Per falholt aocs singapore oct 2012 slideshare
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Per Falholts presentation at the AOCS, World Conference on Fabric and Home Care October 29-31, 2012 in Singapore. The presentation shows the remarkable effects on wash performance and energy savings of a cost-neutral replacement of surfactants with a cocktail of enzymes in laundry detergents.
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Per falholt aocs singapore oct 2012 slideshare
- 1. THE SUSTAINABLE FUTURE OF LAUNDERING Per Falholt Chief Science Officer, Novozymes A/S AOCS, World Conference on Fabric and Home Care October 29-31, 2012 in Singapore
- 2. 2 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering GROWING WASHING MACHINE PENETRATION IN DEVELOPING AND EMERGING COUNTRIES % of Chinese households with a washing machine 89% 78% 67% 2005 2010 2015 Source: Euromonitor, 2015 projection based on CAGR 2005-2010
- 3. 3 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering BUT LAUNDRY IS STILL DONE BY HAND 17 25-50% washed by hand 52 83 <25% washed by hand 48 China Brazil Source: Novozymes’ 2011 consumer survey by Efficience3
- 4. 4 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering DR. SINNER’S CIRCLE • Short wash cycles • Low temperature • Concentrated chemistry Chemistry Mechanics Temperature Time
- 5. 5 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering HOW ENZYMES WORK Surfactants Surfactants Surfactants Builders Builders Builders Others Others Others
- 6. 6 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering ENZYMES FOR HIGHER PERFORMANCE PRIMARY WASH PERFORMANCE SECONDARY WASH PERFORMANCE 1 wash cycle 1 or more wash cycles Stain Total Fabric & Color Whiteness removal cleaning care
- 7. 7 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering THE MECHANICS: SAVE EFFORT AND SAVE 2-3 WASHES Unwashed items Washed items Enzymatic soap bar Non-enzymatic soap bar
- 8. 8 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering THE MECHANICS: CONSUMERS NOTICE THE REDUCED EFFORT IN BLIND TEST Existing brand in the Chinese market Preference score (%) Without enzymes With enzymes Overall 46 54 Collar/cuff cleaning 46 54 Whiteness 47 53 Color brightness 48 52 Softness 50 50 Hand mildness 45 55 Suds richness 43 57 Product appearance 51 49 Effort saving 45 56 Economy (can be used many times) 44 56 Cracking under storage 49 51 Mush of the soap 43 57 Fragrance of the soap 46 54 Statistically significant Source: Single blind product test in China in 2009, 300 consumers, two weeks each.
- 9. 9 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering THE TEMPERATURE: ENZYMES ENABLE HIGH WASH PERFORMANCE AT LOW TEMPERATURES • Novozymes Wash & wear test in China Wash performance results, Chinese conditions 2011 Remission (460 nm) 2340 Comparing standard (sum of 44 stains) • 2320 2300 Chinese powder 2280 detergent with 2260 protease to 2240 detergent optimized 2220 2200 with enzyme cocktail 2180 2160 20°C 30°C 20°C with enzymes Example: Tomato soup Wash performance setup: Panasonic XQB65-Q680U automatic washing machine, main wash time was 15 minutes, two rinse cycles, five repetitions, 14°dH, 20 or 30°C. Cost-neutral, surfactant-reduced enzymatic detergent (containing protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase) compared with typical Chinese powder detergent containing protease.
- 10. 10 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering THE TEMPERATURE: SIMULATED HAND WASH CONFIRMS RESULTS – AT NO EXTRA COST • Novozymes test in India 2012 Wash performance results, Indian conditions • Comparing standard 890 Remission (460 nm) Indian powder (Sum of 20 stains) 880 detergent to detergent 870 optimized with enzyme 860 cocktail in simulated 850 840 hand wash 830 820 810 20°C 30°C 20°C with enzymes Example: Blood Simulated hand wash setup: Panasonic XQB65-Q680U automatic washing machine, 20 minutes soak time followed by 12 minutes main wash and two rinse cycles, 550 ppm water hardness, 20 and 30°C, five repetitions. Cost-neutral, surfactant-reduced enzymatic detergent (containing protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase) compared with commercially available Indian powder detergent.
