Presented as part of ARDD Learning Event 9:
From field to fork to field - Nutritious food and nutrient cycling to enhance health, wealth and resilience
18 June 2012, 11.30 – 13.00
Agriculture and Rural Development Day at Rio+20
Room A, Mezzanine Floor
Speaker: Mahamane Adamou, PPILDA
Organisers: SIANI, SLU, IFAD, AVRDC and Sida
In the famine prone Aguié province in Niger, the Ministry of Agriculture is implementing PPILDA (Project for the Promotion of Local Initiative for Development in Aguié), an IFAD-financed rural development project.
Productive sanitation has been an important component of PPILDA since an add-on pilot project was implemented in 2009, with 1100 households involved in urine-collection using simple urinals and 200 households built composting latrines. The positive results of using urine as a liquid nitrogen rich fertilizer has created a lot of interest among farmers and in 2012 all 20 farmer field schools in the province will include this component.
PPILDA is also entering a new phase and will the coming six years be active in the whole Maradi region, with 18 municipalities. The pilot farmers have formed a Productive Sanitation Association and will be contracted by PPILDA to support the up scaling process. In a couple of villages there are examples of urine becoming a commodity. In Saja Manja village, one farmer has bought hundreds of jerry cans with urine from his neighbors which he uses to enrich his large composting pile.
A multi-stakeholder working group on national level is being set up to create an “enabling environment” for the adoption of productive sanitation through capacity building, information sharing, policy review and recommendations.
Mahamane Adamou is an agronomist in the component “Local Innovations” at PPILDA, Niger (tbc) PPILDA is a rural development project in Aguié, Niger supported mainly by IFAD and Belgian Survival Fund (2005-2013). One of the main activities is identifying and supporting local innovations in farming communities, often via farmer field schools. In this context productive sanitation was introduced via a pilot project in 2009/2010 in cooperation with IFAD, SEI and CREPA Niger.
Soil information on different scales for smallholder farmers in Africa
ARDD at Rio+20: Closing loops and opening minds, nutrients recycling in Aguié, Niger
1. RIO+20
Productive
Sanitation –
From pilot to scale
in Aguié, Niger
Mahamane Adamou
Agricultural Engineer
PPILDA, Niger
URINE CONTROL
2. Presentation outline
I. Short presentation of PPILDA
II. Introduction to the Productive Sanitation
approach (ProSan) and pilot project at
PPILDA
III. Results obtained
IV. Lessons and perspectives
3. I. Short presentation of PPILDA
PPILDA = Projet de Promotion de l’Initiative
Locale pour le Développement à Aguié
(Project for the Promotion of Local
Development Initiatives in Aguié)
• 8 year project : 2005-2012
• Project is under the Ministry of Agriculture in Niger
• Funding: 17.5 million $ (IFAD, Belgian Survival
Fund and Niger Government)
4. I. Short presentation of PPILDA
The over all goal of PPILDA
To improve conditions and
livelihoods of the poor with
focus on the most vulnerable
groups, in particular women
and youth
Through 30 000 families
PPILDA aims to reach 180 000
people in 6 municipalities in
the Aguié province
(Aguié, Gazaoua, Gangara, Tchadoua,
Jirataoua et Sae Saboua)
5. I. Short presentation of PPILDA
PPILDA works with 5 major
components :
1. Identify and test local
innovations
2. Reinforce local instutitions
and organizations
3. Make funds available to
support local initiatives and
innovations
4. Reinforce local services
5. Project management
6. II. Introducing farmers to Productive
Sanitation – the ProSan-Aguié project
Pilot project within PPILDA : ProSan-Aguié (October 2008-
February 2010)
Main objective: Testing productive sanitation in Niger to
improve the productivity of small holder farmers
Specific objectives:
• Productive sanitation is accepted and show significant
increase in agricultural production at the pilot sites (compared
with control plots)
• Other actors in the sanitation or agriculture sector are willing
take up the productive sanitation concept in strategies and
projects.
7. The agriculture
challenge in Niger
>80% of the population in
Niger involved in farming
Average farm size <1.5ha
- Variable rain-fall
- Large nutrient deficits
0,9 kg chemical NPK/ha/year
Losses: 56 kg NPK/ha/year
8. The sanitation challenge in Niger
26 400 children dies every
year due to diarrhoea
91% practice open
defecation in rural Niger
(JMP, 2010)
9. Human excreta – a blind spot in nutrient
management
N = 2,8 kg N = 2,8 kg
P = 0,4 kg P = 0,4 kg
K ~ 1,3 kg K ~ 1,3 kg
Per person/year Per person/year
10. Urine and
faeces from
the 9 persons
in Niger
contain the
equivalent of
50 kg of urea
and 50 kg of
NPK(15:15:15)
worth 80$
(mainly in
urine)
11. Productive Sanitation –
from linear to circular flows
• Eutrophication
• Spreading of disease
• Loss of nutrients
- Open defecation!
- Drop and store!
- Flush and forget!
