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1 of 10
Mintea ne pacaleste:
-Iluzii vizuale
-Amintiri nesigure
-Alegeri influentabile
Ratele de potentiali donatori de organe
din diferite tari europene in corelatie
cu optiunea opt-in/opt-out.
Preferintele pentru cele trei optiuni au
fost testate in prezenta si in absenta
optiunii “inutile” (print cu 125 USD).
I know one thing: that I know nothing.
Socrates
Ignorance more frequently begets
confidence than does knowledge.
Charles Darwin
The trouble with the world is that the stupid
are cocksure and the intelligent are full of
doubt.
Bertrand Russell
The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise
man knows himself to be a fool.
William Shakespeare
Metoda stiintifica e similara cu
diagnosticele diferentiale din
“House MD”
And now, a few quotes for your
Facebook wall:
Knowing how to think empowers
you far beyond those who know
only what to think.
Neil deGrasse Tyson
The presence of those seeking
the truth is infinitely to be
preferred to the presence of those
who think they found it.
Terry Pratchettt
If you open your mind too
much your brain will fall out.
Tim Minchin
And now, a few quotes for your
Facebook wall:
Knowing how to think empowers
you far beyond those who know
only what to think.
Neil deGrasse Tyson
The presence of those seeking
the truth is infinitely to be
preferred to the presence of those
who think they found it.
Terry Pratchettt
If you open your mind too
much your brain will fall out.
Tim Minchin

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Critical Thinking by Ada Roseti

  • 1.
  • 2. Mintea ne pacaleste: -Iluzii vizuale -Amintiri nesigure -Alegeri influentabile
  • 3.
  • 4. Ratele de potentiali donatori de organe din diferite tari europene in corelatie cu optiunea opt-in/opt-out.
  • 5. Preferintele pentru cele trei optiuni au fost testate in prezenta si in absenta optiunii “inutile” (print cu 125 USD).
  • 6.
  • 7. I know one thing: that I know nothing. Socrates Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge. Charles Darwin The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent are full of doubt. Bertrand Russell The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool. William Shakespeare
  • 8. Metoda stiintifica e similara cu diagnosticele diferentiale din “House MD”
  • 9. And now, a few quotes for your Facebook wall: Knowing how to think empowers you far beyond those who know only what to think. Neil deGrasse Tyson The presence of those seeking the truth is infinitely to be preferred to the presence of those who think they found it. Terry Pratchettt If you open your mind too much your brain will fall out. Tim Minchin
  • 10. And now, a few quotes for your Facebook wall: Knowing how to think empowers you far beyond those who know only what to think. Neil deGrasse Tyson The presence of those seeking the truth is infinitely to be preferred to the presence of those who think they found it. Terry Pratchettt If you open your mind too much your brain will fall out. Tim Minchin

