Hadoop cluster installation

1. Single-Node Hadoop Cluster Installation
Presented By:
Mahantesh Angadi, Nagarjuna D. N., Manoj P. T.
2nd Sem Mtech-CNE (2014)
Dept. of ISE, AIT
Under The Guidance of:
Manjunath T. N.
Amogh P. K.
Assistant Professor
Dept. of ISE, AIT

2. OUTLINE
•Requirements for Java & Hadoop installation
•Jdk Installation steps
•Hadoop installation steps

3. How to Install A Single-Node Hadoop Cluster
•Assumptions
oYou are running 32-bit windows
oYour laptops has 4GB or more of RAM
•Downloads
oVMware Workstation-10 or more
oUbuntu 10 or more
oJava JDK 1.5 0r more(E.g. JDK 1.7)
oHadoop 1.2.1 or more

4. •Instructions to Install Hadoop
1. Install VMWare Workstation
2. Create a new Virtual machine
3. Point the installer disc image to the ISO file (E.g. Ubuntu 10) that you are downloaded
4. Give the User name & Password (E.g. hduser for both)
5. Hard disk space 40 GB Hard drive (more is better, but you want to leave some for your Host machine)
6. Customize hardware
a. Memory: 2GB RAM (more is better, but you want to leave some for your Host(Windows) machine)
b. Processors: 2(more is better, but you wanted to leave some for your Host(Windows) machine)

5. 7. Launch your Virtual machine (all the instructions after this step will be performed in Ubuntu)
8. Login to User (E.g. hduser)
9. Open a terminal window with Ctrl + Alt + T (you will use this shortcut a lot)
• Type following commands in the terminal to download recent linux packages(needs internet connections)

6. $ sudo apt-get update

7. JDK Installation Steps
$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server(recommends while connecting to localhost)

8. 10. Install Java JDK 7
a. Download the java JDK (http://www.wikihow.com/Install-Oracle-Java-JDK-on-Ubuntu-Linux)
b. Unzip the file
$ tar –xvf jdk-7u25-linux-i586.tar.gz (or) tar xzf jdk-7u25- linux-i586.tar.gz

9. •Now move the JDK 7 directory to /usr/lib/java (you suppose to create java folder in lib (your choice of location) directory)
$ sudo mkdir –p /usr/lib/java
•Now move from Download/Desktop folder to Java folder using terminal

10. •$ sudo cp -r jdk1.7.0_25 /usr/lib/java/

11. c. Do the following steps
Edit the system PATH file /etc/profile and add the following system variables to your system path. Use nano, gedit or any other text editor, as root, open up /etc/profile.
•Type/Copy/Paste: $ sudo gedit /etc/profile
or
•Type/Copy/Paste: $ sudo nano /etc/profile

12. •Scroll down to the end of the file using your arrow keys and add the following lines below to the end of your /etc/profile file:
Type/Copy/Paste: JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/java/jdk1.7.0_25 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin export JAVA_HOME export PATH

14. •Change JDK to the version you are going to be installed
Save(CTRL+X & Y & ENTER for nano) the /etc/profile file and exit.

15. d. Now run
•$ sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/lib/java/jdk1.7.0_25/bin/java" 1
oThis command notifies the system that Oracle Java JRE is available for use
• $ sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/usr/lib/java/jdk1.7.0_25/bin/javac" 1
oThis command notifies the system that Oracle Java JDK is available for use
•$ sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javaws" "javaws" "/usr/lib/java/jdk1.7.0_25/bin/javaws" 1
oThis command notifies the system that Oracle Java Web start is available for use

16. Your Ubuntu Linux system that Oracle Java JDK/JRE must be the default Java.
•Type/Copy/Paste: $ sudo update-alternatives --set java /usr/lib/java/jdk1.7.0_25/bin/java
othis command will set the java runtime environment for the system
•Type/Copy/Paste: $ sudo update-alternatives --set javac /usr/lib/java/jdk1.7.0_25/bin/javac
othis command will set the javac compiler for the system
•Type/Copy/Paste:$ sudo update-alternatives --set javaws /usr/lib/java/jdk1.7.0_25/bin/javaws
othis command will set Java Web start for the system

17. •A successful installation of 32-bit Oracle Java will display:
Type/Copy/Paste: $ java -version
oThis command displays the version of java running on your system
You should receive a message which displays:
Java version "1.7.0_25" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.5_25-b18) Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM (build 24.25-b08, mixed mode)
Type/Copy/Paste: $ javac -version
oThis command lets you know that you are now able to compile Java programs from the terminal.
You should receive a message which displays:
javac 1.7.0_25

18. •Successful Java installation displays

“Congratulations you are successfully installed Java JDK”

19. Hadoop Installation Steps
Prerequisites
•Configure JDK:
oSun Java JDK is compulsory to run hadoop, therefore all the nodes in hadoop cluster should have JDK configured. Ex:-jdk 1.5 & above ( preference:- jdk-7u25-linux-i586.tar.gz)
•Download hadoop package:
Ex:- hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz
•NOTE:
In a multi-node hadoop cluster, the master node uses Secure Shell (SSH) commands
to manipulate the remote nodes. This requires all the nodes must have the same version of JDK and hadoop core. If the versions among nodes are different, errors will occur when you start the cluster.

