SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 35
FIFA
&
FUTURE PROSPECTS OF FOOTBALL
IN
PAKISTAN

1
SOCCER, IS A SPORT PLAYED BETWEEN TWO TEAMS OF ELEVEN PLAYERS WITH
A SPHERICAL BALL. THE OBJECT OF THE GAME IS TO GET THE FOOTBALL INTO
THE OPPOSING GOAL.

FIFA & future prospects of football in Pakistan

2
GOVERNED INTERNATIONALLY BY THE FIFA; FRENCH: FÉDÉRATION
INTERNATIONALE DE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION. WHICH ORGANISES A WORLD CUP
EVERY FOUR YEARS.

FIFA & future prospects of football in Pakistan

3
AIM

To acquaint student offrs with FIFA, its structure
and furture prospects of football in Pakistan

FIFA & future prospects of football in Pakistan

4
SEQUENCE

FIFA & future prospects of football in Pakistan

5
HISTORY
OF
FIFA & FOOTBALL

Part 1-History of FIFA & football

6
EVERY CORNER OF GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY.
CHINESE PLAYED "FOOTBALL" GAMES; 3000 YEARS AGO

Part 1-History of football
History of FIFA &FIFA & football

7
MOB SOCCER; TEAMS COULD HAVE UNLIMITED PLAYERS; KICK THE
BALL TOWARDS SPECIFIC LANDMARKS, AND DEFEND THEIR OWN.
BALL WAS MADE OUT OF INFLATED PIGS' BLADDERS, OR LEATHER SKINS

Part 1-History of football
History of FIFA &FIFA & football

8
KEEP YOUNG BOYS FIT; IDEA OF ORGANIZED
TOURNAMENT SPARKED IN THE 19TH CENTURY.
1862, COBB MORLEY,FORMED A SEMI-PROFESSIONAL
SOCCER CLUB CALLED THE BARNES CLUB

Part 1-History of football
History of FIFA &FIFA & football

9
FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION;
209 NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, HEADQUARTERS IN ZURICH.
CURRENT PRESIDENT SEPP BLATTER;
EVERY 4 YEARS WORLD CUP

Part 1-History of football
History of FIFA &FIFA & football

10
FIFA WAS FOUNDED IN PARIS ON 21 MAY 1904; FIRST
PRESIDENT OF FIFA WAS ROBERT GUÉRIN;PAKISTAN
JOINED IN EARLY 1948

Part 1-History of football
History of FIFA &FIFA & football

11
STRUCTURE
OF
FIFA

Part 2- Structure of FIFA

12
FIFA IS AN ASSOCIATION ESTABLISHED UNDER THE LAWS OF
SWITZERLAND. SIX CONFEDERATIONS RECOGNISED BY FIFA
WHICH OVERSEE THE GAME IN THE DIFFERENT CONTINENTS

Part 2- Structure of FIFA

13
AFC – Asian Football Confederation

Part 2- Structure of FIFA

17
CAF - Confederation of African Football

Part 2- Structure of FIFA

16
CONCACAF – Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean
Association Football

Part 2- Structure of FIFA

18
CONMEBOL – Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol

Part 2- Structure of FIFA

15
OFC – Oceania Football Confederation

Part 2- Structure of FIFA

19
UEFA – Union of European Football Associations

Part 2- Structure of FIFA

14
RULES OF THE GAME

Part 3-Rules of the game

21
ELEVEN PLAYERS
GOALKEEPERS
NINETY MINUTES

Part 3-Rules of the game
History of FIFA & football

10
KIT
SUBSTITUTES
REFEREE

Part 3-Rules of the game

10
GOAL
PENALTY KICK
CORNER KICK

Part 3-Rules of the game
FOUL

Part 3-Rules of the game
THE FOOTBALL
Part 3-Rules of the game
THE FOOTBALL GROUND
Part 3-Rules of the game
FOOTBALL
IN
PAKISTAN

