All of the above. The UO Libraries provide many ways to get help finding and accessing scholarly sources, including in-person at any reference desk, via chat, email, phone, or by scheduling a research consultation with a subject librarian.
3. Learning Objectives
• At the end of the class students will:
• Understand that there is valid scientific
research to support many sides of a
controversial topic – especially in nutrition.
• Research is messy.
• The UO librarians can help.
6. What is the Atkins Diet?
A. Grass fed meat and some oils (coconut, avocados
walnuts, etc.), no cereal grains, potatoes, legumes, dairy,
or sugar.
B. protein, healthy fats and some vegetables (meat, eggs,
cheese, butter, cooking oils are fine, few fruits), little
bread or grains, no sugar.
C. Eat complex carbohydrates (grains and beans), plenty
of fruits and veggies, small amounts of protein; no oil of
any kind (including olive oil), no dairy, no sugar.
D. Lots of veggies and low fat protein, certain fats, very
few grains and starches.
8. What is the Atkins Diet?
A. Grass fed meat and some oils (coconut, avocados walnuts,
etc.), no cereal grains, potatoes, legumes, dairy, or sugar.
B. protein, healthy fats and some vegetables (meat, eggs,
cheese, butter, cooking oils are fine, few fruits), little bread or
grains, no sugar.
C. Eat complex carbohydrates (grains and beans), plenty of fruits
and veggies, small amounts of protein; no oil of any kind
(including olive oil), no dairy, no sugar.
D. Lots of veggies and low fat protein, certain fats, very few
grains and starches.
9. What is the Zone Diet?
A. Grass fed meat and some oils (coconut, avocados walnuts,
etc.), no cereal grains, potatoes, legumes, dairy, or sugar.
B. protein, healthy fats and some vegetables (meat, eggs,
cheese, butter, cooking oils are fine, few fruits), little bread or
grains, no sugar.
C. Eat complex carbohydrates (grains and beans), plenty of
fruits and veggies, small amounts of protein; no oil of any kind
(including olive oil), no dairy, no sugar.
D. Lots of veggies and low fat protein, certain fats, very few
grains and starches.
11. What is the Paleo Diet?
A. Grass fed meat and some oils (coconut, avocados walnuts,
etc.), no cereal grains, potatoes, legumes, dairy, or sugar.
B. Lots of fruits and veggies, carbohydrates are ok in limited
amounts, fish and poultry, olive oil, with small amounts of red
meat, wine and sugar
C. Eat complex carbohydrates (grains and beans), plenty of
fruits and veggies, small amounts of protein; no fat of any kind
(no olive oil, butter, etc.), no dairy, no sugar.
D. Eat meat & vegetables, nuts & seeds, some fruit, little
starch, and no sugar. Keep intake to levels that will support
exercise, but not body fat.
12. Paleo Diet says
The world’s healthiest diet, is based upon the
fundamental concept that the optimal diet is
the one to which we are genetically adapted.
The therapeutic effect of the Paleo Diet is
supported by both randomized
controlled human trials and real-life
success stories.
13. What is the Paleo Diet?
A. Grass fed meat and some oils (coconut, avocados walnuts, etc.), no
cereal grains, potatoes, legumes, dairy, or sugar.
B. Lots of fruits and veggies, carbohydrates are ok in limited amounts,
fish and poultry, olive oil, with small amounts of red meat, wine and
sugar
C. Eat complex carbohydrates (grains and beans), plenty of fruits and
veggies, small amounts of protein; no fat of any kind (no olive oil,
butter, etc.), no dairy, no sugar.
D. Eat meat & vegetables, nuts & seeds, some fruit, little starch, and no
sugar. Keep intake to levels that will support exercise, but not body fat.
16. These diets claim that they will:
A. help you lose weight
B. help prevent/reverse diabetes
C. restore heart health
D. reduce epileptic seizures
E. all of the above
17. Plant based diets: featuring T. Colin
Campbell, PhD, Joel Fuhrman, MD,
and Caldwell Esselstyn, Jr. MD
18.
19. What’s the science?
Where do scientists discuss their research?
