The slide was prepared for Linux/Unix class lecture at Department of Computer Engineering, Chulalongkorn University in Jan 2014.

1. Aruj Thirawat
Throughwave Thailand
Server Technologies and Enterprise
Data Center Trends 2014
1

2. WHY YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT
THIS?

3. ALL ABOUT SERVERS

4. Server
1U
• Rack Server
2U
• Tower Server
Tower/4U
4

5. Rack
5

6. Mainboard / Motherboard
6

7. CPU
• Single CPU
– High GHz
– Less Cores
– Less Cache
• Dual CPUs
– Average GHz
– Many Cores
– Average Cache
• Multiple CPUs
– Less GHz
– Many Cores
– More Cache
7

8. CPU (Intel E3-1280v3)
8

9. CPU (Intel E3-1280v3)
9

10. CPU (Intel E5-2690 v2)
10

11. CPU (Intel E5-2690 v2)
11

12. CPU (Intel E7-8870)
12

13. CPU (Intel E7-8870)
13

14. CPU (Intel Atom)
14

15. CPU (Intel Atom SoC)
15

16. RAM
• SODIMM
– 1-8GB
• UDIMM
– 1-8GB (Non ECC)
– 1-4GB (ECC)
• RDIMM
– 8-16GB (ECC)
• LRDIMM
– 32-64GB (ECC)
16

17. Mainboard / Motherboard (Again)
17

18. Mainboard / Motherboard (Again)
18

19. Hard Drives
• SATA vs SAS
• 3.5” vs 2.5”
19

20. SATA Hard Drives
• RPM
– 5,400 RPM
– 7,200 RPM
• Speed
– 1.5Gbps
– 3Gbps (SATA2)
– 6Gbps (SATA3)
20

21. SATA Hard Drives
21

22. SAS Hard Drives
• RPM
– 7,200 RPM (Nearline SAS)
– 10,000 RPM
– 15,000 RPM
• Speed
– 3Gbps
– 6Gbps (SAS2)
– 12Gbps (SAS3)
22

23. SAS Hard Drives
23

24. 2.5” Hard Drives
• SATA Drives (7,200 RPM)
–
–
–
–
250GB
500GB
750GB
1,000GB
• SAS Drives (10,000 RPM)
–
–
–
–
–
–
147GB (10,000/15,000RPM)
300GB (10,000/15,000RPM)
450GB
600GB
900GB
1,200GB
24

25. 3.5” Hard Drives
• SATA Drives/Nearline SAS Drives (7,200 RPM)
–
–
–
–
1TB
2TB
3TB
4TB
• SAS Drives (15,000 RPM)
–
–
–
–
300GB
450GB
600GB
900GB
25

26. Disk on Module (Option)
26

27. Solid State Drives
• 2.5” Solid State Drives
–
–
–
–
–
–
40GB
80GB
120GB
240GB
480GB
960GB
27

28. Solid State Drives
28

29. RAID Controllers (Option)
29

30. RAID Controllers (Option)
30

31. RAID Controllers (Option)
31

32. SAS/SATA Controller (Option)
32

33. PCI-E SSD (Option)
33

34. Network Interface (Option)
• Ethernet: 1/10/40Gbps (100Gbps is coming)
– UTP/SFP, UTP/SFP+/XFP, QSFP+
• Infiniband: 20/40/56Gbps
34

35. Host Bus Adapter (Option)
• 8/16Gbps Fibre Channel Interface HBA
35

36. GPU/MIC (Option)
36

37. GPU/MIC (Option)
1x Super Workstation =
2x CPU
+ 1x NVIDIA Quadro
+ 1 or more NVIDIA TESLA
37

38. GPU/MIC (Option)
38

39. GPU/MIC (Option)
39

40. IPMI (Option)
40

41. Chassis
41

42. Power Supply
42

43. Internal UPS (Option)
43

44. Server
44

45. OTHER TYPES OF SERVER

46. Server Form Factors
46

47. Blade Servers
47

48. Blade Servers (Enclosure Front)
48

49. Blade Servers (Processor Blade)
49

50. Blade Servers (Enclosure Back)
50

51. Blade Servers (Modules)
51

52. Micro Server
52

53. Micro Server
53

54. Micro Server
54

55. STORAGE

56. WHAT IS STORAGE?

57. Storage Technology
• Boost up Performance for all applications –
Web, Database, Logs, etc. by hardware RAID , the
number of hard drives and Caching Technology
• High Capacity to keep all data –
Backup, Log, Database, Multimedia, Flow
Collection, etc. with high reliability by RAID, Spare
Drives and Backup Features
57

58. Storage – Choosing Your Disks
SATA – For
Capacity
SAS – For
Higher Speed
Solid State
Disk – For
Ultra High
Speed!!
58

59. Storage – Choose Configuration
• SAN or NAS or Storage Server or JBOD
• Controller
– Single/Redundant
• Power Supply
– Single/Redundant
• Host Interface
–
–
–
–
8/16Gbps Fibre Channel
1/10GbE iSCSI
6/12Gbps SAS
20/40/56Gbps Infiniband
• Cache Size
• No. of Drives
59

60. SAN Storage vs NAS Storage
60

61. High Availability Hardware Design
•
Hardware redundancy
• Redundant, hot-swappable controllers, PSUs and fans eliminate
single point of failure
• Read/Write on RAID building
• No need to wait until your RAID building is finished, start your
service at the time you finish storage configuration!
•
CacheSafe technology
• During a power outage, BBU provides power to write cache data
into flash for permanent retention
•
LEDs and audible alarms
• Easy component status monitoring
Redundant Power Supplies & Fans
Redundant
Controllers
61

62. Servers with Direct Attach Storage
(DAS)
62

63. Servers with Storage Area Network
(SAN)
63

64. Multipath
64

65. Thin Provisioning
65

66. Snapshot
66

67. Volume Copy
67

68. Remote Replication
68

69. JBOD – Just a Bunch of Disks
(Option)
• Storage box with no controllers. Using JBOD by
connecting it to the existing storage controller.
69

70. Storage Server
70

71. OPERATING SYSTEMS

72. Basic Operating Systems
• MS Windows Server
• Linux
• Unix
72

73. Build Your Hardware Appliance
• Choose your hardware
– OEM from others
– Design your own hardware
• Install hardened OS
– Hardened Linux
– Hardened Unix
– Windows OEM
• Install software for specfic purposes
–
–
–
–
–
Storage (FreeNAS, Nexenta, Cloudian)
Load Balancer / Cache (HA Proxy, Varnish)
Web Proxy (Squid)
Log (Syslog, Splunk)
Etc… (VoIP, Network Monitoring, Server
Management, Firewall, IPS, Database, …)
73

74. Build Your Hardware Appliance
• Install hardened OS
– Hardened Linux
– Hardened Unix
– Windows OEM
74

75. Build Your Hardware Appliance
• Install software for specfic purposes
–
–
–
–
–
Storage (FreeNAS, Nexenta, Cloudian)
Load Balancer / Cache (HA Proxy, Varnish)
Web Proxy (Squid)
Log (Syslog, Splunk)
Etc… (VoIP, Network Monitoring, Server
Management, Firewall, IPS, Database, …)
75

76. Build Your Hardware Appliance
76

77. Build Your Hardware Appliance
77

78. SERVER DESIGN EXAMPLES

79. Basic Windows Server
• 1x 1U Server Chassis
• 1x Intel Xeon E5-2620
(2GHz, 6Cores/12Threads)
• 8GB DDR3 ECC RDIMM
• 2x 500GB 7.2K RPM SATA (RAID1
onboard)
• 2x 1GbE Network
• 2x Redundant Power Supplies
• Windows Server 2012 with 5
CALs
79

80. Storage Server
• 1x 1U Server Chassis
• 1x Intel Xeon E5-2620
(2GHz, 6Cores/12Threads)
• 8GB DDR3 ECC RDIMM
• 1x Hardware RAID Controller
(RAID 0,1,5,6,10,50,60) with
1GB Cache
• 2x 500GB 7.2K RPM SATA
(RAID1 for OS)
• 10x 4000GB 7.2K RPM
Nearline SAS (RAID6 for Data)
• 4x 1GbE Network
• 2x Redundant Power Supplies
• FreeNAS
80

81. VMware Solution
• 3x Hypervisor Servers. Each contains:
–
–
–
–
–
–
2x Intel E5-2690 v2 (3GHz, 10Cores/20Threads)
384GB DDR3 ECC RDIMM
1x 8GB USB for Hypervisor
2x 1GbE Network Interface
1x 2-ports 8Gbps Fibre Channel HBA
VMware vSphere
• 1x SAN Storage
–
–
–
–
2x Controllers
32GB Cache
8x 8Gbps Fibre Channel Interfaces
96x 600GB 15,000RPM SAS Drives
81

82. Render Farm
• 1x MicroServer. 8 servers
inside. Each contains:
– 2x Intel E5-2690 v2
(3GHz, 10Cores/20Threads)
– 128GB DDR3 ECC RDIMM
– 1x 300GB 15,000RPM SAS
– 2x 1GbE Network Interface
– Windows 7
• 4x Redundant Power
Supplies
82

83. HYPERVISORS / VIRTUALIZATION

84. Type 1 vs Type 2 Hypervisors
84

85. Hypervisor Management
85

86. Server Virtualization
86

87. Live Migration/High Availability/Dynamic
Resource Scheduling
87

88. Cloud Controller
Cloud Controller
Hypervisor
Servers
SAN Storages
88

89. Other Features
•
•
•
•
Server Templates
Load Balancing
Billing
Etc…
89

90. Software Defined …
• Software Defined Server
• Software Defined Storage
• Software Defined Networking
• Sofware Defined Security
90

91. Software Defined Data Center
91

92. Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
• Virtual Desktop Infrastructure = VDI
• Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) is the practice of
hosting a desktop operating system within a virtual
machine (VM) running on a hosted, centralized or
remote server.
– From Wikipedia
• VDI = Desktop Virtualization!
92

93. Example 1 - Citrix XenDesktop
93

94. Example 2 - VMware View
94

95. Application Virtualization
• Virtual application delivery lets IT manage a single instance of each
application in an application hub in the datacenter. Applications are then
delivered via application streaming to Windows PCs for offline use or run
on high-powered servers in the datacenter for online use on any device or
operating system.
– From Citrix XenApp
95

96. Q&A