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The legacy of paul first presentation
- 1. THE LEGACY OF PAUL 1 of 10 Study Sessions Introduction to Paul
- 2. WHO WAS PAUL? Agenda 1. Jew 2. Pharisee 3. Greek 4. Roman Citizen? 5. Christian? 6. Where did Paul live? 7. Map of Paul’s time 8. Discussion Questions 9. Resources
- 3. JEW • Born 1st Century CE, most scholars think it was 8 CE • Father: Pharisee • Tribe: Benjamin (Acts 23:6; Philippians 3:5) • Period: Second Temple (515 BCE – 70 CE built by Cyrus the Great of Persia) • Birthplace: Tarsus (part of Diaspora created by Babylonian exile 597 BCE) • Rule: Roman • Emperor: at Paul’s birth Caesar Augustus; at Paul’s death Nero
- 4. PHARISEE • Jewish Sect • Beliefs: • Written Law • Oral Law (became present-day Talmud) • After-life • Members of Sanhedrin
- 5. GREEK • Education: University in Tarsus • Considered superior to universities in Athens and Alexandria • Languages: spoken and written • Aramaic • Greek • Hebrew • Bible (Christians present-day Old Testament): LXX (Septuagint) • Translation from Hebrew to Greek • Commissioned by: Ptolemy II
- 6. ROMAN CITIZEN? • Acts of the Apostles: Written by Luke refers to Paul as a Roman Citizen • Acts 22:25-29; 23::27 Has Paul calling himself a Roman Citizen when he is about to be flogged • Acts 16:22 Paul was beaten with rods indicates he was not a Roman Citizen • Paul never claims Roman Citizenship in his undisputed letters • 2 Corinthians 11:25 says he was beaten with rods 3 times • If he was a Roman Citizen Paul never uses that to avoid Roman torture
- 7. CHRISTIAN? • What happened on the way to Damascus? • Call, not Conversion • Born a Jew, Died a Jew • Never intended to create a new religion • They were Jewish Christ Followers
- 8. WHERE DID PAUL LIVE? • Tarsus • Bustling city in Asia Minor (Modern day Turkey) • Between Mediterranean Sea and Taurus Mountains • Fertile land: wet from sea and melting snow, fed by 3 rivers • 3 M’s: Marshes, Mosquitoes and Malaria • Jerusalem • Before first missionary journey • Between journies • On the Road
- 9. MAP FROM PAUL’S TIME
- 10. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION • How is the life of Paul similar to yours today? • What trait of Paul do you find most interesting and why? • What have you learned about yourself by looking at Paul’s life?
- 11. RESOURCES • The First Paul by Marcus J. Borg and John Dominic Crossan • The Life of the Apostle Paul by Rose Publishing free PDF www.rosepublishing.com/lifeofpaul • In the Footsteps of Paul: Experience the Journey that Changed the World by Ken Duncan • Paul the Man and the Myth by Calvin J. Roetzel • The Apostle: The Life of Paul by John Pollock
- 12. WORKS OF FICTION Novels • Great Lion of God by Taylor Caldwell • Paul, a Novel by Walter Wangerin Jr. • Apostle Paul: A Novel by James Cannon Movies • “Peter and Paul” Anthony Hopkins and Robert Foxworth 1981 • “Apostle Paul: Polite Bribe” Peter Reznikoff, Bart Ehrmann 2013
Editor's Notes
- Paul born to a Jewish family probably in 1st decade of 1st cent. (therefore contemporary of Jesus). Father a Pharisee from tribe of Benjamin (Acts 23:6; Philippians 3:5) He never believed he was laying the foundation for a new religion. Pharisees: Jewish sect, believed in oral tradition and laws. Oral traditions eventually written down in Talmud. Believed in afterlife. Differs from Sadducees: did not recognize oral tradition, did not believe in afterlife. Both part of the Sanhedrin, high court of Jews. Part of Diaspora (Jews not living in Israel. Babylonian conquest 582BCE, Temple destroyed). Spoke & wrote both Hebrew and Greek. Septuagint: translation of Hebrew Bible to Greek. Story: Ptolemy II had 70 scholars translate Hebrew Bible to Greek separately and all translations were the same. Paul never says he’s a Roman citizen. Luke, not Paul makes the claim. He may have been a citizen, but it is not a known fact. He was beaten with rods which was forbidden punishment for citizens.Tarsus: bustling city in Asia Minor (Turkey). Capital of Roman province Cilicia. Dominant city of the fertile plain. Went to Greek University in Tarsus. Scholars of time said it surpassed Athens & Alexandria. Geography: between Med. Sea and Taurus Mountains. Fed by 3 rivers. The environment had marshes, mosquitoes which led to Malaria. Writers of “The First Paul” believe it is highly likely that Paul’s “Thorn in the flesh” was Malaria due to the environment of Tarsus and descriptions of symptoms in his letters. William Mitchell Ramsay come to same conclusion in “St. Paul the Traveler and the Roman Citizen.” Used Gal. 4:13 and 2Cor 12:7. “Saul” is Hebrew “Paul” is Greek of same name. They were interchangeable. Could have gone to Spain & then martyred by Nero (beheaded) or killed after fire w/other believers by Nero.
- Paul born to a Jewish family probably in 1st decade of 1st cent. (therefore contemporary of Jesus). Father a Pharisee from tribe of Benjamin (Acts 23:6; Philippians 3:5) He never believed he was laying the foundation for a new religion. Pharisees: Jewish sect, believed in oral tradition and laws. Oral traditions eventually written down in Talmud. Believed in afterlife. Differs from Sadducees: did not recognize oral tradition, did not believe in afterlife. Both part of the Sanhedrin, high court of Jews. Part of Diaspora (Jews not living in Israel. Babylonian conquest 582BCE, Temple destroyed). Spoke & wrote both Hebrew and Greek. Septuagint: translation of Hebrew Bible to Greek. Story: Ptolemy II had 70 scholars translate Hebrew Bible to Greek separately and all translations were the same. Paul never says he’s a Roman citizen. Luke, not Paul makes the claim. He may have been a citizen, but it is not a known fact. He was beaten with rods which was forbidden punishment for citizens.Tarsus: bustling city in Asia Minor (Turkey). Capital of Roman province Cilicia. Dominant city of the fertile plain. Went to Greek University in Tarsus. Scholars of time said it surpassed Athens & Alexandria. Geography: between Med. Sea and Taurus Mountains. Fed by 3 rivers. The environment had marshes, mosquitoes which led to Malaria. Writers of “The First Paul” believe it is highly likely that Paul’s “Thorn in the flesh” was Malaria due to the environment of Tarsus and descriptions of symptoms in his letters. William Mitchell Ramsay come to same conclusion in “St. Paul the Traveler and the Roman Citizen.” Used Gal. 4:13 and 2Cor 12:7. “Saul” is Hebrew “Paul” is Greek of same name. They were interchangeable. Could have gone to Spain & then martyred by Nero (beheaded) or killed after fire w/other believers by Nero.