Editor's Notes

  1. Intr-o época in care toata lumea vorbeste si cauta gandirea creativa, eu am ales va vorbesc despre ceva mult mai putin sexy: gandirea rationala, critica. Eu cred ca gandirea creativa, originalitatea, necontrolata de o gandire riguroasa, rationala, e complet inutila. Dupa cum spunea Tim Minchin, un ganditor celebru, “If you open your mind too much, your brain will fall out”.
  2. Cand spune toata lumea minte, House se refera la minciunile intentionate (secrete bine ascunse, omisiuni deliberate si asa mai departe), dar si la cele neintentionate. La erorile de memorie, la lucrurile pe care le trecem cu vederea, la rationalizarile post factum ale unor actiuni, la felul in care un doar memoria, dar si perceptia si judecata noastra pot fi pervertite. Cat de tare va bazati pe propriile observatii? Cat de important este sa “vedeti cu ochii vostri” un lucru? Cat de multa incredere aveti in corectitudinea lucrurilor pe care le-ati vazut? Cea mai simpla modalitate de a va submina aceasta incredere este sa va ofer niste iluzii vizuale. Stiti ca sunt iluzii, stiti cum functioneaza, si totusi creierul este pacalit de fiecare data de ele. Daca un proces atat de simplu ca interpretarea unei informatii vizuale poate fi pervertit de o serie de mici modificari, cat de probabil ca amintirea sau decizia, procese mult mai complexe, sa fie si ele pervertite, influentate de elemente de care un suntem constienti? Cat de probabil este ca memoria sa sufere si ea de iluzii? Sau procesul de luare a unei decizii?
  3. Din fericire un e nevoie sa fac eu aceasta explorare, psihologii, neurologii si o multime de alti logi au studiat subiectul in ultímele zeci de ani si au ajuns la niste concluzii interesante: Memoria un este de incredere; fiecare proces de reamintire a unui episod este, de fapt, o re-creere a acestuia din elemente disparate, multe dintre ele din alte momente sau locuri; amintirea este mai curand ca un schela care se ridica, din bucati, la fiecare reamintire, decat ca un DVD care poate pornit in orice moment, si arata la fel la fiecare randare Deciziile pe care le luam sunt influentate de “arhitectura ofertei”, un domeniu relativ nou, care fascineaza economistii si psihologii deopotriva: povestea cu procentele de donatori de organe (plus ajustarea disonantei cognitive – povestea care ne-o spunem cu privire la de ce)
  4. Cu cat stiu mai putine dintr-un domeniu (de bun simt), cu atat oamenii sunt mai convinsi ca stiu total. E o situatie de viata deseori intalnita, si de curand si investigata stiintific. Ea poarta numele de efect Dunning Kruger. Cei doi cercetatori au testat grupuri de studenti cu privire la abilitatile lor logice si i-au testat apoi. Graficul arata discrepanta dintre perceptia de sine a celor nepriceputi si realitate. Cu alte cuvinte Everybody lies, to themselves mai intai, to others dupa aceea.
  5. Dunning si Kruger au fost primii care au studiat acest efect in mod sistematic, dar constiinta existentei lui e prezenta pe tot parcursul istoriei.
  6. In concluzie, daca vederea, memoria, judecata ne inseala, ce putem face? Ne consolam sa traim intr-o lume a iluziilor, in care ce vedem, ce credem, ce facem este rodul intamplarii si al influentei (intentionate sau un) a altora? Primul pas este sa fii constient de aceste limitari. Dar, daca e sa ne intoarcem la House, mai avem o unealta. Va amintiti diagnosticele diferentiale din fiecare episod? Lista simptomelor, potentialele diagnostice, testare (analizele sunt bune, dar tratamentul e mai rapid), reconfigurarea listei de simptome si noi potentiale diagnostice etc. Ce face House aici e un proces care, in cercurile academice si in lumea elevata a oamenilor de stiinta, se numeste “metoda stiintifica”. Cand acelasi tip de judecata e aplicata in viata de fiecare zi, practic devine un element din ceea ce se numeste in mod pompos gandire critica.
  7. Daca as vrea sa tineti minte ceva: - metoda stiintifica e cea care a adus societatea la nivelul de azi (iPhone, web-cloud, TGV, smart car etc) - metoda stiintifica si gandirea critica sunt antrenamente pentru o viata mai buna si pot fi aplicate de oricine cu un minim de cunostinte si onestitate - e posibil sa nu fim atat de buni pe cat ne credem, mai ales in domeniile in care nu ne-am pregatit suficient (mii de ore de practica si feedback organizat), dar sa fim mai buni decat credem in domeniile de expertiza - nu va certati niciodata cu un amator in domeniul in care sunteti experti: o sa va nauceasca cu certitudinile lui absurde si nu o sa inteleaga nimic din argumentele logice pe care i le oferiti; mai bine incepeti, in mod elegant si ne-competitiv, sa-i deschideti ochii; e posibil ca in cateva luni sa va spuna "am fost un idiot"