How do they discuss their work and their
findings?
20. Peer review at NEJM
① Manuscript reviewed by Deputy editor+ – ½ rejected
② If it passes it goes to an Associate editor*
③ Then to 2 outside-reviewers (out of a database of 10,000 with
specific expertise)
④ Recommendations are to make changes and publish or reject
⑤ Reviewed at least 1 time by contracted Statistical consultants
⑥ Associate editor and Author(s) make changes
⑦ Passed back to Deputy editor/Editor-in-Chief
⑧ Editor-in-Chief formally accepts paper for publication
+has an M.D. or Ph.D. and does some teaching/research
*holds a full time research/teaching position
22. Groups of 3 or 4
1 person is the recorder
1 person is the speaker/presentor
1 person is the skeptic
1 person is the moderater
23. Answer these questions using the 5
articles from the Bb survey
1. Which articles were scholarly? Which were
popular sources?
2. Did they convince you that the information
presented/conclusions reached were valid?
3. How did they convince you?
4. What are you going to do next?
24. What is Ketosis?
1. What is it?
2. What are the benefits of it?
3. What are the disadvantages?
26. What is Ketosis?
1. What is it?
2. What are the benefits of it?
3. What are the disadvantages?
27. What is Ketosis?
Frigolet, M.-E., Ramos Barragán, V.-E., & Tamez González, M. (2011). Low-
carbohydrate diets: a matter of love or hate. Annals of nutrition &
metabolism, 58(4), 320–334. doi:10.1159/000331994
29. Benefits of ketosis?
Stops difficult to control seizures
Modified Atkins diet might work for some and
be followed more
30. Other benefits of a diet
that puts you in state of ketosis?
Lose weight
help with type 2 diabetes
May help with other issues like recovery from
concussions, Alzheimer’s, Parkinsons
31. Is this popular or scholarly?
Bielohuby, M., Matsuura, M., Herbach, N.,
Kienzle, E., Slawik, M., Hoeflich, A., &
Bidlingmaier, M. (2010). Short-Term Exposure to
Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diets Induces Low
Bone Mineral Density and Reduces Bone
Formation in Rats. Journal of Bone & Mineral
Research, 25(2), 275–284.
32. Ketosis
disadvantages:
Constipation, kidney stones, decreased bone
density, slows growth in children, increases
cholesterol and lipids, causes micronutrient
deficiencies, may impact energy and memory
(temporary?), breath smells
33. Many of these low carb diets put
you in a form of ketosis
36. What do we know?
Sugar is evil.
So are simple carbohydrates.
37. How would you search for information
on this topic?
How many carbs should I eat?
Can I eat butter? Olive oil?
What about fruit?
Is the paleo diet safe? Effective?
Should I be a starchavore?
38. I would look for answers:
A. In popular sources
B. In scholarly sources
C. I would start with popular sources and then
try to track down scholarly sources
D. I would ask a librarian
40. Google is an answer machine…
type in your topic and get 1,000s of results.
…library databases aren’t
You have to know how to get the information
you need out of library database.
42. Remaining questions
Complex carbohydrates – a little or a lot?
Fat – in any form, just some forms, very little?
Fruit, vegetables, meat (protein sources)?
Short term v. long term?
43. Is there scientific evidence that suggests that
a low carbohydrate diet will help someone
lose weight?
48. What about google scholar?
• Might work for your topic and work well. I use
it sometimes, but find it difficult to sort
through the results of a broad search.
• Your mileage may vary. Unless you are already
an expert, GS won’t be any better than a
database.
53. Off campus access to library resources
http://library.uoregon.edu/systems/proxy/index.html
54. Anderson, J. W., Konz, E. C., & Jenkins, D. J. A. (2000). Health Advantages and Disadvantages of Weight-Reducing Diets: A Computer Analysis and
Critical Review. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 19(5), 578–590.