Part 4-Football in Pakistan

21
THE HISTORY OF FOOTBALL IN PAKISTAN IS AS OLD AS THE COUNTRY ITSELF.
QUAID-I-AZAM MOHAMMAD ALI JINNAH, FATHER OF THE NATION, WAS
GRACIOUSLY PLEASED TO BECOME ITS PATRON-IN-CHIEF AND
PAKISTAN FOOTBALL FEDERATION WAS RECOGNISED BY FIFA IN EARLY 1948

Part 4-Football in Pakistan

10
FIRST NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP IN 1948 AT KARACHI.
1950 IRAN
1954 MANILA
1958 TOKYO ASIAN GAMES

Part 4-Football in Pakistan
NON REGULAR PARTICIPATION
EXCITING SPECTACLE
STANDARD GONE DOWN IN RECENT YEARS

Part 4-Football in Pakistan
RECOMMENDATIONS

Part 5 - Recommendations
RECOMMENDATIONS
• District / Division level football grounds to be provided with adequate
facilities.
• PFF to talent hunt via provincial coordination.
• Federal Govt to fund the PFF and football assosiations adequately
enough.
• All private / govt schools be encouraged to enhance facilities and
recognize the sport.
• Provide extensive media coverage to PFF matches/leagues.

• Govt to build bigger and better stadiums to attract spectators for all
walks of life.
• Army to build atleast one central football world class facility to
encourage the growth of the sport.

• Units to regularly organize matches ; Div level competitions to be held
more often and attractive players to be further polished.

Part 5 - Recommendations
CONCL

Part 5 - Concl
….Football is a sport worshipped by billions, a sport
which our youth already loves, all we need is to
give them right direction , better opportunities , not
just for their bright future but to touch new
horizons of sky and bring fame and respect for this
nation of ours.

More Related Content

What's hot

Evolution of Pakistan's Foreign Policy (1947 2012)
Evolution of Pakistan's Foreign Policy (1947 2012)Evolution of Pakistan's Foreign Policy (1947 2012)
Evolution of Pakistan's Foreign Policy (1947 2012)
Evan Pathiratne
 

What's hot (20)

Evolution of Pakistan's Foreign Policy (1947 2012)
Evolution of Pakistan's Foreign Policy (1947 2012)Evolution of Pakistan's Foreign Policy (1947 2012)
Evolution of Pakistan's Foreign Policy (1947 2012)
 
Lucknow pact
Lucknow pactLucknow pact
Lucknow pact
 
Pak china relations
Pak china relationsPak china relations
Pak china relations
 
Zia ul Haq Regime
Zia ul Haq  Regime Zia ul Haq  Regime
Zia ul Haq Regime
 
Fourteen points of jinnah
Fourteen points of jinnahFourteen points of jinnah
Fourteen points of jinnah
 
Law of Pakistan And Its Sources
Law of  Pakistan And Its SourcesLaw of  Pakistan And Its Sources
Law of Pakistan And Its Sources
 
1973 constitution
1973 constitution1973 constitution
1973 constitution
 
Partition of Bengal Presented by Mirza Husnain
Partition of Bengal Presented by Mirza HusnainPartition of Bengal Presented by Mirza Husnain
Partition of Bengal Presented by Mirza Husnain
 
Zulfikar ali bhutto
Zulfikar ali bhuttoZulfikar ali bhutto
Zulfikar ali bhutto
 
General Muhammad Zia Ul Haq - Dictatorship in Pakistan
General Muhammad Zia Ul Haq - Dictatorship in PakistanGeneral Muhammad Zia Ul Haq - Dictatorship in Pakistan
General Muhammad Zia Ul Haq - Dictatorship in Pakistan
 
Pak STUDIES
Pak STUDIESPak STUDIES
Pak STUDIES
 
Quaid E Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Quaid E Azam  Muhammad Ali   JinnahQuaid E Azam  Muhammad Ali   Jinnah
Quaid E Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
 
BASIC PRINCIPLE COMMITTEE.pptx
BASIC PRINCIPLE COMMITTEE.pptxBASIC PRINCIPLE COMMITTEE.pptx
BASIC PRINCIPLE COMMITTEE.pptx
 
