Magarpatta Nova Elegance Mundhwa Pune E-Brochure.pdf
UNL Organic research 2010
1. Organic Farming Project
University of Nebraska
http://organic.unl.edu
High Plains Ag Lab – Sidney
2. Cover Crop Research Plots
Haskell Ag Lab - Concord
Charles Shapiro Stevan Knezevic
3. Improving Organic Farming Systems across
Nebraska Agroecoregions
Cooperating organizations: OCIA, NSAS, Grain Place Foods Inc., Nebraska Indian Community
College, CFRA, Disney Farms, Nissen Brothers Vineyards
5. 1. Overview of organic research in Nebraska
(Charles Shapiro)
2. Improving propane flamers for weed control in organic
farming (Stevan Knezevic)
3. Organic winter wheat improvement for organic
farming (Richard Little)
4. Biological diversity and the Healthy Farm Index
(John Quinn)
3. Extension’s role working with the organic community
(Elizabeth Sarno)
6. Nebraska Organic Working Group
Implementation Grant (2006-2010): Charles Shapiro, James
Brandle, Chuck Francis, Steven Knezevic, Drew Lyon,
Elizabeth Sarno, Robert Wright, Ron Johnson, John Quinn
Organic Wheat Grant (2007-2011): Stephen Baenziger,
Richard Little, Vicki Schlegel, Rolando Flores, Stephen
Wegulo, Randy Wehling, Gary Hein, Teshome Regassa
Organic Practices and Bioconservation Grant (2009-2012):
Charles Wortmann, Gary Hergert, Richard Ferguson, Mark
Bernards, Dipak Santra
7. Implementation Grant Objectives:
1.Create a network of organically, certified areas
across Nebraska
– Certify land as organic at four research stations
Agriculture Research Development Center – Mead
Haskell Ag Lab – Concord
South Central Ag Lab –Clay Center
High Plains Ag Lab - Sidney
– Create opportunity for other faculty to use organic
acres
– Work with cooperating farmers to identify key issues
– Develop methods to assess environmental concerns
using indicators of wildlife diversity
8. Implementation Grant Objectives:
2. Improve organic production through
focused research
– Evaluate crop cultivars
– Enhance organic methods for weed
management
– Test alternative crops, management options,
and soil fertility strategies for organic
production systems
9. John Quinn, Jim Brandle, Ron Johnson
UNL, School of Natural Resources
http://hfi.unl.edu/
The “Healthy Farm Index” to assess and communicate
how land-use and land-cover patterns influence
biodiversity, production, and other ecosystem services.
10. Implementation Grant Objectives
3. Extend results to the public, and institutionalize
organic farming principles in resident instruction.
—Integrate results from organic research into the
classroom.
—Teach principles and practical knowledge to
students help them envision diversified agricultural
systems.
— Include producers in the planning and
summarization field demonstrations.
—Provide guidance to Extension.
11. Organic Wheat Grant: Developing Small Grains
Cultivars and Systems Optimally Suited for
Organic Production
1. State Variety Trials with criteria for organic wheat
market
• Competitiveness against disease, weeds
• Baking qualities
2. Cropping System Trials
• Rotations to fit into eastern Nebraska
• Cover crops after wheat
• Timing of manure and top dressed N
3. Flaming Trials
12. Organic Practices and Bioconservation Grant
1. Provide research based organic farming system information
on:
Nutrient management
Evaluate nutrient balances on organic farms
Weed control
Evaluate flaming in relationship to other organic weed
control methods
2. Continue Healthy Farm Index
- Determine relationship between organic farming and
bird breeding success
- Monitor long term ecological impact of organic farms
- Incorporate production information into Healthy Farm
Index
13. Determine the effects of organic farming practices
in Nebraska on antioxidant agents present in
plants as means to optimize the health
promoting properties of our commodities.
Organize three on-farm research groups
Conduct trials of their choosing
Develop research capacity of organic farmers
Locate 16 nutrient/weed management trials
on organic farms
14. Importance of Developing Partnerships
OCIA Research and Education (OCIA R&E) their mission
is to support farmer driven research, on farm and at research
institutions. OCIA R&E helped with the certification costs and
our research appears in their workshops and publications:
http://www.ocia.org/RE/RandEBoard.aspx
Nebraska Sustainable Ag Society (NSAS) cooperator -
provides updates on our projects and research results to
farmers through the NSAS newsletter and at the Rural
Advantage/Healthy Farms Conference
http://www.nebsusag.org/
Organic Farmer Advisor Committee provide guidance
on research ideas and review projects to assure organic
farmers’ production needs are being addressed.