Astrup, A. (2001). The role of dietary fat in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Efficacy and safety of low-fat diets. International journal of obesity
and related metabolic disorders: journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 25 Suppl 1, S46–50. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801698
Astrup, A., Buemann, B., Flint, A., & Raben, A. (2002). Low-fat diets and energy balance: how does the evidence stand in 2002? Proceedings of the
Nutrition Society, 61(2), 299–309. doi:10.1079/PNS2002149
Barnard, R. J., Ugianskis, E. J., Martin, D. A., & Inkeles, S. B. (1992). Role of diet and exercise in the management of hyperinsulinemia and associated
atherosclerotic risk factors. The American journal of cardiology, 69(5), 440–444.
Baschetti, R. (2006). Definition of low-fat diets. Archives of internal medicine, 166(13), 1419–1420; author reply 1420.
doi:10.1001/archinte.166.13.1419-b
Bielohuby, M., Matsuura, M., Herbach, N., Kienzle, E., Slawik, M., Hoeflich, A., & Bidlingmaier, M. (2010). Short-Term Exposure to Low-Carbohydrate,
High-Fat Diets Induces Low Bone Mineral Density and Reduces Bone Formation in Rats. Journal of Bone & Mineral Research, 25(2), 275–284.
Borradaile, K. E., Halpern, S. D., Wyatt, H. R., Klein, S., Hill, J. O., Bailer, B., … Foster, G. D. (2012). Relationship Between Treatment Preference and
Weight Loss in the Context of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesity (19307381), 20(6), 1218–1222.
Clifton, P. M. (2011). Low-carbohydrate diets for weight loss: the pros and cons. Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, 24(6), 523–524.
De Luis, D. A., Aller, R., Izaola, O., Sagrado, M. G., Bellioo, D., & Conde, R. (2007). Effects of a Low-Fat versus a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on
Adipocytokines in Obese Adults. Hormone Research, 67(6), 296–300.
Dyson, P. A. (2008). A review of low and reduced carbohydrate diets and weight loss in type 2 diabetes. Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, 21(6),
530–538.
Egert, S., Kratz, M., Kannenberg, F., Fobker, M., & Wahrburg, U. (2011). Effects of high-fat and low-fat diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids on
serum lipids, LDL size and indices of lipid peroxidation in healthy non-obese men and women when consumed under controlled conditions. European
Journal of Nutrition, 50(1), 71–79. doi:10.1007/s00394-010-0116-9
Floegel, A., & Pischon, T. (2012). Low carbohydrate-high protein diets. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 344, e3801.
Foreyt, J. P., Salas-Salvado, J., Caballero, B., Bull, M., Gifford, K. D., Bautista, I., & Serra-Majem, L. (May2009 Supplement). Weight-reducing diets: Are
there any differences? Nutrition Reviews, 67, S99–S101.
Freedhoff, Y. (2012). Advice to avoid low carbohydrate-high protein diets is not evidence based. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 345, e5106; author reply
e5109, e5112.
And so much more... Check Blackboard for the full list.
55. In your groups
Write on your index card:
Something you learned today that was new.
OR
Something you learned today that you’ll use for
this or another class.
56. Scholarly sources are different from
popular ones for these reasons:
A. They have references.
B. They are written by authors who are experts
in their field.
C. Use academic/dry/specific/specialized
language and include data and charts.
D. Go through a rigorous review process by
experts before being published.
E. All of the above.
57. To get scholarly sources at the UO:
A. Start with the library’s webpage, click on
articles, databases & indexes, use keywords
in the box, click FindText to get the article.
B. Start with the library’s webpage, use
keywords in the catalog tab, click FindText to
get the article.
C. Start with Google Scholar, put keywords in
the box, click FindText to get the article.
D. All of the above.
58. Where can you get help finding
scholarly sources at the UO?
A. Any UO Library reference/help desk
(especially Knight and Science).
B. Ask a librarian using chat, email, phone or in
person.
C. All of the above.
Editor's Notes
What are Low carb diets? What have you heard? What about Paleo Diets? Atkins?
When Atkins first published his ''Diet Revolution'' in 1972, - first of the low carb/carb restricted diets and counter to the message on fat Americans were just coming to terms with the proposition that fat -- particularly the saturated fat of meat and dairy products -- was the primary nutritional evil in the American diet. Atkins managed to sell millions of copies of a book promising that we would lose weight eating steak, eggs and butter to our heart's desire, because it was the carbohydrates, the pasta, rice, bagels and sugar, that caused obesity and even heart disease. Fat, he said, was harmless. Atkins allowed his readers to eat ''truly luxurious foods without limit,'' as he put it, ''lobster with butter sauce, steak with béarnaise sauce . . . bacon cheeseburgers,'' but allowed no starches or refined carbohydrates, which means no sugars or anything made from flour. Atkins banned even fruit juices, and permitted only a modicum of vegetables, although the latter were negotiable as the diet progressed. What if It’s All Been a Big Fat Lie? - New York Times. (n.d.). New York Times. Retrieved January 26, 2013, from http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/07/magazine/what-if-it-s-all-been-a-big-fat-lie.html
This is the oldest popular one of the low carb dietsa.Paleo - http://thepaleodiet.com/what-to-eat-on-the-paleo-diet/b. Atkins- low carb, fat is fine, veggies are ?http://www.atkins.com/Program/Phase-1/What-You-Can-Eat-in-this-Phase.aspxc. Mcdougall - http://www.drmcdougall.com/free_2a.htmld. Zone = http://www.zonediet.com/tools/quick-start-guide
Righthttp://www.zonediet.com/tools/quick-start-guideLefthttp://www.atkins.com/Science/Atkins-Food-Pyramid.aspxDiscuss. What’s the primary difference here? Americans were just coming to terms with the proposition that fat -- particularly the saturated fat of meat and dairy products -- was the primary nutritional evil in the American diet. Atkins managed to sell millions of copies of a book promising that we would lose weight eating steak, eggs and butter to our heart's desire, because it was the carbohydrates, the pasta, rice, bagels and sugar, that caused obesity and even heart disease. Fat, he said, was harmless. Atkins allowed his readers to eat ''truly luxurious foods without limit,'' as he put it, ''lobster with butter sauce, steak with béarnaise sauce . . . bacon cheeseburgers,'' but allowed no starches or refined carbohydrates, which means no sugars or anything made from flour. Atkins banned even fruit juices, and permitted only a modicum of vegetables, although the latter were negotiable as the diet progressed. What if It’s All Been a Big Fat Lie? - New York Times. (n.d.). New York Times. Retrieved January 26, 2013, from http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/07/magazine/what-if-it-s-all-been-a-big-fat-lie.html
This is the oldest popular one of the low carb dietsa.Paleo - http://thepaleodiet.com/what-to-eat-on-the-paleo-diet/b. Atkins- low carb, fat is fine, veggies are ?http://www.atkins.com/Program/Phase-1/What-You-Can-Eat-in-this-Phase.aspxc. Mcdougall - http://www.drmcdougall.com/free_2a.htmld. Zone = http://www.zonediet.com/tools/quick-start-guide
This is the oldest popular one of the low carb dietsa.Paleo - http://thepaleodiet.com/what-to-eat-on-the-paleo-diet/b. Atkins- low carb, fat is fine, veggies are ?http://www.atkins.com/Program/Phase-1/What-You-Can-Eat-in-this-Phase.aspxc. Mcdougall - http://www.drmcdougall.com/free_2a.htmld. Zone = http://www.zonediet.com/tools/quick-start-guideSouth beach diet is a variation on this too.
http://thepaleodiet.com/books/Fast forward 30-40 years, have Cordain, a professor in the department of health and exercise science at Colorado State University since 1982. He was introduced to the Paleo Diet concept in about 1987 when he read Dr. Boyd Eaton’s seminal New England Journal of Medicine paper, “Paleolithic Nutrition.”
The world’s healthiest diet, is based upon the fundamental concept that the optimal diet is the one to which we are genetically adapted. The therapeutic effect of the Paleo Diet is supported by both randomized controlled human trials and real-life success stories.
The moderate-fat, restricted-calorie, Mediterranean diet was rich in vegetables and low in red meat, with poultry and fish replacing beef and lamb. We restricted energy intake to 1500 kcal per day for women and 1800 kcal per day for men, with a goal of no more than 35% of calories from fat; the main sources of added fat were 30 to 45 g of olive oil and a handful of nuts (five to seven nuts, <20 g) per day. The diet is based on the recom- mendations of Willett and Skerrett.21
Why would you give up carbs!!!!?????Short term weight lossCholesterolSeizuresOther issuesNo doubt that it works to lose weight and it may or may not be bad for your heart in the long run. Reducing obesity is a good thing.
These diets claim to work too and have medical evidence……
How do you communicate with your friends?Same language you use in talking with your parents or grandparents?Same you imagine you’d use getting a job? At work?NOScientists = talk to each other In journal articles – state what they did, stake their claim to findings, show they know how to research, get grants and fameIn specialized language – just like you and your friends with texts and emojicons and whatnot - and they use scholarly journal articles and usually the peer review process
Recorder = write down group answer to the questions I’m going to askSpeaker/presenter = asked to report to the room, here and nowSkeptic = ask questions about decisions. How do you know? Are you sure? Prove it.Moderator = stay on task, make sure everyone gets a chance to speakHave 10 minutes (more or less)
In groups talk about answering these questions for 5 minutes. Have some of them report back.
In your groups again – use searching devices to find the answers5 minutesDid you find popular articles or scholarly ones?
Ketosis occurs when you don't have enough sugar (glucose) for energy, so your body breaks down stored fat, causing ketones to build up in your body.
Does this sound familiar?What you eat can make a HUGE difference
What you eat can make a HUGE difference
What you eat can make a HUGE difference
Most of these are treatable! Is this sustainable way to live? If it’s keeping your weight down, or seizures, or overall chlolesterol, then yes, maybe? Is it environmentally sustainable? Likely the high-protein diet’s biggest negative impact is it’s carbon footprint.Kristen D’Anci in the February 2009 issue of the journal Appetite concluded that, “The present data show memory impairments during low-carbohydrate diets at a point when available glycogen stores would be at their lowest.” Women followed a low-carbohydrate diet, similar to the Atkins diet, or a reduced-calorie balanced diet, similar to that recommended by the American Dietetic Association (ADA). “Results showed that during complete withdrawal of dietary carbohydrate, low-carbohydrate dieters performed worse on memory-based tasks than ADA dieters. These impairments were ameliorated after reintroduction of carbohydrates.” After about one week of severe carbohydrate deprivation subjects demonstrated impairment of memory.
Is it worth it? Certainly for controlling seizures, it would be.Ketosis is associated with loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue, and hypotension (lower blood pressure). The result is a decrease in food (calorie) intake. Much of the weight lost is diuretic and appetite suppressed. You will lose weight!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8A-byWZEEN0
Min 9:35http://www.drmcdougall.com/video/diet_wars.htm
How would you search for the ANSWERS?Would you look for popular or scholarly sources?Start with popular and then find the scholarly?Stick with scholarly?Lose weight? Yes – long term impacts are still ?Reverse type 2 diabetes? YesImprove cardiac health? Maybe or maybe notMay also harm bone developmentLong term healthy? Maybe not?
Vote as an individual– talk to your neighbor – group – why?Want to change your answer?Revote – change your answer/stay?
You will all likely have to answer a complicated question some day – house? Car? Job? Diet?Need to know how to search and what you want to find.And where to look
researching a topic throughly. Library databases aren’t answer machines. You have to figure out how to use them to get the information you need.
Focus on one question to answer
Search live!
Point out, using an example, that natural language searching is just keyword searching with stop words added. A question like, “What is the cause for the climate change problem?” is for Google, ““What is the cause for the climate change problem?” The difficulties here are that climate change is not in quotation marks to designate it as a phrase, climate change is not the first term (which is important for Google) and there is the additional word “problem,” which may not appear in some otherwise useful websites. Natural language removes control from the searcher. If searchers want to control their search terminology, it is much better to use crucial words and order them as the searcher wants, not as the natural language question demands. Thus: “climate change” cause.
