1. English Phonology
4.1 The Larynx
4.2 Respiration and Voicing
By:
Annisa Septiawati (201212501143)
Dian Mispraptiwi (201212501150)

2. The Larynx
The Larynx commonly called the voice box.
The Larynx in the production of speech sounds.
Larynx is in the neck. Its main structure is cartilage.

3. Cartilages
Unpaired cartilages:
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis
Paired cartilages:
Arytenoid cartilages
Corniculate cartilages
Cuneiform cartilages

5. Muscles
The muscles of the larynx are divided
into intrinsic and extrinsic muscles.

6. Respiration and Voicing
• Respiration is the process of oxygen uptake and
carbon dioxide in order to obtain the
expenditure of energy.
• The process of respiration passes through two
stages of external respiration and internal
respiration.

7. Coherently human respiration
pathway is as follows:

8. Voicing
• Voice or voicing is a term used
in phonetics and phonology to
characterize speech sounds, with sounds
described as either voiceless (unvoiced)
or voiced.

9. Voicing contrast in English fricatives
Articulation Voiceless Voiced
Pronounced with the lower lip against the teeth: [f] (fan) [v] (van)
Pronounced with the tongue against the teeth: [θ] (thin, thigh) [ð] (then, thy)
Pronounced with the tongue near the gums: [s] (sip) [z] (zip)
Pronounced with the tongue bunched up: [ʃ] (Confucian) [ʒ] (confusion)

10. Voicing contrast in English stops
Articulation Unvoiced Voiced
Pronounced with the lips closed: [p] (pin) [b] (bin)
Pronounced with the tongue near the gums: [t] (ten) [d] (den)
Pronounced with the tongue bunched up: [tʃ] (chin) [dʒ] (gin)
Pronounced with the back of the tongue against the
palate:
[k] (coat) [ɡ] (goat)