-Sanitization and reuse
• Confinement/collection
• Treatment → Productive (ecological) sanitation
• Reuse
12. ProSan-Aguié pilot project activities
1. Development: Involve > 300 households in seven
villages
2. Research : Studies on agronomic, sanitary,
economic, social and technical aspects
3. Outreach: Local, national and international
13. Intervention zone and baseline
80% are involved
in agriculture
1.5 ha/household
Landless farmers
Very few latrines
17. ProSan-Aguié pilot project results
• Acceptance of the approach in the pilot villages;
• Increased harvest with liquid fertilizer (urine) from urine
harvesting (1100 households);
• ~150 composting pit latrines and awareness raising
activities resulting in improved sanitation and hygiene
• Project widely adopted in Niger
PPILDA continued…
2010: Consolidate the approach
2011/12: Scale up the approach
18. III. Results from start of upscaling
Agricultural production
• Yield increase : The average yield in the farmer field
schools using urine is 600 kg/ha compared to 425 kg/ha as
the average in the rest of the province (in 2011) and on
irrigated crops, 7 to 25% increase according to crops
• 90 % acceptance and use of liquid
fertilizer (urine) in the villages:
• Low cost fertilizer accessible also to
women
• Renewed interest for composting by
adding liquid fertilizer to the composting
pile in the dry season
19. Results from start of upscaling
Sanitation infrastructure
• In total 330 latrines;
• More than 2000 simple urinals;
• 20 villages involved surrounding the first 5 pilot villages
Productive sanitation and sanitary conditions
• Increase in use of latrines (only 5% had access to latrines
before)
• Improvement in hygiene (reduced open defecation) and
helth of the population
20. Results from start of upscaling
Gender considerations
•Different groups are involved (women, youth and vulnerable)
in farmer field schools and sensitization sessions which
helped the widespread acceptance of the approach
•Since 2010 there are also female facilitators which has
helped to spread the approach among the women
•Women in particular appreciate the composting latrines,
since it reduce their vulnerability when defecating in the
open and also easier for them to deal with menstruation
21. Results from start of upscaling
Success:
• Capacity building
• Availability of local fertilizer (natural resource management)
• Improvement of hygiene and health
• Improved safety (not exposed to open defecation)
Challenges:
• Communities in the
beginning – seeing is
believing
• Burnt plants if vegetable
growers don’t have enough
water during the dry season
22. IV. Lessons learnt
• The collection, treatment and reuse of urine as a liquid
fertilizer has been possible in spite of religious and
social taboos thanks to :
– The participative approach and using farmer field
schools with convincing results;
– Mobilization of all stakeholders in the process
(religious and traditional leaders, authorities, STD,
population)
23. IV. Perspectives
Perspectives 2012:
• Up scaling of the Pro San approach to more villages with
support from the previous local champions as well as an
extension of pilot farmers, working with 500 vulnerable
households on 250 ha.
• Testing the « Solid Fertiliser » ( sanitized latrine
compost) on cereals crops in 18 farmer field schools;
• Continue the co-composting, using liquid fertilizer as a
source of nutrients and humidity .
• Continue to construct latrines and urinals to harvest
urine
24. IV. Perspectives
Perspectives 2012-2018
• PPILDA will now go into the next phase and work with rural
development in 18 municipalities aiming to reach 65000
households (31 million $)
• Productive sanitation will be one of the approaches
promoted – helping to improve both health and production!
I många länder i väst-afrika är mer än 80 % av befolkningen direkt beroende av odling för sin överlevnad. Demografin ökar trycket på jordarna och minskar möjligheten att låta jorden ligga i träda. Bönder på landsbygden har sällan råd sällan råd med konstgödsel som är förhållandevis dyrt. Ekologisk sanitet skulle kunna förbättra livet för jordbrukare, som t.ex kvinnan på bilden. Hon heter Sara Yahaja och bor i byn Aguié i södra Niger. Hon odlar grönsaker under torrperioden runt en damm och hirs under regnperioden, men jordarna är väldigt fattiga och skördarna likaså. I år ingår hennes by I ett pilotprojekt för produktiv santitet och hon deltar just nu i försök med urin som gödsel och hon är väldigt nyfiken på att se resultaten.
I många länder i väst-afrika är mer än 80 % av befolkningen direkt beroende av odling för sin överlevnad. Demografin ökar trycket på jordarna och minskar möjligheten att låta jorden ligga i träda. Bönder på landsbygden har sällan råd sällan råd med konstgödsel som är förhållandevis dyrt. Ekologisk sanitet skulle kunna förbättra livet för jordbrukare, som t.ex kvinnan på bilden. Hon heter Sara Yahaja och bor i byn Aguié i södra Niger. Hon odlar grönsaker under torrperioden runt en damm och hirs under regnperioden, men jordarna är väldigt fattiga och skördarna likaså. I år ingår hennes by I ett pilotprojekt för produktiv santitet och hon deltar just nu i försök med urin som gödsel och hon är väldigt nyfiken på att se resultaten.
Många frågar sig om det verkligen finns en signifikant mängd näringsämnen I “humangödsel”? För mig gick det upp ett ljus när jag förstod att det är en jämvikt över kroppen - samma mängd näringsämnen som kommer in i kroppen via maten lämnar den med urin och fekalier! Annars skulle vi bara bli större och större! Och näringsämnena i urin och fekalier är lätttillgängliga för växterna och har en mycket bra sammansättning. Detta är ju egentligen också självklart eftersom växterna tagit upp exakt de näringsämnen de behöver från jorden, och dessa näringsämnen finns sen I maten vi äter. Det går alltså att räkna hur mycket näring som kommer ut ur kroppen genom att känna till vad som har kommit in. Näringsmängden på bilden gäller för en medel diet I västafrika.
Sammanfattning om “raka rör från fält till hav”. Nämner också något om riskerna + svårigheterna med kretslopp ( problem med social/ekonomisk acceptans/hållbarhet, dålig involvering av jordbrukssektorn)