20. Adding a dedicated Hadoop system user
•We will use a dedicated Hadoop user account for running Hadoop. While that’s not required it is recommended because it helps to separate the Hadoop installation from other software applications and user accounts running on the same machine (think: security, permissions, backups, etc).
oThis will add the user hduser and the group hadoop to your local machine.
$su - hduser
oThis will change to hduser
$ sudo addgroup hadoop
$ sudo adduser --ingroup hadoop hduser

21. Configuring SSH
•Hadoop requires SSH access to manage its nodes, i.e. remote machines plus your local machine if you want to use Hadoop on it (which is what we want to do in this short hadoop installation tutorial). For our single-node setup of Hadoop, we therefore need to configure SSH access to localhost for the hduser user we created in the previous section.
•we assume that you have SSH up and running on your machine and configured it to allow SSH public key authentication.
•First, we have to generate an SSH key for the hduser user.
hduser@ubuntu:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""

22. hduser@ubuntu:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""
Private Key
Public Key

23. •Second, you have to enable SSH access to your local machine with this newly created key.
hduser@ubuntu:~$ cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

24. •The final step is to test the SSH setup by connecting to your local machine with the hduser user. The step is also needed to save your local machine’s host key fingerprint to the hduser user’s known_hosts file.
•If you have any special SSH configuration for your local machine like a non-standard SSH port, you can define host-specific SSH options in $HOME/.ssh/config (see man ssh_config for more information).
•hduser@ubuntu:~$ ssh localhost
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

25. •If the SSH connect should fail, these general tips will help:-
•Enable debugging with ssh -vvv localhost and investigate the error in detail.
•Check the SSH server configuration in /etc/ssh/sshd_config, in particular the options PubkeyAuthentication (which should be set to yes) and AllowUsers (if this option is active, add the hduser user to it). If you made any changes to the SSH server configuration file, you can force a configuration reload with sudo /etc/init.d/ssh reload.
•Successful connection to localhost diplays:

26. Disabling IPv6
•One problem with IPv6 on Ubuntu is that using 0.0.0.0 for the various networking-related Hadoop configuration options will result in Hadoop binding to the IPv6 addresses of our Ubuntu box. In our case, we realized that there’s no practical point in enabling IPv6 on a box when you are not connected to any IPv6 network. Hence, we simply disabled IPv6 on my Ubuntu machine. Your mileage may vary.
•To disable IPv6 on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, open /etc/sysctl.conf in the editor of your choice and add the following lines to the end of the file:
# disable ipv6net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
/etc/sysctl.conf

27. •You have to reboot your machine in order to make the changes take effect.
•You can check whether IPv6 is enabled on your machine with the following command:
•A return value of 0 means IPv6 is enabled, a value of 1 means disabled (that’s what we want).
Alternative
•You can also disable IPv6 only for Hadoop as documented in HADOOP. You can do so by adding the following line to :
$ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6
export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true
conf/hadoop-env.sh

28. Hadoop Installation
•Download Hadoop from the Apache Download Mirrors and extract the contents of the Hadoop package to a location of your choice. we picked /usr/local/hadoop.
Update $HOME/.bashrc
•Add the following lines to the end of the $HOME/.bashrc file of user hduser. If you use a shell other than bash, you should of course update its appropriate configuration files instead of .bashrc.
$ cd /usr/local$ sudo tar xzf hadoop-1.0.3.tar.gz
$ sudo mv hadoop-1.0.3 hadoop
$ sudo chown -R hduser:hadoop hadoop-1.2.1

29. Copy n paste it in $HOME/.bashrc and edit to your requirements
# Set Hadoop-related environment variables
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop (edit here)
# Set JAVA_HOME (we will also configure JAVA_HOME directly for Hadoop later on)
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun(edit here)
# Some convenient aliases and functions for running Hadoop-related commands
unalias fs &> /dev/null
alias fs="hadoop fs“
unalias hls &> /dev/null
alias hls="fs -ls"
# If you have LZO compression enabled in your Hadoop cluster and
# compress job outputs with LZOP (not covered in this tutorial):
# Conveniently inspect an LZOP compressed filem from the command
# line; run via:
#
# $ lzohead /hdfs/path/to/lzop/compressed/file.lzo
#
# Requires installed 'lzop' command.
#lzohead () { hadoop fs -cat $1 | lzop -dc | head -1000 | less}
# Add Hadoop bin/ directory to PATH
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin

30. •The following picture gives an overview of the most important HDFS components.