Zia ul Haq.pptx
Zia ul Haq.pptxZia ul Haq.pptx
Zia ul Haq.pptx
 
Lecture 17 ayub khan period (1958 1969) - copy
Lecture 17 ayub khan period (1958 1969) - copyLecture 17 ayub khan period (1958 1969) - copy
Lecture 17 ayub khan period (1958 1969) - copy
 
General ayoub khan and its constitution 1962
General ayoub khan and its constitution 1962General ayoub khan and its constitution 1962
General ayoub khan and its constitution 1962
 
Role of islam in Pakistan.
Role of islam in Pakistan. Role of islam in Pakistan.
Role of islam in Pakistan.
 
1962 constitution
1962 constitution1962 constitution
1962 constitution
 
STRUGGLE FOR PAKISTAN AFTER INDIAN REVOLT
STRUGGLE FOR PAKISTAN AFTER INDIAN REVOLT STRUGGLE FOR PAKISTAN AFTER INDIAN REVOLT
STRUGGLE FOR PAKISTAN AFTER INDIAN REVOLT
 
Quaid e azam
Quaid e azamQuaid e azam
Quaid e azam
 

Viewers also liked (8)

Information Design Process
Information Design ProcessInformation Design Process
Information Design Process
 
Women pro soccer case study solution-atul & group group
Women pro soccer case study solution-atul & group groupWomen pro soccer case study solution-atul & group group
Women pro soccer case study solution-atul & group group
 
Soccer Interactive Community Club Presentation
Soccer Interactive Community Club PresentationSoccer Interactive Community Club Presentation
Soccer Interactive Community Club Presentation
 
Sports achievement of pakistan
Sports achievement of pakistanSports achievement of pakistan
Sports achievement of pakistan
 
Manchester united soccer club
Manchester united soccer club Manchester united soccer club
Manchester united soccer club
 
Charger Soccer Club Power Point Presentation
Charger Soccer Club Power Point PresentationCharger Soccer Club Power Point Presentation
Charger Soccer Club Power Point Presentation
 
DYSC / Florida Blue strategic plan
DYSC / Florida Blue strategic planDYSC / Florida Blue strategic plan
DYSC / Florida Blue strategic plan
 
Soccer coach attributes
Soccer coach attributesSoccer coach attributes
Soccer coach attributes
 

Similar to Football in pakistan (6)

Football Tournament Detailed information about times, and venues.pdf
Football Tournament Detailed information about times, and venues.pdfFootball Tournament Detailed information about times, and venues.pdf
Football Tournament Detailed information about times, and venues.pdf
 
Football
FootballFootball
Football
 
Historical development of football by satyadev singh rawat (Delhi)
Historical development of football by satyadev singh rawat (Delhi)Historical development of football by satyadev singh rawat (Delhi)
Historical development of football by satyadev singh rawat (Delhi)
 
University of sargodha
University of sargodhaUniversity of sargodha
University of sargodha
 
Why is the World Cup Every 4 Years_ Exploring the Timing.pdf
Why is the World Cup Every 4 Years_ Exploring the Timing.pdfWhy is the World Cup Every 4 Years_ Exploring the Timing.pdf
Why is the World Cup Every 4 Years_ Exploring the Timing.pdf
 
football-220215041341.pptx
football-220215041341.pptxfootball-220215041341.pptx
football-220215041341.pptx
 

Recently uploaded

Asli Kala jadu, Black magic specialist in Pakistan Or Kala jadu expert in Egy...
Asli Kala jadu, Black magic specialist in Pakistan Or Kala jadu expert in Egy...Asli Kala jadu, Black magic specialist in Pakistan Or Kala jadu expert in Egy...
Asli Kala jadu, Black magic specialist in Pakistan Or Kala jadu expert in Egy...
baharayali
 
+971565801893>>SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHAB...
+971565801893>>SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHAB...+971565801893>>SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHAB...
+971565801893>>SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHAB...
Health
 

Recently uploaded (20)

