1. Dr. Y. VISHNU VARDHAN
1st Year PG
Dept. Of Community Medicine.
2. Contents
Introduction
History of Public Health
Phases of Public Health
Recent advances in Public Health
Achievements in Public Health
Notable Figures in Public Health
References
5. Book of Levictus- 1st health Code
15thCentury BC Early Egyptians used Sedimentation Apparatus
to remove suspended solids
400 BC Romans Engineered Safe water delivery systems-
Roman Aqueducts
Wick siphon method
Roman aqueduct
Medieval Times
Theory Of Miasma
6. Hippocrates’ Treatise Airs, Waters and Places
served as a template for relationships b/n
Places, health and disease.
Black Death (Bubonic Plague) in Europe
- 14th Century AD.
Removing Dead Bodies.
Burning Cities (Killing Rat Fleas).
Prevented the Spread Of Infection.
7. Modern Public Health
Industrial Revolution of 1829 in Europe- worsened the Living
conditions, and the need for Public Health Legislation Increased.
Sir Edwin Chadwick – Sanitary Reforms and Poor Law Commission.
PUBLIC HEALTH ACT, 1848
8. 1
Polluted Water
Pump in Broad
street is the Reason
for Cholera
OutBreak.(1854)
- John Snow
2
3
Spot map
First one to Use a
Spot Map for Cholera.
Father of
Epidemiology.
Believed in Germ
Theory of disease.
WILLIAM BUDD- Concluded that Drinking water
contamination is the reason for Typhoid outbreak
9.
10. 1. DISEASE CONTROL PHASE
1880- 1920
Massachusetts & Shattuck’s Report;
Review of sanitation Practices.
Controlling Man’s Physical Environment.
Lemaul Shattuck
Robert Koch Louis Pasteur
Ronald Ross Joseph Lister
11. 2. HEALTH PROMOTIONAL PHASE
1920-1960
A New goal of Health Promotion was added to Public Health services.
It led to two great movements.
Basic Health Services
PHCs and Sub centers were
Established.(Bhore Committee)
Highly Successful- Rural
Population benefitted a lot.
Community Development
Programme
For Village Development
through active community
Participation.
Failure- Due to Inadequate
Resources.
12. 3. SOCIAL ENGINEERING PHASE
(1960-1980)
Social and Behavioral aspects of Disease and Health were
Prioritized to lessen Chronic Diseases burden on the society.
The Concept of Risk Factors came into Existence.
13. 4. HEALTH FOR ALL PHASE
1980-2000 AD
A Health Gap between Rich& Poor, Within and In-between
Countries was Realized upon the release of John Bryant’s book
“Health and the Developing World”
HEALTH FOR ALL
In the year 1981,WHO pledged to Provide Health
for All by the year 2000.
14. In order to eliminate Inequalities in health care, the Three-
Tier system of Health Care was implemented.
WHO focused on Millennium Development goals:
15.
16. EBOLA
HIV
SARS
DISASTERS
Challenges Confronted
by Public Health
Epidemiological Transition
Demographic Transition
Environmental Changes
Challenges Confronted
by Public Health
17. Modern Public Health advocates in enhancing Inter-Sectoral
& Inter-Disciplinary Education and training.
Sub-Fields of Public Health are:
Epidemiology
Biostatistics
Environmental health
Behavioural Health
Occupational Health
18. Public Health operated in several ways, Implementing
Various New Programmes.
ICDS
1975
NRHM
RNTCP
UIP
2005
1992
1985
19. To Overcome Political, Economic and Social Obstacles-
A New Movement called PUBLIC HEALTH 2.0 came
forward.
This aims to make field make more accessible to
general public and more User-Driven.
It works by reaching out through Social media
and Health blogs.
Using Twitter, researchers were able to predict
influenza in their population. The red line is
predicted rates, the black line is the actual
rate. The vertical line separates training from
predicted data.
20. ACHIEVEMENTS OF PUBLIC HEALTH
CDC states that- Public Health is credited with adding 25 years to the
Life expectancy of People in United states.
Top ten Greatest Achievements of pubic health in 20th Century are:
Immunizations
Motor-Vehicle
Safety
Family Planning
Healthier Mother
And Child
Tobacco as
health Hazard
Workplace Safety
Decline in Heart
Ds and Stroke
Safe &healthier
Foods
Fluoridation of H2O
Control of Infections
21. Other Notable figures in Public Health
Edward Jenner Walter Reed Alexander Fleming
Florence Nightingale Salk & Sabin Bernardino Ramazzini