- 11. 11 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering THE TIME: ENZYMES DELIVER SUPERIOR WASH PERFORMANCE IN SHORT WASH CYCLES • Novozymes Wash & wear test in China Wash performance results, Chinese conditions 2011 2280 Remission (460 nm) • Comparing standard (Sum of 44 stains) 2260 Chinese powder 2240 detergent with 2220 protease to detergent 2200 optimized with 2180 enzyme cocktail 2160 10 minute wash 15 minute wash 10 minute wash with enzymes Example: Carrot baby food Wash performance setup: Panasonic XQB65-Q680U automatic washing machine, main wash time 10 or 15 minutes, two rinse cycles, five repetitions, 14°dH, 20°C. Cost-neutral, surfactant-reduced enzymatic detergent (containing protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase) compared with typical Chinese powder detergent containing protease.
- 12. 12 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering THE TIME: SIMULATED HAND WASH CONFIRM RESULTS • Novozymes consumer test in India 2012 Wash performance results, Indian conditions 860 • Comparing standard Remission (460 nm) 850 Indian powder (Sum of 20 stains) 840 detergent to 830 detergent optimized 820 with enzyme cocktail 810 in simulated hand 800 wash 790 780 6 minute wash 12 minute wash 6 minute wash with enzymes Example: Blood Simulated hand wash setup: Panasonic XQB65-Q680U automatic washing machine, 20 minutes soak time followed by 6/12 minutes main wash and two rinse cycles, 550 ppm water hardness, 20°C, five repetitions. Cost-neutral, surfactant-reduced enzymatic detergent (containing protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase) compared with typical, commercially available Indian powder detergent.
- 13. 13 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering FORMULATION OPTIMIZATION WITH ENZYMES SAVES CO2 +30% 500 -1% +5% 450 400 Grams of CO2e per wash 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Standard Enzyme- Standard Standard Chinese optimized Chinese Chinese detergent detergent detergent detergent 20°C, short 20°C, short 30 C, short 20°C, long wash wash wash wash Source: Chinese Wash & wear test
- 14. 14 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering …AND IS BETTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT If all 3 million tons of detergent used per year in China* were optimized with enzymes 83,000 tons of CO2 2,800,000 m3 water 35,000 cars off the road * According to market research, Chinese consumers use three million tons of detergent each year (Fengjingyuan, 2009). NOTE: Assuming one car has an emission of 2.4 ton CO2e per year. Source: Novozymes lifecycle analysis estimate.
- 15. 15 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering …AND IS BETTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT If all 3 million tons of detergent used per year in China* were optimized with enzymes AND if an increase in wash temperature could be avoided 5,000,000 tons of CO2 2,1 million cars off the road * According to market research, Chinese consumers use three million tons of detergent each year (Fengjingyuan, 2009). NOTE: Assuming one car has an emission of 2.4 ton CO2e per year. Source: Novozymes lifecycle analysis estimate.
- 16. 16 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering TODAY’S CIRCLE FOR WASH PERFORMANCE Chemistry Mechanics Temperature Time
- 17. 17 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering SO HOW DO ENZYMES WORK IN FULL-SCALE WASH? Unsoiled Soiled Detergent 20 C Detergent 30 C Detergent + lipase 20 C Full scale wash: Panasonic XQB65-Q680U washing machine, Chinese powder detergent, wash time 15 minutes, two rinse cycles, 14°dH, 20/30°C, w/wo 1 ppm of a Novozymes lipase. Scanning Electron Microscopy: A FEI Quanta 3D scanning electron microscope operated at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV, detected backscattered electrons from the OsO4 stained lard. For cross-sectional analysis, epon embedding of fibers and subsequent sectioning at 2 µm with a Leica Ultracut UCT Microtome was used prior analysis.
- 18. 18 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering A CROSS SECTION OF THE FIBER SHOWS REMAINING LIPID AND PARTICLE SIZE Lipid area 1.2 Reduction relative to unwashed 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Soiled Detergent 20 C Unwashed Detergent 20oC Detergent 30oC Detergent 20oC + lipase Average particle size 1.2 Reduction relative to unwashed 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Detergent 30 C Detergent + lipase 20 C Unwashed Detergent Detergent Detergent 20oC 20oC 30oC + lipase Scanning Electron Microscopy: A FEI Quanta 3D scanning electron microscope operated at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV, detected backscattered electrons from the OsO4 stained lard. For cross-sectional analysis, epon embedding of fibers and subsequent sectioning at 2 µm with a Leica Ultracut UCT Microtome was used prior to analysis. Image analysis of three fiber samples from each FSW swatch using ImageJ, calculating pixel by pixel lipid signal intensity resulting in lipid total area and average particle size.