31. Configuration
•The only required environment variable we have to configure for Hadoop in this tutorial is JAVA_HOME. Open conf/hadoop-env.sh in the editor of your choice (if you used the installation path in this tutorial, the full path is /usr/local/hadoop/conf/hadoop-env.sh) and set the JAVA_HOME environment variable to the Sun JDK/JRE 6 directory.
Change
to
# The java implementation to use. Required.
# export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/j2sdk1.5-sun
# The java implementation to use. Required.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/java/ jdk1.7.0_25
conf/hadoop-env.sh

32. •You can leave the settings below “as is” with the exception of the hadoop.tmp.dir parameter – this parameter you must change to a directory of your choice. We will use the directory /app/hadoop/tmp in this tutorial. Hadoop’s default configurations use hadoop.tmp.dir as the base temporary directory both for the local file system and HDFS, so don’t be surprised if you see Hadoop creating the specified directory automatically on HDFS at some later point.
•Now we create the directory and set the required ownerships and permissions:
$ sudo mkdir -p /app/hadoop/tmp
$ sudo chown hduser:hadoop /app/hadoop/tmp
# ...and if you want to tighten up security, chmod from 755 to 750...
$ sudo chmod 750 /app/hadoop/tmp

33. •If you forget to set the required ownerships and permissions, you will see a java.io.IOException when you try to format the name node in the next section).
•Add the following snippets between the <configuration> ... </configuration> tags in the respective configuration XML file.
•In file conf/core-site.xml: conf/core-site.xml
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/app/hadoop/tmp</value>
<description>A base for other temporary directories.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:54310</value>
<description>The name of the default file system. A URI whose scheme and authority determine the FileSystem implementation. The uri's scheme determines the config property (fs.SCHEME.impl) naming the FileSystem implementation class. The uri's authority is used to determine the host, port, etc. for a filesystem.</description>
</property>

34. •In file conf/hdfs-site.xml: conf/hdfs-site.xml
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
<description>Default block replication. The actual number of replications can be specified when the file is created. The default is used if replication is not specified in create time. </description>
</property>

35. •In file conf/mapred-site.xml: conf/mapred-site.xml
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>localhost:54311</value>
<description>The host and port that the MapReduce job tracker runs at. If "local", then jobs are run in-process as a single map and reduce task. </description>
</property>

36. Formatting the HDFS filesystem via the NameNode
•The first step to starting up your Hadoop installation is formatting the Hadoop filesystem which is implemented on top of the local filesystem of your “cluster” (which includes only your local machine if you followed this tutorial). You need to do this the first time you set up a Hadoop cluster.
•Do not format a running Hadoop filesystem as you will lose all the data currently in the cluster (in HDFS)!
•To format the filesystem (which simply initializes the directory specified by the dfs.name.dir variable), run the command
hduser@ubuntu:~$ /usr/local/hadoop/bin/hadoop namenode -format

37. •The output will look like this:
hduser@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$ bin/hadoop namenode -format10/05/08 16:59:56 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNodeSTARTUP_MSG: host = ubuntu/127.0.1.1STARTUP_MSG: args = [- format]STARTUP_MSG: version = 0.20.2STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-0.20 -r 911707; compiled by 'chrisdo' on Fri Feb 19 08:07:34 UTC 2010************************************************************/10/05/08 16:59:56 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner=hduser,hadoop10/05/08 16:59:56 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup=supergroup10/05/08 16:59:56 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled=true10/05/08 16:59:56 INFO common.Storage: Image file of size 96 saved in 0 seconds.10/05/08 16:59:57 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory .../hadoop-hduser/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.10/05/08 16:59:57 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at ubuntu/127.0.1.1************************************************************/hduser@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$

38. Starting your single-node cluster
•Run the command:
hduser@ubuntu:~$ /usr/local/hadoop/bin/start-all.sh
•This will startup a Namenode, Datanode, Jobtracker and a Tasktracker on your machine.
•The output will look like this:

40. •A nifty tool for checking whether the expected Hadoop processes are running is jps (part of Sun’s Java since v1.5.0 or more).
hduser@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$ jps
•Stopping your single-node cluster
Run the command
hduser@ubuntu:~$ /usr/local/hadoop/bin/stop-all.sh
•to stop all the daemons running on your machine.

41. Hadoop Web Interfaces
•Hadoop comes with several web interfaces which are by default (see conf/hadoop-default.xml) available at these locations:
http://localhost:50070/ – web UI of the NameNode daemon
http://localhost:50030/ – web UI of the JobTracker daemon
http://localhost:50060/ – web UI of the TaskTracker daemon
•These web interfaces provide concise information about what’s happening in your Hadoop cluster. You might want to give them a try.
•Where
o50070- namenode port number
o50030-jobtracker port number
o50060-tasktracker port number
•Type the links In local browser to see the hadoop setup output