Java Course 6: Introduction to Agile

Java course - IAG0040 Unit testing & Agile Software DevelopmentAnton Keks 2011

Unit tests ● How to be confident that your code works? ● Why wait for somebody else to test your code? ● How to provide up-to-date examples on using your API? ● How to help yourself see your design better and therefore improve it? The answer: write Unit Tests!!! ● Unit tests are executable test cases for your modules (units), expressed in code ● Unit tests are executed automatically to ensure that your code still works after changing it (regression testing)Java course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 2

Benefits of unit tests ● Unit testing isolates each module and shows that it is correct. It provides a strict written contract that the code must satisfy ● Facilitates change – unit tests provide regression testing, make refactoring safer ● Simplifies integration – integration testing is easier, if parts are already proven to work correctly ● Documentation – unit tests show how to use the API ● Separation of interface from implementation – unit tests result in loosely coupled codeJava course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 3

A simple example ● public class Concatenator { // this is a method under test public String concat(String a, String b) { return a + b; } // this is a simple test case public static void main(String[] args) { Concatenator c = new Concatenator(); assert “abc123”.equals( c.concat(“abc”, “123”)) : “concat() failed!”; } }Java course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 4

JUnit ● JUnit is the first and most popular unit and regression testing framework for Java ● Is a 3rd-party jar file – Obtainable from http://www.junit.org/ – Included and interfaced in IDEA, Eclipse, etc ● JUnit 3 – older but still very popular ● JUnit 4 – takes advantage of Java 5 featuresJava course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 5

JUnit (cont) ● JUnit 3 – must extend the junit.framework.TestCase class – TestCase provides a lot of assertXXX() methods – setUp() method is run before each test – tearDown() method is run after each test ● JUnit 4 – no extending is needed – annotate test methods with @Test (from org.junit) – assertXXX() methods may be statically imported import static org.junit.Assert.*; – @Before and @After annotations replace setUp() and tearDown()Java course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 6

JUnit 3 example ● public class Concatenator { // this is a method under test public String concat(String a, String b) { return a + b; } } public class ConcatenatorTest extends TestCase{ // this is a simple test case public void testConcat() { Concatenator c = new Concatenator(); assertEquals(“concat() failed!”, “abc123”, c.concat(“abc”, “123”)); } }Java course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 7

JUnit 4 example ● public class Concatenator { // this is a method under test public String concat(String a, String b) { return a + b; } } public class ConcatenatorTest { // this is a simple test case @Test public void testConcat() { Concatenator c = new Concatenator(); assertEquals(“concat() failed!”, “abc123”, c.concat(“abc”, “123”)); } }Java course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 8

JUnit (cont) ● Naming convention – Create at least one test class for each class, test classes usually have the Test suffix (e.g. DogTest) – Generally, create one test method per method under test (e.g. @Test public void dogHasAName()) – Put tests into the the test directory (same package as the class under test, then you can access package local methods from tests) ● JUnit runs all tests, – defined in public void testXXX methods in classes extending TestCase, or – annotated with @Test (no test prefix please)Java course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 9

Mock objects in tests ● Unit tests must isolate the unit under test (avoid dependencies) ● If an object under test uses other objects, they must be mocked ● A mock object has the same interface as the real object, but different implementation (in many cases, it does nothing) ● Real objects being mocked should have their own separate unit tests ● Possible implementations: – Overriding: class MockDog extends Dog { ... } – Anonymous classes: new Dog() { ... } – Dynamic proxies: Proxy.newProxyInstance( ... ) (see javadoc of java.lang.reflect.Proxy) – Frameworks: mockito, easymock, mockobjects, jmock, etcJava course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 10

Unit test tasks ● Write unit tests for these your classes using JUnit 4 (see previous lectures slides if you dont have them): – Fibonacci, Factorial – DuplicateRemoverImpl – WordFrequencyCalculatorImpl – ShapeAggregatorImpl ● Use the above mentioned naming/coding convention ● You no longer need main() methods in these classes which demonstrate that the code works – these were actually a sort of unit tests, tooJava course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 11