- 19. 19 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering TECHNOLOGY FOR UNDERSTANDING THE ACTION: FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY Light micrograph of lard-soiled cotton fiber Fluorescence micrograph of lipid on fiber Single fiber fluorescence microscopy showing cotton fibers soiled with premelted lard, immobilized and labeled using nile red. Sample was analyzed in time-lapse studies using a Zeiss axiovert 135 microscope, with uniblitz shutter and 40x Fluar iris objective, NA 1.3. Fluorescence detected using a Orca-CCD camera (Hamamatsu) with exc. 515-545 nm and emm. 575-640 nm. Detergent: model liquid detergent with and without Novozymes Lipex® at 20 C.
- 20. 20 11/16/2012 The sustainable future of laundering SUMMING UP
- 21. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- Set the stage: Explainhowtherearesomesustainabilitychallenges in detergents Water use Chemicals Energy useConsuming time (gettingwater, heating the water, scrubbing and rinsingmany times)Explainhowenzymesaddresstheseneeds Saves water Saves energy Saves chemicalsMaintain or improve performanceExplainthatwe have lookedinto it, and our studies show thatconsumerscareaboutsavingresources and savingeffort on washing. But let’s start at the beginning. Let’s start with whatwearefocusingontoday: handwash.
- As you probably know, washing machines are gaining ground in many developing and emerging markets. In China, for instance, washing machine penetration is growing, and it is estimated that in 2015, 90% of households will have a washing machine.
- But, even in homes with machines, much laundry is still done by hand. In fact, Novozymes recently did a survey in China which showed that a little more than half of the respondents with a washing machine still do 25-50% of their laundry by hand. The challenge here is, of course, that it is hard work to obtain good washing results when you wash by hand. So how do help consumers with that?-------------------Additional info: Less than 2% of detergent sold in CWE is specific hand wash detergents – the question is how much hand wash is done in regular detergent. This is unknown.
- We know how Dr. Sinner’s circle describes the four key drivers that enhance performance in cleaning clothes and removing stains: Temperature, Time, Chemistry and Mechanics. If one driver is increased, other drivers can be reduced to achieve the same performance and vice versa.[click]In recent times, a lot of innovation has happened within washing machines. We are seeing new cycles with different mechanics so our wash cycles can be shorter and we can wash a low temperatures. There’s also innovations happening for ingredients that can enable new formats and generally improve the performance.[click]Today, chemistry is largelyresponsible for the performance in a wash cycle. And enzyme technology plays a key role in delivering the desired performance that has previously been delivered by the other parameters. I will show examples of this in the following, but first let me explain how the chemistry of enzymes works.-----------------------------------------NOTES:Additional info about Dr. Sinner: Sinner Circle was developed by surfactant chemist Herbert Sinner (*1900 in Chemnitz, † 1988 in Hilden), former head of the detergent application technology at Henkel, in 1959)
- When you add enzymes to the formulation[click] you can basically decrease the use of surfactants and builders – which is good for the environment. Today’s multi-enzyme solution consists of up to 8 different enzymes. Most of these enzymes are hydrolases, and they are of course catalytic in nature. With a multi-enzyme solution we can replace high volume surfactants with low volume enzymes and achieve the same or better performance – cost-neutrally. We believe this is one step closer to high-performing detergents.
- It also means that you can increase the performance of the detergent, both in terms of stain removal, total cleaning and fabric and color care.[click]Enzymes are substrate specific so they target and dissolve the substrate they were designed for very effectively. However,undegraded soils, such as proteins, fat, starch, mannan, and β-glucan, that are dissolved from the stains can be deposited back on the fabric as a thin sticky film of invisible dirt. This film acts as a glue and traps particulate soils in washing and wearing. And that gives the garment a gray and dull appearance. Again, different enzymes remove different types ofglues so that redepositioning of soils is avoided.[Click]While enzymes degrade stains, they also take care of the fabrics and colors. General wash and wear damages cotton fibers and creates bristle micro fibrils that attract and trap the dirt floating in the wash water. Cellulases cleave of these microfibrils to prevent the dirt from being trapped in the cotton, and the result is better whiteness and color, and fabrics that appear smoother. And now, let me explain how enzymes can compensate for the 3 other factors in Sinner’s circle
- First the mechanics: The well-renowned test institute Eurofins has tested soapbars with and without enzymes on very dirty collars. The conclusion was that the cleaning results were significantly better after washing just once with an enzymatic soap bar. In fact, Eurofinsobserved that getting the same result with the non-enzymatic soap bar required 2-3 more washes, and with that, saves effort spent on scrubbing.You can see the results right here on the right.
- But we also wanted to see how it would work with the consumers.So we did a blind test comparing the enzymatic soap bar to the non enzymatic soap bar and found that consumers could see the difference. In fact, on 8 out of 13 parameters, the consumers preferred the enzymatic soap bar. Particularly interesting was the fact that the consumers noticed significant differences in the effort that was required.-----------------------------NOTES:Mush of soap is the undesirable soft part of the bar that results from the hydration of a soap bar as it sits in a wet soap dish.Brandused: Liby’s normal commercial transparent soapbarwithoutenzymes and the same soapbarwithenzyme and premixadded
- Now let’s look at how enzymes can compensate for lower temperature in wash. Last year, Novozymes did a wash and wear study in China, where we asked Chinese families to compare two different detergents when washing in machines: A typical Chinese powder detergent containing proteases and a cost-neutral, surfactant-reduced detergent which was identical to the benchmark except for a 20% surfactants reduction and the addition of a cost-neutral enzyme cocktailcontaining protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase. We evaluated wash performance on 44 different stain monitors from various soil categories and you see the results here:[click]At room temperature (20 degrees Celcius), the remission is around 2220. At 30 degrees Celcius, you can see that the washing performance is significantly better. However, if the temperature increase is not possible or desirable, enzymes can actually achieve the same effect at 20 degrees Celcius.The results are also illustrated in the samples below the graph.NOTESTechnical details:Wash performance was tested in a Panasonic XQB65-Q680U automatic washing machine with a main wash time of 15 minutes with two rinse cycles and five repetitions of each wash condition. Both the water hardness and the wash temperature were controlled during the experiment and were 14 °dH and 20 or 30°C, respectively. The benchmark detergent were designed to represent a typical Chinese protease containing powder detergent. The cost neutral surfactant reduced detergent were identical to the benchmark detergent albeit with a reduction of 20 % in surfactants and an addition of a cost neutral enzyme cocktail containing protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase. Wash performance was evaluated on 44 different stain monitors from various soil categories Stain monitors:Aged blood; Salad dressing; Fluid make-up; Lipstick; Rice porridge; Freshly boiled tea; Blood/milk/ink; Groundnut oil/pigments; Hot pot bottom flavouring; Chocolate cream; Chocolate pudding; Carrot baby food; Fresh banana; Chocolate milk shake; Tennis clay; Kiwi; Whole scrubbed grass; Tomato soup (campbell); Detertec collar and cuffs monitor (China); CN National Standard carbon black; CN National Standard Egg white; CN National standard sebum; C-10; C-H035; CH-148; C-S-02-091; CS-08; CS-103; C-S-112; C-S-216-133; C-S-25; C-S-26; C-S-49-008 ; C-S-65; C-S-68; C-S-77B; EMPA111; 009KC; 031KC; Country veg soup; W-10T; WFK-10PF; WFK20D; JIS
- We also did a study in India this year where we compared a standard Indian powder detergent to a detergent optimized with an enzyme cocktail of protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase. We tested in simulated hand wash, with a 20-minute soak, followed by a short wash cycle with low mechanical action and then two rinse cycles.[click]The results again show that the enzymatic detergent improves washing performance at just 20 degrees Celcius[the far right bar]. It works better than washing with a standard detergent at 20 degrees [The left bar], and even compensates beyond the temperature increase to 30 degrees [middle bar]. So: Enzymes can actually add higher performance than a rise in temperature might add.NOTESTechnical details:Hand wash were simulated in a Panasonic XQB65-Q680U automatic washing machine with a soak time of 20 minutes followed by a main wash of either 12 minutes with two rinse cycles. Both the water hardness and the wash temperature were controlled during the experiment and were 550 ppm and 20 or 30°C, respectively. A total of five repetitions of each wash condition were conducted. The benchmark detergent was a commercial typical Indian powder detergent. The cost neutral surfactant reduced detergent was designed to simulate the benchmark detergent albeit with a reduction of 30 % in surfactants and an addition of a cost neutral enzyme cocktail containing protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase. Wash performance was evaluated on 20 different stain monitors from various soil categories.Stain monitors:Spinachconcentrate; CS-48 Freshlyboiledtea with milk; CS-20 Tomato Sauce; CS-80 Grass & Mud; PC-05 Blood/Milk/Ink; CS-28 Rice Starch; CS-47 Freshlyboiledtea; C-10 Pigment, oil, milk; WFK10LS Lipstick; WFK20GM Used motor oil; PaneerMakhani; PaneerPalak; Mango Pickle; Dal; 127 KC Leek and Potato Soup; 047 KC CurryVindaloo; 045 KC DopiazaCurry; 007 KC Carrot and Patoto Baby food; 108 KC Blood; Deterteccollar and cuffs monitor (Indian)
