Blood and tissue haemophilia about haemoposis blood tissue management system platelets rbc WBC lymphocytes

1. Organs of Hematopoiesis &
Immunogenesis.
Morphological Characteristics.
Classification of Red & Yellow Marrow.
Thymus , Spleen , Lymph node.

3. HEMATOPOIESIS GENERAL
 Myeloid Tissue
 Bone marrow
 Erythrocytes
 Platelets
 Granulocyte
 Monocyte
 Lymphoid tissue
 Thymus , spleen , lymph node.

14. Bone marrow
 Structure
 Microscopic
 Less well defined than thymus
 Role of stromal cells
 Function
 Hematopoiesis
 B cell maturation
 B cell selection
 Puts out mature, naive B cells

18. Immunogenicity is the ability of a particular substance,
such as an antigen or epitope, to provoke an immune
response in the body of a human and other animal. In
other words, immunogenicity is the ability to induce
a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune responses.
Distinction is made between wanted and unwanted
immunogenicity:
Wanted immunogenicity is typically related with vaccines,
where the injection of an antigen (the vaccine) provokes
an immune response against the pathogen (virus,
bacteria...) aiming at protecting the organism. Vaccine
development is a complex multi-step process,
immunogenicity being at the center of vaccine efficacy.
IMMUNOGENESIS

19. Unwanted immunogenicity is an immune response
by an organism against a therapeutic antigen (ex.
recombinant protein, or monoclonal antibody). This
reaction leads to production of anti-drug-antibodies
(ADAs) inactivating the therapeutic effects of the
treatment and, in rare cases, inducing adverse
effects. A challenge in biotherapy is predicting the
immunogenic potential of novel protein
therapeutics.

20. Proteins are significantly more immunogenic
than polysaccharides. T cell response is required
to drive immunogenicity.
Since lipids and nucleic acids are non-
immunogenic haptens, they
require conjugation with an epitope such as a
protein or polysaccharide before they can evoke
an immunologic response.
Proteins or polysaccharides are used for studies of
humoral immune response.
Only proteins can serve as immunogens for cell-
mediated immunity

21. Lymphoid System
 Primary lymphoid organs
 Bone marrow
 Thymus
 Secondary lymphoid organs
 Organized
 Lymph nodes
 Spleen
 Less organized

23. Thymus
 Structure
 Gross
 Bi-lobed
 Lies above heart
 Microscopic
 Capsular
 Lobules with outer cortex and inner medulla

24. Thymus
 T cell selection
 Based on MHC/Ag complex recognition
 Recognize MHC/Non self AG complexes
 Recognize MHC/Self Ag complexes
 Do not recognize MHC/Ag complexes
 Athymic condition
 Natural
 Other

27. Lymph Nodes
 Structure
 Gross
 Bean-shaped structures
 Drains major segments of lymphatic system

28. Lymph Nodes
 Structure
 Microscopic
 Major cell types
 Lymphocytes
 Macrophages
 Dendritic cells
 Cortex/paracortex/medulla
 Follicles
 Primary
 Secondary

29. Lymph Nodes

30. Lymph Nodes

32. Spleen
 Structure
 Gross
 Ovoid organ in upper left quadrant of abdomen
 Microscopic
 Compartmentalized
 Red pulp
 White pulp
 Periarticualr lymphoid sheath
 Site of Ag presentation
 Major cell types
 Lymphocytes
 Macrophages
 Dendritic cells
 RBCs

34. Spleen

35. Spleen

36. Spleen

38. Draw in the album

41. Spleen