Agile Software Development ● Is a relatively new and more efficient software development methodology (process) ● Minimizes risks by splitting projects into small iterations that look like separate projects – Each iteration includes all tasks to release an increment in functionality ● planning ● requirements analysis ● design & coding & testing ● documentationJava course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 12

Agile Manifesto ● http://www.agilemanifesto.org/ ● We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it. Through this work we have come to value: – Individuals and interactions over processes and tools – Working software over comprehensive documentation – Customer collaboration over contract negotiation – Responding to change over following a plan ● That is, while there is value in the items on the right, we value the items on the left more.Java course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 13

So what is Agile? ● Way of creating software in lighter, faster, and people-centric way ● Adaptable, not predictable ● Working software is the primary measure of success and is delivered frequently ● Agile software development requires strict discipline ● Project team sits together (face-to-face communication) – programmers and customers at minimum – testers, designers, technical writers, managers ● Changes in requirements are welcomed, not being afraid ofJava course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 14

Agile methodologies ● There are many (some existed before the Agile Manifesto) – Scrum, Crystal Clear, Lean Software Development, XP (Extreme Programming), etc ● Bad (but often used) alternatives: – Cowboy coding – no well-defined process – Waterfall – most predictive, steps through requirements capture, analysis, design, coding, testing in a strict sequence (see www.waterfall2006.com fake conference site)Java course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 15

Agile/XP project cycle ● Kick-off meeting ● Iterations: – Iteration planning meeting (a few hours) – Daily stand-up meetings (max 15 min) – Designing, coding, testing, communicating ● Fixed deadline ends (or customer decides to finish the project)Java course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 16

User stories and iterations ● User stories are written on small paper chunks ● They are are added/removed/prioritized during iteration planning meetings ● Each user story is estimated in abstract units ● Teams velocity is calculated after each iteration ● Next iteration plan must be the same number of units completed during the previous iteration ● After a few iterations, velocity stabilizesJava course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 17

TDD (Test Driven Development) ● TDD is one of the main practices of XP (Extreme Programming) ● TDD = TFD + refactoring ● TFD (Test First Development) means – Write tests before the real (functional) code – Write real code only to satisfy failing tests – Eliminate duplication ● Refactoring means redesigning the code without changing or braking existing functionality – always ensure that you have the simplest design possible for the functionality built to dateJava course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 18

TDD benefits ● Code is written in small steps ● You design your API before writing code, which results in better and loosely coupled object model ● You get 100% unit test coverage ● After each test-code iteration you get a working code, you can virtually stop anytime ● You dont waste time designing beforehand; initial designs cannot predict everything ● You can change anything anytime (because requirements always change) ● Overengineering is eliminatedJava course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 19

Pair Programming ● Pair Programming means there are two programmers sitting and working together ● Pairs help stay on track with TDD ● Pairing helps to learn from each other ● Instant (extreme) code review ● Two people produce better ideas than any of them could alone ● “Ping-pong” allows to turn development into a game – Implement failing test, write a new test, pass keyboardJava course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 20

Continuous integration ● Regular automated builds of the software (e.g. after each commit) – the whole program is recompiled – automated (unit) tests are run – documentation is generated – software is packaged and therefore ready to run ● Provides short feedback to developers ● Helps to find integration problems and failed tests early ● The latest builds are always runnable and testable by e.g. customers ● Hudson is one of the tools used for this purpose – see http://java.azib.net/hudsonJava course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 21

Hands-on: TDD Bowling ● Rules/Requirements of 10-pin bowling: – A game of 10 frames (2 shots per frame) – Total score = sum of scores of all frames – Spare – all 10 pins are hit with two shots (frame) ● Frame score += next shot (bonus) – Strike – all 10 pins are hit with one shot ● Frame score += two next shots (bonus) – If last frame hits all pins, extra shot is awarded – Perfect game = 12 strikes = 300 pointsJava course – IAG0040 Lecture 6Anton Keks Slide 22

Java Course 6: Introduction to Agile

by Anton Keks on Jan 11, 2012

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Java Course 6: Introduction to Agile — Presentation Transcript