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Msl3 d short
- 1. Mars in 3D
- 2. Vent in the Cerberus Region
- 4. Crater in Tantalus Fossae
- 5. Sand Dunes of Nili Patera An area of little change
- 6. Apollinaris Sulci Yardangs
- 9. "Berries" on the Ground
- 10. Opportunity's View, Sol 958
- 11. Choosing a Landing Site
- 12. Mawrth Vallis A possible landing site
- 13. Eberswalde Delta Another possible site
- 14. MSL backshell & Parachute
- 15. Curiosity at Bradbury Landing Site
- 18. Glenelg
- 19. More… Mars 3D images http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars3d/ Curiosity site http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/ “Be a Martian” app for iOS and Android “Spacecraft 3D” for iOS (requires v 5.1 or latter)
Editor's Notes
- The Cerberus Fossae are a group of troughs in the Cerberus region of Mars that run roughly parallel to one another. They formed due to extension of the crust in the region. Some of the troughs, such as the one here, were at one time volcanic vents. Lava flow features can be seen emanating from this vent.
- This chain of collapse pits located on the southeast flank of Alba Patera, a volcanic complex, probably formed when empty underground lava tubes collapsed.
- Tantalus Fossae are a set of faults on the eastern flank of Alba Mons, one of the great Tharsis Montes volcanoes. Here a fault cuts into this crater, indicating that the fault formed after the crater. Material has filled in the crater floor and obscured any trace of the faults running across the crater floor, likely after the fault was active.
- Images taken > 1 year apart!The most exciting new aspect of the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Extended Mission is the opportunity to turn the spacecraft and point the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) at specific features of interest. Opportunities to point the spacecraft come about ten times a week. Throughout the Primary Mission (March 1999 - January 2001), nearly all MGS operations were conducted with the spacecraft pointing "nadir"—that is, straight down. A search for the missing Mars Polar Lander in late 1999 and early 2000 demonstrated that pointing the spacecraft could allow opportunities for MOC to see things that simply had not entered its field of view during typical nadir-looking operations, and to target areas previously seen in a nadir view so that stereo ("3-D") pictures could be derived.One of the very first places photographed by the MOC at the start of the Mapping Mission in March 1999 was a field of dunes located in NiliPatera, a volcanic depression in central Syrtis Major. A portion of this dune field was shown in a media release on March 11, 1999, "Sand Dunes of NiliPatera, Syrtis Major." Subsequently, the image was archived with the NASA Planetary Data System, as shown in the Malin Space Science Systems MOC Gallery. On April 24, 2001, an opportunity arose in which the MGS could be pointed off-nadir to take a new picture of the same dune field. By combining the nadir view from March 1999 and the off-nadir view from April 2001, a stereoscopic image was created. The anaglyph shown here must be viewed with red (left-eye) and blue (right-eye) "3-D" glasses. The dunes and the local topography of the volcanic crater's floor stand out in sharp relief. The images, taken more than one Mars year apart, show no change in the shape or location of the dunes--that is, they do not seem to have moved at all since March 1999.
- The material in the upper portion of this image, perhaps hardened volcanic ash deposits, is being eroded into parallel long, thin ridges called yardangs by the strong prevailing winds.
- This large outflow channel shows many characteristic signs that massive amounts of water have flowed through this area, including the teardrop and streamlined islands.
- http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ESP_024484_1750This observation reveals two obvious features. The smaller, narrow ridges oriented vertically are yardangs, which are created by wind erosion; the wind strips away the surrounding terrain, and the ridges remain because they contain more hardened material.The second feature—the inverted, meandering channel snaking through the image—is caused by similar processes. This was once a river bed that meandered due to changes in topography. As the river flowed, sediments were deposited on its floor, and over time, these sediments became hardened, so when the wind later stripped away the surrounding terrain, the hardened sediments remained, leaving an inverted form.Written by: Dan Berman (7 December 2011)
- This is the 3-D anaglyph showing a microscopic image taken of soil featuring round, blueberry-shaped rock formations on the crater floor at MeridianiPlanum, Mars. This image was taken on the 13th day of the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's journey, after the Moessbauer spectrometer, an instrument located on the rover's instrument deployment device, or "arm," was pressed down to measure the soil's iron mineralogy. Note the donut-shaped imprint of the instrument in the lower part of the image. The area in this image is approximately 3 centimeters (1.2 inches) across.Image Credit:NASA/JPL/Cornell/USGS/Texas A&MImage Addition Date:2004-02-12
- NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity used its navigation camera to take the images combined into this stereo view of the rover's surroundings on the 958th sol, or Martian day, of its surface mission (Oct. 4, 2006).
- MawrthVallis is one of the oldest valleys on Mars, formed in and subsequently covered by layered rocks, which are now exposed due to erosion. Mars orbiters have observed clay minerals that form in water in and surrounding this valley, which made MawrthVallis one of the locations considered as a landing site for the Curiosity rover. Multiple impact craters within this image have been partially filled in by wind-blown sand.
- Eberswalde Crater was one of the four final landing sites considered for the MSL rover. A channel leads into the crater and the lithified remains of a delta, a fan-like feature formed when sediment-laden water flows from a river into a larger body of water such as a lake. Meandering and crossing channels can be seen within the delta. All of this is evidence that water flowed through this region over an extended period of time.