WhatsApp Chat: 📞 8617697112 Birbhum Call Girl available for hotel room package
WhatsApp Chat: 📞 8617697112 Birbhum  Call Girl available for hotel room packageWhatsApp Chat: 📞 8617697112 Birbhum  Call Girl available for hotel room package
WhatsApp Chat: 📞 8617697112 Birbhum Call Girl available for hotel room package
 
UEFA Euro 2024 Squad Check-in Who is Most Favorite.docx
UEFA Euro 2024 Squad Check-in Who is Most Favorite.docxUEFA Euro 2024 Squad Check-in Who is Most Favorite.docx
UEFA Euro 2024 Squad Check-in Who is Most Favorite.docx
 
Asli Kala jadu, Black magic specialist in Pakistan Or Kala jadu expert in Egy...
Asli Kala jadu, Black magic specialist in Pakistan Or Kala jadu expert in Egy...Asli Kala jadu, Black magic specialist in Pakistan Or Kala jadu expert in Egy...
Asli Kala jadu, Black magic specialist in Pakistan Or Kala jadu expert in Egy...
 
European Football Icons that Missed Opportunities at UEFA Euro 2024.docx
European Football Icons that Missed Opportunities at UEFA Euro 2024.docxEuropean Football Icons that Missed Opportunities at UEFA Euro 2024.docx
European Football Icons that Missed Opportunities at UEFA Euro 2024.docx
 
Croatia vs Italy Euro Cup 2024 Three pitfalls for Spalletti’s Italy in Group ...
Croatia vs Italy Euro Cup 2024 Three pitfalls for Spalletti’s Italy in Group ...Croatia vs Italy Euro Cup 2024 Three pitfalls for Spalletti’s Italy in Group ...
Croatia vs Italy Euro Cup 2024 Three pitfalls for Spalletti’s Italy in Group ...
 
JORNADA 5 LIGA MURO 2024INSUGURACION.pdf
JORNADA 5 LIGA MURO 2024INSUGURACION.pdfJORNADA 5 LIGA MURO 2024INSUGURACION.pdf
JORNADA 5 LIGA MURO 2024INSUGURACION.pdf
 
Slovenia Vs Serbia UEFA Euro 2024 Fixture Guide Every Fixture Detailed.docx
Slovenia Vs Serbia UEFA Euro 2024 Fixture Guide Every Fixture Detailed.docxSlovenia Vs Serbia UEFA Euro 2024 Fixture Guide Every Fixture Detailed.docx
Slovenia Vs Serbia UEFA Euro 2024 Fixture Guide Every Fixture Detailed.docx
 
Spain Vs Albania- Spain at risk of being thrown out of Euro 2024 with Tournam...
Spain Vs Albania- Spain at risk of being thrown out of Euro 2024 with Tournam...Spain Vs Albania- Spain at risk of being thrown out of Euro 2024 with Tournam...
Spain Vs Albania- Spain at risk of being thrown out of Euro 2024 with Tournam...
 
+971565801893>>SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHAB...
+971565801893>>SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHAB...+971565801893>>SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHAB...
+971565801893>>SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHAB...
 
Ramban Escorts ☎️8617697112 Starting From 5K to 15K High Profile Escorts In...
Ramban  Escorts ☎️8617697112  Starting From 5K to 15K High Profile Escorts In...Ramban  Escorts ☎️8617697112  Starting From 5K to 15K High Profile Escorts In...
Ramban Escorts ☎️8617697112 Starting From 5K to 15K High Profile Escorts In...
 
