reminiscence
• Extended
theory
of
IT-­‐supported
social
reminiscence
and
design
space
for
intergenera,onal
engagement

32. @garlandcannon
Flickr
“...an
exquisite
pleasure
had
invaded
my
senses,
something
isolated,
detached,
with
no
sugges'on
of
its
origin…
And
suddenly
the
memory
revealed
itself”
Marcel
Proust
.
Reminiscence

33. Why is it good to reminisce?
increase
life
sa,sfac,on
reduce
depression
(Haight
2007)
Reminiscence
Therapy
(WaU
2000)
To
a
lesser
extent,
it
has
also
been
seen
to
improve
social
interac/ons

34. That’s not for me. I am young!
…not
so
fast
How
much
and
why
we
reminisce
it
is
not
really
different
according
to
age…
except
for
life
review
(Cohen
1998)
New
func,on
for
social
media:
cura,ng
our
historical
self-­‐image
and
reminiscence
(Zao
2013,
Best
of
CHI)

35. IT for Social Reminiscence: Related Work
S,mula,on
Storytelling
Preserva,on
Technology
Heirlooms
[Banks,
2012],
Rememble.com,
SenseCam
[Hodges,
2011]
Pensieve
[Cosley,
2009],
CIRCA
[Gowans,
2004],
SoundScapeRadio
[Blythe,
2010]
Digital
Storytelling
[Hartley,
2009],
Project
Greenwich
[Thiry,
2013]

36. Participatory
Design

37. Participatory
Design
Methods:
• Participant Observations
• Grounded Theory inspired analysis

38. Participatory Design
Available
at:
hUps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0wF2AGrPnE

39. Getting back your attention ;-)

40. Reminiscens: IT-supported Social
Reminiscence
For
intergenera,onal
face-­‐to-­‐face
social
interac,on

41. Reminiscens
S/mula/on
with
contextual
mul/media

42. Reminiscens
S/mula/on
with
contextual
mul/media

43. S/mula/on
with
contextual
ques/ons
and
naviga/on/storytelling
guided
by
a
/meline
Reminiscens

44. Simple
preserva/on
and
storytelling

45. Life Questions
Module
ETL Controller
RKB: reminiscens
knowledge base
Personal Contexts
Personal Contexts
Module
Knowledge Base
Controller
Context Creation
Module
Context Algorithms
RKB ETL modules
Flickr Module
DBPedia
Module
Catinabib
Module
Trentino
OpenData Module
Events, People,
Pictures
PeoplePhotos Postcards
Signature Generator
Duplicates manager
ETL Launcher
Others
Events, People,
Pictures
ETL Crawler
Reminiscens
Platform

46. Reminiscens
Platform
Personal C
RKB ETL modules
Flickr Module
DBPedia
Module
Catinabib
Module
Trentino
OpenData Module
Events, People,
Pictures
PeoplePhotos Postcards
Others
Events, People,
Pictures

47. ETL Controller
RKB: reminiscens
knowledge base
Knowledge Base
Controller
Context Creation
Module
Context Algorithms
RKB ETL modules
Flickr Module
DBPedia
Module
Catinabib
Module
Trentino
OpenData Module
Signature Generator
Duplicates manager
ETL Launcher
Others
ETL Crawler
Reminiscens
Platform

48. Life Questions
Module
Personal Contexts
Personal Contexts
Module
Context Creation
Module
Context Algorithms
dule
Others
Reminiscens
Platform

49. Longitudinal
Study
Narrators
Listeners
IT

50. Longitudinal
Study

51. Longitudinal Study
8
weekly
sessions
with
diff.
tool
versions
Par/cipants:
intergenera,onal
groups
of
older
adults
narrators
and
younger
listeners
and
observers
Data:
Par,cipant
Observa,ons
+
Ques,onnaires
+
Applica,on
Logs
face-­‐to-­‐face
interac,on

52. Web
version
home
usage
during
weeks
and
2
months
aoer
study
Par/cipant
Diaries
(mood
and
reflec,ons)
+
Applica/on
Logs
Longitudinal Study
home
usage

53. In
the
end
of
the
study,
each
narrator
received
a
physical
book
of
his/her
stories,
co-­‐authored
also
by
the
listener
Interviews
+
Post
Study
Ques/onnaires
Longitudinal Study
final
gio

54. Complete Version

55. Complete
Questions-
Only
Personal
Context-
Only

56. Long Study: Analysis
Qualitative:
• Grounded Theory inspired analysis (to construct a theory
grounded in data without previous assumptions)
Quantitive:
• ANOVA for the difference if stimulation by versions of
Reminiscens during sessions (with respect to the number of
stories being shared)

57. Longitudinal
Study
17
Narrators
Age:
[65,
90]
~
mean
=
74
15
women,
2
men
16
Listeners
Age:
[18,
40]
~
mean
=
28
10
women
6
men
9
stable
groups
6
one-­‐session
groups
74
sessions
66
sessions
in
the
stable-­‐track
Mean
dura,on
=
1h03m
3
Families

58. Patterns of Collaboration
Scribe
Trainer
Pure
Listener
Let-­‐do
Trainer

59. Patterns of Preparation
Diaries,
ques/ons
and
web
version

60. Patterns of Storytelling
Travels-­‐Driven
Milestones-­‐Driven
Anecdote-­‐Driven

61. Enjoyment

62. Quantitative Analysis: Enjoyment
Mood
scale
8
–
40.
Always
above
30.

63. Quantitative Analysis
No
differences
between
app
versions.
S,mula,on
also
from
collabora/on,
storytelling
and
the
final
book
App
version
Mean
#
of
stories
created
per
session
Difference
of
mean
values
for
each
pair
of
app
versions

64. Quantitative Analysis
Evolu,on
of
app
usage
over
weeks
of
the
study
Note:
a
bug
in
our
system
prevent
us
from
logging
edi,ons
of
stories
due
to
addi,on
of
pictures
and
detailed
context
views
of
videos

65. Further observations: Ludic Engagement
Ques/ons
as
the
means
for
self-­‐reflec/on
and
playing,
mainly
from
home
“I
read
the
ques'ons
and
I
have
felt
many
emo'ons
to
which
I
responded
with
pleasure,
remembering
the
days
of
my
childhood
and
youth”
(Narrator
3
Diary,
Week,
26/10/2013)
“(narrator’s
name)
was
highly
interested
in
the
ques'ons
and
insisted
to
answer
them
almost
as
if
we
were
in
a
race”
(Listener
13
Diary,
Week
2,
25/10/2013)

66. Further observations: Context
• Timeline
s,mulated
a
sequen/al
storytelling
• Context
(ques,ons+mul,media)
s,mulated
a
more
diverse
storytelling
• Contextual
s,mula,on
many
,mes
by
searching
freely
the
web
outside
reminiscens

67. Long Study: Breakdowns
Textual
Input
=
Interrup,on
of
storytelling

68. Long Study: Breakdowns
“I
was
a
bit
disappointed
because
(aer
having
remembered
and
shared
so
many
memories
in
the
previous
mee'ngs)
I
verified
that
what
was
wri?en
was
li?le
or
nothing
and
that
among
the
li]le
that
was
wrote,
it
lacked
some
parts.
Moreover,
there
appears
to
be
a
bit
of
chaos
in
the
logical
order
of
events”
(Narrator
8
Diary,
Week
6,
28/11/2013)
When
technology
fail:
frustra/on
and
poten/ally
transference
of
responsibility
to
listeners

69. Long Study: Self-Reflections
“When
you
are
young
you
think
that
life
is
fun
and
beau'ful
just
up
to
a
certain
age,
but
I
think
it’s
beau4ful
at
any
age
and
as
we
age
we
experience
the
joys
and
sorrows
more
‘deeply’
”
(Narrator
1
Diary,
Week,
07/09/2013)

70. Long Study: Volunteering
“It
is
oen
difficult
to
find
young
people
to
help,
but
with
this
tool
it
makes
it
easier
[because]
it
brings
together
young
people
and
older
adults
in
a
natural
and
relaxed
manner”
(CSA
Coordinators
Interviews,
20/12/2013)

71. Design Spaces for Social Reminiscence
Conversa,on
Self-­‐Reflec,on
Collabora,on
S,mula,on
Storytelling
Prepara,on
Preserva,on
Cura,on
Enhancement
of
pictures
Inser'on
of
public
content
Search
Sharing
Shared
'melines
S4mula4on
Free
contextual
explora'on
Ludic
engagement
Storytelling
&
Self-­‐Reflec4on
Audio-­‐recording
Speech-­‐to-­‐text
Digital
diaries
Digital
diaries

72. Reminiscens Books

73. IT for Reminiscence: Lessons Learned
• IT
for
reminiscence
as
the
“/ckets
to
talk”,
the
excuse
that
s,mulates
engagement.
• Physical/digital
IT
for
preserva,on
and
storytelling
of
life
stories
as
the
driver
of
the
socializa/on
• Collabora,on
as
the
most
enjoyable
interac/on
• Ques,ons
for
ludic
engagement
• Mul,media
for
story
diversity
• IT
for
mo,va,ng
volunteering
[3]
Ar/cle
about
the
Par,cipatory
Design
of
Reminiscens
presented
in
CHITALY
2013.
[4]
Ar/cle
about
the
Par,cipatory
Design
and
cultural
assymetries
submiYed
to
PDC
2014.
[5]
In
prepara,on,
Longitudinal
study
results
and
analysis
for
NordiCHI
2014.

74. Wrapping up

75. Evaluation Framework of IT for AA
Aler,ng
Exergames
Monitoring
Training
Assis,ve
Social
Serious
games
Communica,on
PreventionCare Compensation Enhancement
Personal
Health
Services
Behavioural
Economical
Environmental
Social
Health
Par,cipa,on
Security
1

76. IT for Socializing Tools
What’s Up Display
One
Way
Communica,on
What’s Up Life Share
2

77. PAR and IT for Community Engagement
3

78. IT-supported Social Reminiscence
For
intergenera,onal
face-­‐to-­‐face
social
interac,on
4

79. 4
Which was quite successful J

80. Some last
reflections
Heterogeneity of “the elderly”
Create opportunities
Put possibilities at the center…
…and also people
In the end, everything
makes sense J

81. Thanks! Grazie! Gracias! Aguije!

82. Some additional slides
just
in
case
J

83. Quantitative Analysis
Variables
extracted
from
the
logs

84. Quantitative Analysis
Number
of
sessions
per
version
of
reminiscens

85. Reminiscens (short demo)
Available
at:
hUps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hze1GoGu4Xg

86. Reminiscens

87. Low
Fidelity
Prototype:
S,mula,on
with
contextual
ques,ons

88. Low
Fidelity
Prototype:
S,mula,on
with
contextual
ques,ons

89. Contextual
Mul/media
Low
Fidelity
Prototype:
Collabora,on,
voice
recording
and
direct
manipula,on

90. • Evalua,on
Framework
of
IT
for
AA
• IT
for
(intergenera,onal)
social
interac,on
• Par,cipatory
Ac,on
Research
on
IT
and
community
engagement
How
does
IT
enhances
social
interac/ons
as
we
age?
Problem Domains & Contributions

91. Ac,ve
Ageing
(AA)
Social
Determinants
of
AA
Social
Reminiscence
for
AA
• Evalua,on
Framework
of
IT
for
AA
• (Par,cipatory
Design)
of
IT
for
intergenera,onal
engagement
through
social
reminiscence
Can
IT-­‐supported
social
reminiscence
s/mulate
face-­‐to-­‐face
intergenera/onal
social
interac/ons?.
Problem Domains & Contributions
• IT
for
(intergenera,onal)
social
interac,on
• Par,cipatory
Ac,on
Research
on
IT
and
community
engagement

92. Ac,ve
Ageing
(AA)
Social
Determinants
of
AA
Social
Reminiscence
for
AA
• Evalua,on
Framework
of
IT
for
AA
• IT
for
face-­‐to-­‐face
intergenera,onal
social
interac,on
Problem Domains & Contributions
• IT
for
(intergenera,onal)
social
interac,on
• Par,cipatory
Ac,on
Research
on
IT
and
community
engagement
How
does
IT
enables
a
more
ac/ve
ageing?

93. Does
web-­‐collected
contextual
content
s,mulates
reminiscence?
Does
promp/ng
contextual
ques/ons
facilitates
storytelling?
Does
collabora/on
in
entering
stories
increases
social
interac,on?
Field Study

94. IT for Active Ageing
100%
}
Prevention Care
Compensation Enhancement
100%

95. Methodology
Explora,on
Phase
Key
Research
Ac/vity:
• Literature
review
• Exploratory
works
• Exploratory
workshops
• The
Laboratory
of
technologies
Methods:
• Par,cipant
observa,ons
• Grounded
theory
inspired
qualita,ve
analysis
Design
Phase
Key
Research
Ac/vity:
• Design
and
engineering
• Par,cipatory
design
workshops
Methods:
• Storytelling
• Low
fidelity
prototypes
• Co-­‐design
• Par,cipant
observa,ons
• Grounded
theory
inspired
qualita,ve
analysis
Evalua,on
Phase
Key
Research
Ac/vity:
• Field
Studies
Methods:
• Par,cipant
observa,ons
• Ques,onnaires
and
Interviews
• Diaries
and
Automa,c
logging
• Quan,ta,ve
analysis
• Grounded
theory
inspired
qualita,ve
analysis
Par,cipatory
Ac,on
Research

96. Problem Domains
Reminiscence
Socializa/on
Ac/ve
Ageing
Conceptual
Framework
of
IT
for
AA
+
Exploratory
Workshops
Explora/ons:
What’s
Up
+
EngAge
+
Laboratory
of
Technologies
Core:
PD
Workshops
+
Reminiscens

97. Ageing
Time
Mark
S,bich.
Why
We
Age.
Theories
and
Effects
of
Aging.
2009.
A.
Stone
et.
al.
A
snapshot
of
the
age
distribu,on
of
psycho-­‐logical
well-­‐being
in
the
united
states.
2010.
“Learning
Curves”
from
R.
A.
Dewey.
Psychology:
an
introduc,on.
2007.

98. Active Ageing
Time