- This 3D, or stereo anaglyph, view shows the parachute and back shell that helped guide NASA's Curiosity to the surface of Mars. The view was produced from images taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter as the satellite flew overhead after landing.Viewing in 3D requires the traditional red-blue glasses, with red going over the left eye.The image pairs have large stereo-convergence angles, which means that height differences in the terrain appear exaggerated; for example, the slopes look about ten times steeper than they really are. This exaggeration is useful over very flat terrain such as landing sites.HiRISE is one of six instruments on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates the orbiter's HiRISE camera, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, built the spacecraft.
- http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/?ImageID=4786This 3D, or stereo anaglyph, view shows NASA's Mars rover Curiosity where it landed on Mars within Gale Crater, at a site now called Bradbury Landing. The view was produced from images taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter as the satellite flew overhead after landing. Viewing in 3D requires the traditional red-blue glasses, with red going over the left eye.The image pairs have large stereo-convergence angles, which means that height differences in the terrain appear exaggerated; for example, the slopes look about ten times steeper than they really are. This exaggeration is useful over very flat terrain such as landing sites. The full image set for these observations can be seen at: http://uahirise.org/releases/msl-3d.php .HiRISE is one of six instruments on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates the orbiter's HiRISE camera, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, built the spacecraft. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona
- http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA15879This 3-D view of the calibration target for the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) aboard NASA's Mars rover Curiosity was assembled from two images taken by that camera during the 34th Martian day, or sol, of Curiosity's work on Mars (Sept. 9, 2012).The camera is on the turret of tools at the end of Curiosity's robotic arm. Its calibration target is on the rover's robotic arm shoulder azimuth actuator. The Sol 34 imaging by MAHLI was part of a weeklong set of activities for characterizing the movement of the arm in Mars conditions. MAHLI has adjustable focus.The calibration target for the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) instrument includes color references, a metric bar graphic, a 1909 VDB Lincoln penny (Victor David Brenner, designer), and a stair-step pattern for depth calibration. The 0.7-inch (19 millimeter) diameter penny is a nod to geologists' tradition of placing a coin or other object of known scale as a size reference in close-up photographs of rocks, and it gives the public a familiar object for perceiving size easily when it will be viewed by MAHLI on Mars.This image shows the calibration target has a coating of Martian dust and some adhering grains of fine and very fine sand. This is unsurprising - the target was facing directly toward the plume of dust stirred up by the sky crane's descent engines during the final phase of the August 6, 2012 (EDT) landing.The main purpose of Curiosity's MAHLI camera is to acquire close-up, high-resolution views of rocks and regolith at the rover's Gale Crater field site. The camera is capable of focusing on any target at distances of about 0.8 inch (2.1 centimeters) to infinity, providing versatility for other uses.
- http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/?ImageID=4753Martian Streambed Evidence Rock in 3-DThis stereo image from the Mast Camera (Mastcam) on NASA's Mars rover Curiosity shows a rock outcrop called "Hottah," cited as evidence for vigorous flow of water in a long-ago Martian stream. The scene covers an area roughly 1 yard or meter across at the near edge. It appears three-dimensional when viewed through red-blue glasses with the red lens on the left.Curiosity found evidence for an ancient, flowing stream on Mars at a few sites, including this outcrop named after Hottah Lake in Canada. It may look like a broken sidewalk, but this geological feature on Mars is actually exposed bedrock made up of smaller fragments cemented together, or what geologists call a sedimentary conglomerate. Scientists theorize that the bedrock was disrupted in the past, giving it the titled angle, most likely via impacts from meteorites. The key evidence for the ancient stream comes from the size and rounded shape of the gravel in and around the bedrock. Hottah has pieces of gravel embedded in it, called clasts, up to a couple inches (few centimeters) in size and located within a matrix of sand-sized material. Some of the clasts are round in shape, leading the science team to conclude they were transported by a vigorous flow of water. The grains are too large to have been moved by wind. Erosion of the outcrop results in gravel clasts that protrude from the outcrop and ultimately fall onto the ground, creating the gravel pile at left. Curiosity's Mastcam acquired component images of this scene on the 39th Martian day, or sol, of the mission (Sept. 14, 2012 PDT/Sept. 15 GMT). Mastcam has two cameras, a telephoto right eye (Mastcam 100) with a 100-millimeter-focal-length lens, and a moderately wide-angle left eye (Mastcam 34) with a 34-millimeter lens. This stereo image combines images from each eye. A right-eye-only version of the scene is at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16156 . Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
- http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/?ImageID=4784This 3D, or stereo anaglyph, view shows the upcoming science destination for NASA's Mars rover Curiosity, a region dubbed "Glenelg," where three different types of material seen from orbit come together (middle of picture). The view was produced from images taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter as the satellite flew overhead on Aug. 12 and Sept. 8, 2012. The rover and its tracks can be seen at far left, from the latter (left-eye) image.Viewing in 3D requires the traditional red-blue glasses, with red going over the left eye.The image pairs have large stereo-convergence angles, which means that height differences in the terrain appear exaggerated; for example, the slopes look about ten times steeper than they really are. This exaggeration is useful over very flat terrain such as landing sites. The full image set for these observations can be seen at: http://uahirise.org/releases/msl-3d.php .HiRISE is one of six instruments on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates the orbiter's HiRISE camera, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, built the spacecraft. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona