1. Arenaviruses Dr Preneshni R Naicker

6. 2 groups Old World Lassa-LCM Serocomplex 5 Species Family: Muridae Subfamily: Murinae Eurasian rodents New World Tacaribe Serocomplex 17 species 3 clades (A,B,C) Family: Muridae Subfamily: Sigmodontinae American rodents * Classification

10. Old and New World Arenaviruses Argentina West Indies Bolivia Brazil Paraguay USA Columbia Bolivia Brazil Venezuela Venezuela Brazil Calomys muscul. Artibeus sp (BAT) Calomys callosu. Oryzomys capito Oryzomys buccin. Sigmodon hispi. Oryzomys albig. Calomys callos. Oryzomys capit. Sigmodon alst. Zygodon brevi. unknown Argentinian VHF LI (laboratory infxn) Bolivian VHF, LI NE NE NE LI NE LI NE Venezuelan VHF, LI Brazilian VHF, LI 1958 1963 1965 1966 1970 1970 1971 1973 1977 1977 1989 1994 NEW WORLD Junin Tacaribe Machupo Ampari Parana Tamiami Picjinde Latino Flexal Pirital Guanarito Sabia Worldwide West Africa C. African Rep S Central Afric C. African Rep Mus musculus Mastomys sp Arvicanthus nilot. Mastomys natale. Praomys sp Meningitis Lassa Fever NE (no evidence) NE NE 1934 1975 1970 1977 1983 OLD WORLD LCMV Lassa Ippy Mopeia Mobala Distribution Rodent Host Human disease Year first isolated

11. cont. Argentina Argentina USA, Cali USA Peru Brazil Bolomys obs peromysc californ Neotoma alb. Oecomys bicolor Oryzomys capito NE NE NE ? NE NE 1996 1997 1996 1996 2001 2002 Oliveros Pampas(strain) Bear Canyon Whitewater Arroyo Allpahuayo Cupixi Distribution Rodent host Human disease Year first isolated

12. Copyright © 2006, 1999 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 66-1 Recognized arenaviruses and their geographic distribution. Reservoirs are shown below the viruses in italics .

13. Phylogeny

15. Distribution of Lassa Fever Outbreaks have occurred in the Central African Republic, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone; serological evidence of human infection has been found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mali, and Senegal

16. Clinical presentation

17. Cont.

19. Imported Lassa Fever

22. Laboratory Diagnosis ELISA Serum Serology (IgG/IgM) Blood, tissue RT-PCR Liver, spleen, skin, kidney Tissue Immunohistochemistry ELISA/IMF Blood Antigen detection Blood, urine, tissue EM Cell Culture: Vero, Vero B6, BHK Animal: suckling mice, hamsters, guinea pigs Blood, CSF, Tissue Culture Comments Specimen Test

23. Vero E6 tissue culture cell infected with an arenavirus. Image shows extracellular virus particles budding from the cell surface. Magnification approx. 12,000 times.

28. Emergence of Arenaviruses

31. April 2008