Spain Vs Italy Spain to be banned from participating in Euro 2024.docx
Spain Vs Italy Spain to be banned from participating in Euro 2024.docxSpain Vs Italy Spain to be banned from participating in Euro 2024.docx
Spain Vs Italy Spain to be banned from participating in Euro 2024.docx
 
Muzaffarpur Call Girls 🥰 8617370543 Service Offer VIP Hot Model
Muzaffarpur Call Girls 🥰 8617370543 Service Offer VIP Hot ModelMuzaffarpur Call Girls 🥰 8617370543 Service Offer VIP Hot Model
Muzaffarpur Call Girls 🥰 8617370543 Service Offer VIP Hot Model
 
Netherlands Players expected to miss UEFA Euro 2024 due to injury.docx
Netherlands Players expected to miss UEFA Euro 2024 due to injury.docxNetherlands Players expected to miss UEFA Euro 2024 due to injury.docx
Netherlands Players expected to miss UEFA Euro 2024 due to injury.docx
 
Albania Vs Spain South American coaches lead Albania to Euro 2024 spot.docx
Albania Vs Spain South American coaches lead Albania to Euro 2024 spot.docxAlbania Vs Spain South American coaches lead Albania to Euro 2024 spot.docx
Albania Vs Spain South American coaches lead Albania to Euro 2024 spot.docx
 
2k Shots ≽ 9205541914 ≼ Call Girls In Sheikh Sarai (Delhi)
2k Shots ≽ 9205541914 ≼ Call Girls In Sheikh Sarai (Delhi)2k Shots ≽ 9205541914 ≼ Call Girls In Sheikh Sarai (Delhi)
2k Shots ≽ 9205541914 ≼ Call Girls In Sheikh Sarai (Delhi)
 
Who Is Emmanuel Katto Uganda? His Career, personal life etc.
Who Is Emmanuel Katto Uganda? His Career, personal life etc.Who Is Emmanuel Katto Uganda? His Career, personal life etc.
Who Is Emmanuel Katto Uganda? His Career, personal life etc.
 
Sector 62, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Model Escorts | 100% verified
Sector 62, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Model Escorts | 100% verifiedSector 62, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Model Escorts | 100% verified
Sector 62, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Model Escorts | 100% verified
 
Unveiling the Mystery of Main Bazar Chart
Unveiling the Mystery of Main Bazar ChartUnveiling the Mystery of Main Bazar Chart
Unveiling the Mystery of Main Bazar Chart
 
UEFA Euro 2024 Squad Check-in Which team is Top favorite.docx
UEFA Euro 2024 Squad Check-in Which team is Top favorite.docxUEFA Euro 2024 Squad Check-in Which team is Top favorite.docx
UEFA Euro 2024 Squad Check-in Which team is Top favorite.docx
 
Italy vs Albania Italy Euro 2024 squad Luciano Spalletti's full team ahead of...
Italy vs Albania Italy Euro 2024 squad Luciano Spalletti's full team ahead of...Italy vs Albania Italy Euro 2024 squad Luciano Spalletti's full team ahead of...
Italy vs Albania Italy Euro 2024 squad Luciano Spalletti's full team ahead of...
 