17. “Our Flaming Team”
• Agronomy Department & Haskell Agricultural Lab:
– Dr. Stevan Knezevic & Dr. Jon Scott (Weed Technologist)
– Santiago Ulloa (PhD student) & Dr. Avishek Datta (Post Doc)
– Heverton Teixiere, Andray Domingous, Claudio Costa, Jaymo Nato, Sidnei
(Brazil)
– Pierre Marteau (France), Robert Leskovsek (Slovenia), Dr. Goran Malidza
(Serbia)
• Department of Mechanical Engineering:
– Dr. George Gogos and Chris Bruening (PhD student)
– Brian Nelson, Jared Miller and Dustin Simpson
• Organic producers: Mike Ostry, Larry Stanislav, Randy Fendrich,
Gerald Humlicek, Paul and Dan Huenefeld , Mark Ramaeker
18. How flaming
works ?
• Thermal energy transfer from the flames to the leaf
– ~ 50˚C coagulates proteins
– ~ 100˚C (220F) for only 0.1 second = water boiling
– ~ 500˚C for only 0.1 second = cell membrane bursts
– Cell water evaporates, tissue injury or plant dead
– Temperature of the flame ranges from 500 - 1200 C
21. Several Objectives:
1. To describe PROPANE DOSE RESPONSE CURVES for selected
crop and weed species as influenced by the flaming time (plant
size).
2. To select PROPANE dose from the curve to:
- control the weeds
- offset its competitive ability against crop
26. Weed control with broadcast flaming
• Level of weed control increased with an increase in
propane dose
• Grasses were harder to control than broadleaf species
– Likely due to growing point position at the time of flaming
• Propane doses of 40-100 kg/ha (8-20GPA) provided a
90% control of most broadleaf species up to flowering
stage without plant regrowth.
– (Velvetleaf and pigweed needed about 8GPA of propane to get
80% control)
• Most grassy species recovered few weeks after flaming.
– Foxtail needed as much as 20GPA of propane to get 80%
control
27. Crop tolerance to “broadcast flaming”
• Corn was the most tolerant species
– Likely due to growing point position at the time of
flaming
• Crop ranking for broadcast flaming:
– 1. Corn was the most tolerant
• Field corn most tolerant at V5
• Sweet corn and popcorn more tolerant at V5 - V7
– 2. Soybean at VC only
– 3. Winter wheat – not recommended to flame
- 4. Sorghum: Most tolerant at V5-V6
- 5. Sunflower ( will be done during 2010 season
28. Richard S. Little rlittle2@unl.edu
Organic Wheat Breeding Specialist and Coordinator
UNL, IANR, Agronomy and Horticulture Department
279 PLSH (102 Stewart Seed Lab)
1875 N. 38th Street
Lincoln, NE 68583-0915
http://organic.unl.edu/wheat/wheat.shtml
Stephen Baenziger - PI
Professor Agronomy & Horticulture
pbaenziger1@unl.edu
29. Organic Wheat Variety
and Farming System
Development
Richard Little, UNL Organic Wheat Breeding Coordinator
30. Organic Wheat Variety and
Farming System Development
INTEGRATED
Organic Variety Development
Organic Farming System
Development
This research is supported by the USDA-
CSREES Integrated Organic Program (IOP)
31. Objectives for IOP
Wheat Grant
1. Test Wheat Performance in Organic
Systems
2. Augment Breeding Program for Organic
Traits
3. Enhance Grain Protein and Soil Fertility
4. Develop System to Suppress Weeds
5. Integrate Results into Cropping System
32. Objective 1. Test Organic Wheat
Performance
Methods—Test yield performance in replicated trials
State Variety
Trials at four
research
stations on
organic land
allowing
comparison to
conventional
trials
33. Objective 1. Test Organic Wheat
Performance
Results—Yield of Organic and Conventional in 2008
36. Objective 2: Augment
Breeding Program
Methods: Screen in Breeding Nurseries
in addition to State Variety Trials
Three generations
on organic plots
at two locations:
F6
F7
F8-9 Interstate
Nursery = NIN
Sidney and Mead
37. Objective 2: Augment Breeding Program
Results: Quality for Selected NIN, 2009
2-location Sidney Only
Overall Mix Breakfast Bread &
UNL and Bake Cereal Cereal
Score Quality Quality
Total
Judgments in
0 ppm Oxidant Digestible
Common
Fiber
NW03666 4 NW03666 NW03666
White
NW07505 6 NW07505 NW07505
NE05496 5 NE05496 NE05496
NE06545 4 NE06545 NE06545 Digestible fiber for white lines
NE02558 5 NE02558 NE02558
in Variety Trials:
NE07444 5 NE07444 NE07444
NE07410 4 NE07410 NE07410
CLARKSCREAM
NE07668 3 NE07668 NE07668
DANBY
NE05430 4 NE05430 NE05430 ARROWSMITH
NE06469 6 NE06469 NE06469 ALICE
NE06607 4 NE06607 NE06607 NW03681
NE07569 6 NE07569 NE07569
38. Objective 2: Augment Breeding Program
Results Phenols Across Four Locations, 12 Varieties
0.7000
0.6000
Anti- 0.5000
0.4000
Total
oxidants 0.3000 Phenols
0.2000
2008 0.1000
Total
Flavonoids
0.0000
• Across four locations the white varieties, Alice and NW03681,
were significantly lower for total phenols, but had a higher
percentage of flavonoids. ORAC assays are still in process.