Football in pakistan

  • 1. FIFA & FUTURE PROSPECTS OF FOOTBALL IN PAKISTAN 1
  • 2.
  • 3. SOCCER, IS A SPORT PLAYED BETWEEN TWO TEAMS OF ELEVEN PLAYERS WITH A SPHERICAL BALL. THE OBJECT OF THE GAME IS TO GET THE FOOTBALL INTO THE OPPOSING GOAL. FIFA & future prospects of football in Pakistan 2
  • 4. GOVERNED INTERNATIONALLY BY THE FIFA; FRENCH: FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION. WHICH ORGANISES A WORLD CUP EVERY FOUR YEARS. FIFA & future prospects of football in Pakistan 3
  • 5. AIM To acquaint student offrs with FIFA, its structure and furture prospects of football in Pakistan FIFA & future prospects of football in Pakistan 4
  • 6. SEQUENCE FIFA & future prospects of football in Pakistan 5
  • 7. HISTORY OF FIFA & FOOTBALL Part 1-History of FIFA & football 6
  • 8. EVERY CORNER OF GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. CHINESE PLAYED "FOOTBALL" GAMES; 3000 YEARS AGO Part 1-History of football History of FIFA &FIFA & football 7
  • 9. MOB SOCCER; TEAMS COULD HAVE UNLIMITED PLAYERS; KICK THE BALL TOWARDS SPECIFIC LANDMARKS, AND DEFEND THEIR OWN. BALL WAS MADE OUT OF INFLATED PIGS' BLADDERS, OR LEATHER SKINS Part 1-History of football History of FIFA &FIFA & football 8
  • 10. KEEP YOUNG BOYS FIT; IDEA OF ORGANIZED TOURNAMENT SPARKED IN THE 19TH CENTURY. 1862, COBB MORLEY,FORMED A SEMI-PROFESSIONAL SOCCER CLUB CALLED THE BARNES CLUB Part 1-History of football History of FIFA &FIFA & football 9
  • 11. FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION; 209 NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, HEADQUARTERS IN ZURICH. CURRENT PRESIDENT SEPP BLATTER; EVERY 4 YEARS WORLD CUP Part 1-History of football History of FIFA &FIFA & football 10
  • 12. FIFA WAS FOUNDED IN PARIS ON 21 MAY 1904; FIRST PRESIDENT OF FIFA WAS ROBERT GUÉRIN;PAKISTAN JOINED IN EARLY 1948 Part 1-History of football History of FIFA &FIFA & football 11
  • 14. FIFA IS AN ASSOCIATION ESTABLISHED UNDER THE LAWS OF SWITZERLAND. SIX CONFEDERATIONS RECOGNISED BY FIFA WHICH OVERSEE THE GAME IN THE DIFFERENT CONTINENTS Part 2- Structure of FIFA 13
  • 15. AFC – Asian Football Confederation Part 2- Structure of FIFA 17
  • 16. CAF - Confederation of African Football Part 2- Structure of FIFA 16
  • 17. CONCACAF – Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football Part 2- Structure of FIFA 18
  • 18. CONMEBOL – Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol Part 2- Structure of FIFA 15
  • 19. OFC – Oceania Football Confederation Part 2- Structure of FIFA 19
  • 20. UEFA – Union of European Football Associations Part 2- Structure of FIFA 14
  • 21. RULES OF THE GAME Part 3-Rules of the game 21
  • 22. ELEVEN PLAYERS GOALKEEPERS NINETY MINUTES Part 3-Rules of the game History of FIFA & football 10
  • 24. GOAL PENALTY KICK CORNER KICK Part 3-Rules of the game
  • 27. THE FOOTBALL GROUND Part 3-Rules of the game
  • 29. THE HISTORY OF FOOTBALL IN PAKISTAN IS AS OLD AS THE COUNTRY ITSELF. QUAID-I-AZAM MOHAMMAD ALI JINNAH, FATHER OF THE NATION, WAS GRACIOUSLY PLEASED TO BECOME ITS PATRON-IN-CHIEF AND PAKISTAN FOOTBALL FEDERATION WAS RECOGNISED BY FIFA IN EARLY 1948 Part 4-Football in Pakistan 10
  • 30. FIRST NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP IN 1948 AT KARACHI. 1950 IRAN 1954 MANILA 1958 TOKYO ASIAN GAMES Part 4-Football in Pakistan
  • 31. NON REGULAR PARTICIPATION EXCITING SPECTACLE STANDARD GONE DOWN IN RECENT YEARS Part 4-Football in Pakistan
  • 32. RECOMMENDATIONS Part 5 - Recommendations
  • 33. RECOMMENDATIONS • District / Division level football grounds to be provided with adequate facilities. • PFF to talent hunt via provincial coordination. • Federal Govt to fund the PFF and football assosiations adequately enough. • All private / govt schools be encouraged to enhance facilities and recognize the sport. • Provide extensive media coverage to PFF matches/leagues. • Govt to build bigger and better stadiums to attract spectators for all walks of life. • Army to build atleast one central football world class facility to encourage the growth of the sport. • Units to regularly organize matches ; Div level competitions to be held more often and attractive players to be further polished. Part 5 - Recommendations
  • 34. CONCL Part 5 - Concl
  • 35. ….Football is a sport worshipped by billions, a sport which our youth already loves, all we need is to give them right direction , better opportunities , not just for their bright future but to touch new horizons of sky and bring fame and respect for this nation of ours.