39. Objective 2: Augment Breeding Program
Using Photos for Rating Cover
Plots are scored relative to the minimum and maximum for the nursery.
Relative scale of 0 – 9
40. Objective 2: Augment Breeding Program
Coleoptile Measurements
41. Objective 2: Augment Breeding Program
Conclusions—Agronomic Traits
Very few coleoptile lines longer than 3.5 inches
are available in the pipeline (5 of 30 in SVT, 6 of
60 in NIN.
There was significant variation for cover in
2008, but no outstanding lines.
42. Objective 2: Augment Breeding Program
Further Research— Wheat Germplasm Development
Tall, long coleoptile, with increased canopy cover and root density
Australian lines from Richard Richards crossed with Oklahoma varieties
43. Objective 2: Augment Breeding Program
Further Research— Wheat Germplasm Development
New wheat class: Truly Purple
Chinese lines from Xinhong Chen to be crossed with Nebraska purple lines
High in antioxidants (?),
acceptable for breakfast cereal and tortillas(?)
44. Objective 2: Augment Breeding Program
Further Research— Wheat Germplasm Development
Low protein, excellent bread quality = high quality protein
UNL advanced lines to be crossed with nutrient-dense
lines (high iron and zinc) from USDA/ARS
45. Objective 3: Grain Protein and
Soil Fertility Enhancement
Results of Planning Process:
Low protein was identified as a key market
disadvantage for wheat.
Farmers wanted a treatment without
manure.
A liquid fermented poultry plant product
manufactured in Sterling, Colorado, called
Summit 10 fit the research purposes for top-
dressing to enhance protein.
46. Objective 1. Test Organic Wheat
Performance
2009 2009
Results: UNL Protein Score
Bread HATCHER
CAMELOT
NE03490
Quality WAHOO
GOODSTREAK
PRONGHORN
Affected by BUCKSKIN
CLARKSCREAM
DANBY
Low N ARROWSMITH
ALICE
environment
KARL92
DARRELL
NE99495
WESLEY
ALLIANCE
MILLENNIUM
OVERLAND
SD05118
NW03681
NE04424
NE01481
NE05548
NE05425
ANTELOPE
47. Objective 3: Grain Protein and
Soil Fertility Enhancement
Grain Protein Content
check treated check treated
ALICE 10.5 11.7 NE01481 10.1 11.2
Results:
ALLIANCE 9.6 10.2 NE03490 10.0 10.7
ANTELOPE 10.3 11.1 NE04424 10.7 11.3
N-Top
ARROWSMITH 10.8 11.7 NE04490 10.5 11.4
BUCKSKIN 10.7 10.7 NE05425 10.8 11.4
Dressing CAMELOT
CLARKS CREAM
10.5
11.2
11.2
12.2
NE05548
NE06469
10.5
10.3
11.4
11.1
in Wheat DANBY
DARRELL
10.4
10.8
10.8
10.8
NE99495
NW03666
10.2
10.4
10.9
11.1
Variety GOODSTREAK
HARRY
10.5
10.1
11.3
11.1
NW03681
OVERLAND
11.1
10.6
11.9
11.5
Trial at HATCHER
KARL92
10.7
11.3
11.8
12.0
PRONGHORN
SD05118
10.2
10.7
10.5
11.3
Haskell MACE
MILLENNIUM
10.8 11.7 WAHOO
WESLEY
10.1 10.8
10.8 11.5 10.0 11.2
• Many varieties increased protein content above the market
threshold of 11.0 % in response to the top-dressing treatment.
LSD = 0.5 (check) and 0.6 (treated).
48. Objective 3: Grain Protein and
Soil Fertility Enhancement
2. Cover Crop/Fertility Experiment, 2009
Methods: Treatments:
• Previous crop
• corn
Haskell • alfalfa
fallow at Sidney
and • manure type
Sidney • field pea green manure
• composted cattle manure
• 3 manure rates
• manure timing (one time at Sidney)
• supplemental nitrogen (Summit 10)
49. Objective 3: Grain Protein and
Soil Fertility Enhancement
Conclusions:
Haskell represented perfectly the targeted N-
deficient environment, with marketable responses
for many varieties to top-dressing.
Protein levels at Sidney (12 %) were above the
market threshold because of dry conditions and
adequate soil nitrogen fortification during previous
years, and were not affected by treatments.
Grain protein content was not affected by manure
rate (or type at Sidney). Benefits may accrue later,
possibly several years where mineralization is slow.
52. Research Objectives
1. Provide recommendations to organic farmers on
maintaining on-farm avian population/diversity
o Identify species that thrive in agroecosystems
2. Develop tool to assess agroecosystem health
o Healthy Farm Index
o Balance between biodiversity conservation and production
53. Increased Biodiversity in Organic Systems
# of Studies # Positive
Birds 3 3
Arthropods 28 21
Soil Organisms 10 7
Plants 22 22
Total 63 53
Bengtsson J., J Ahnstrom, A. Weibull. 2005.
54. USDA Organic Standards
USDA National Organic Not all species benefit
Program Standard 205.2 equally (Beecher et al. 2002)
Organic production. A Not all farms provide the
production system that ….. same benefits
promote(s) ecological
balance, and conserve(s) What do standards lack?
biodiversity.
58. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Agroecosystem
Management
Planned
Biodiversity
Creates conditions
Ecosystem services
that promote
Associated
Biodiversity
Surrounding
Biodiversity
Nicholls and Altieri 2004
59. Ecosystem Services Declining
Costanza et al 1997, MA 2005
Food production Climate regulation
Gas regulation
Disturbance regulation
Water regulation
Water supply
Erosion control
The quality and availability of Soil formation
most ecosystem services are Nutrient cycling
declining Waste treatment
Raw materials
Genetic resources
Recreation
Cultural
Pollination
Biological control
60. Healthy Farm Index - Indicators
Associated species Provisioning Services
diversity Food, fiber, fuel
Avian indicators Habitat
Conservation value Regulating Services
Planned species Water
diversity Soil
Crop/non-crop Cultural Services
Livestock Satisfaction
Ecosystems
Rare landscape elements
Ecosystem richness
61. Biodiversity Weight Weight w/in
Category Indicator Target w/in Cat Biodiv Index Final Score
Genetic NA
Planned Vegetation Richness 6 0.5
Livestock Diversity 2 0.1
Species Abundance of Indicator Species 3 0.1 0.5 Biodiversity
Native Ratio 1 0.1 Score
Conservation Score 4 0.2
Number of Landscape Elements 4 0.5
Ecosystem 0.5
% Rare Landscape Elements 5 0.5
Ecosystem Weight w/in Weight w/in Final
Service Category Ecosystem Service Indicators Target Service ES Index Score
Yield 100 0.45
Food/Fiber/Fuel Profit (Satisfaction) 5 0.45 0.4
Provisioning
Market Opportunities 3 0.1
Habitat/Refugia Abundance 10 0.4 0.09
Water Regulation/ Percent of waterways
0.09
Purification buffered/sheltered 100 1
% of farm fields w/ soil Ecosystem
0.09
conservation structures 100 0.5 Service
Regulating Soil Retention Score
% of farm with continious
0.09
living cover 100 0.5
Microclimate
Regulation Windbreaks 5 1 0.09
Satisfaction 6 0.8 0.09
Cultural Cultural
Tenure (% owned) 100 0.2 0.09
Supporting NA
62. Farm Scores
Biodiversity Ecosystem Service
100 90
79 75
80
68
60
40
20
0
GP JS
63. Individual Indicator Evaluation
Biodiversity State (88)
Planned Vegetation
Richness (Crops, Cover
Crops, Pasture)
% Rare Landscape Livestock Species
Elements Richness
Number of Landscape
Avian Indicator Species
Elements
Ecosystem Services (91)
Avian Conservation Score Native Species Ratio
Crop Yield
Satisfaction with
Satisfaction with Profit
Management
Microclimate Regulation Market Opprotunities
Continious Living Cover Habitat Abundance
Soil Conservation Percent of waterways
Structures buffered/sheltered
64. Future
Beta testing with farmers
Annual assessment
Tradeoffs
Other indicators
Mapping farm
biodiversity and
ecosystem services
Structured Decision
Making
Nelson et al PNAS 2008
67. National Organic Program (NOP) under the direction
of the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS)
Encourage Farmers and
Processors to view the
National Organic Program
(NOP) Standards on-line.
Go To: http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/nop
Sidebar “I Want Information On” NOP Regulations
Go To: Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) (Standards)
Standards are the regulations producers must follow to certify
crop ground, livestock, vegetables, processed food items etc.
68. There are Many Certification Agencies…
Number of domestic accredited certifying agents: 56
Number of foreign accredited certifying agents: 43
Quality
Certification
Services
Quality
Assurance OCIA
International Oregon Tilth
International
71. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on
management practices that restore, maintain and
enhance ecological harmony.
–National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) April 1995 Meeting,
Orlando, FL-
72. Whole Systems Approach to Organic Farming
How will I
Understand What type of crop
Develop Organic control rotation can I
Production
weeds? Cultural use?
Practices
Practices
Learn when to hoe and
Provide habitats cultivate row crops
and wildlife
Healthy Farm Index -
linkages Develop
Increase Biodiversity Timely
Management
Strategies
• It is not simply “no chemicals”.
• Not ALL inputs are prohibited, however; all inputs must be
compliant with the National List of allowed substances.
For more information on Biodiversity – Wild Farm Alliance: www.wildfarmalliance.org
74. USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service
Environmental Quality Incentives Program - EQIP
“6 Core” Practices
Who is Eligible for EQIP Organic Initiative Funds?
1. Growers and/or livestock producers who are starting or in the
process of transition to organic production.
2. Growers and/or livestock producers who are currently certified
organic and are transitioning new land to organic production.
3. Growers and/or livestock producers who are currently certified
organic and are implementing new conservation practices on their
farm.
75. NRCS Conservation Stewardship Program’s Contribution
to Organic Transitioning – The Organic Crosswalk
http://www.ne.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/EQIP_Organic_Initiative.html
Of the 80 enhancements from which producers can select
39 have a high likelihood of adoption by organic producers
or those who are interested in transitioning to organic
An additional 25 enhancements that can be applied during
the transition period.
Producers can use CSP Conservation Enhancements to aid
them during the “transitioning” period to organic farming.
Contact your Natural Resource Conservationist for more information
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/new_csp/special_pdfs/Organic_Crosswalk_091009_dl.pdf
76. USDA funded Program issued
Through the Nebraska Department of Ag
Organic Cost Share Program
Nebraska Contact . Steve Martin
NE Dept. of Agriculture . 301 Centennial Mall South
Lincoln, NE 68509-4947
Phone: 800-422-6692
E-mail: steve.martin@nebraska.gov
This program helps with up to 75% of a producer’s NOP certification
expenses or up to $750.00. Steve mails the forms out by September 1st
Need to be returned to by October 16th so producers receive funds
by December 31st Last year Nebraska was allocated $60,000 and all
of those funds were used so educators should advise producers that
the funds are given out on a first come - first serve basis.
77. Farmer Research Groups for Organic Production Being Organized
Form organic farmers groups to identify topics and conduct well-designed trials on
their fields to obtain reliable information.
Technical support from UNL Extension faculty to help set-up the experimental
design and collection of data.
Some of the projects farmers are investigating:
Forage Teff grass as a cover crop to improve soil tilth;
Biological control of leafy spurge;
Use of Neem oil and varietal resistance in soybean aphid management;
Mob grazing pasture;
Bio-char as a soil amendment;
Use of a Rodale Roller/Crimper to roll rye and plant soybeans
(organic no-till system)
Contact:
Charles Wortmann, Associate Professor Liz Sarno, Extension
cwortmann2@unl.edu esarno2@unl.edu
78. Two Great Resources for Organic Production
1. Sustainable Ag Research & Education (SARE)
http://www.sare.org/ncrsare/ne.htm
Nebraska State Coordinator, Gary Lesoing glesoing2@unl.edu
Farmer Rancher and Research and Education Grants
Publications available on line:
Building Soils for Better Crops, 3rd Edition
Crop Rotation on Organic Farms: A Planning Manual
Managing Cover Crops Profitably, 3rd Edition
2. ATTRA: http://attra.ncat.org/
The National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service
79. -The End-
For More Information Go To:
Organic Working Group
http://organic.unl.edu/
CropWatch Organics
http://cropwatch.unl.edu/web/organic/home
Contact Liz Sarno esarno2@unl.edu or 402-309-0944