- Now let’s look at the time factor: In the same Chinese consumer wash and wear test last year, we also tested different wash times.[click]And what you see here is that a 15 minute wash gives a better result than the short 10 minute cycle. But washing for 10 minutes with the enzyme-optimized detergent yields an even better result than the longer wash. So: Longer wash time improves performance, but adding enzymes improves performance even more.The results are also illustrated in the samples below the graph.NOTESTechnical details:Wash performance was tested in a Panasonic XQB65-Q680U automatic washing machine with a main wash time of 15 minutes with two rinse cycles and five repetitions of each wash condition. Both the water hardness and the wash temperature were controlled during the experiment and were 14 °dH and 20 or 30°C, respectively. The benchmark detergent were designed to represent a typical Chinese protease containing powder detergent. The cost neutral surfactant reduced detergent were identical to the benchmark detergent albeit with a reduction of 20 % in surfactants and an addition of a cost neutral enzyme cocktail containing protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase. Wash performance was evaluated on 44 different stain monitors from various soil categories Stain monitors:Aged blood; Salad dressing; Fluid make-up; Lipstick; Rice porridge; Freshly boiled tea; Blood/milk/ink; Groundnut oil/pigments; Hot pot bottom flavouring; Chocolate cream; Chocolate pudding; Carrot baby food; Fresh banana; Chocolate milk shake; Tennis clay; Kiwi; Whole scrubbed grass; Tomato soup (campbell); Detertec collar and cuffs monitor (China); CN National Standard carbon black; CN National Standard Egg white; CN National standard sebum; C-10; C-H035; CH-148; C-S-02-091; CS-08; CS-103; C-S-112; C-S-216-133; C-S-25; C-S-26; C-S-49-008 ; C-S-65; C-S-68; C-S-77B; EMPA111; 009KC; 031KC; Country veg soup; W-10T; WFK-10PF; WFK20D; JIS
- We saw the same benefit in our Indian test.[click]Where a 12 minute wash achieved better results than the 6 minute wash. But a 6 minute wash with enzymes raised the washing performance of the short wash above the longer wash. So, a detergent that is optimized with an enzyme cocktail can compensate for shorter wash time, and there is no need to increase the temperature or the mechanical action.As mentioned, this can possibly be cost-neutral.On top of this, formulation optimization with enzymes will have some added benefits (that I will now show you.)Technical details:Hand wash were simulated in a Panasonic XQB65-Q680U automatic washing machine with a soak time of 20 minutes followed by a main wash of either 12 minutes with two rinse cycles. Both the water hardness and the wash temperature were controlled during the experiment and were 550 ppm and 20 or 30°C, respectively. A total of five repetitions of each wash condition were conducted. The benchmark detergent was a commercial typical Indian powder detergent. The cost neutral surfactant reduced detergent was designed to simulate the benchmark detergent albeit with a reduction of 30 % in surfactants and an addition of a cost neutral enzyme cocktail containing protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase. Wash performance was evaluated on 20 different stain monitors from various soil categories.Stain monitors:Spinach concentrate; CS-48 Freshly boiled tea with milk; CS-20 Tomato Sauce; CS-80 Grass & Mud; PC-05 Blood/Milk/Ink; CS-28 Rice Starch; CS-47 Freshly boiled tea; C-10 Pigment, oil, milk; WFK10LS Lipstick; WFK20GM Used motor oil; PaneerMakhani; PaneerPalak; Mango Pickle; Dal; 127 KC Leek and Potato Soup; 047 KC Curry Vindaloo; 045 KC Dopiaza Curry; 007 KC Carrot and Patoto Baby food; 108 KC Blood; Detertec collar and cuffs monitor (Indian)
- We can save CO2!Novozymes did a lifecycle analysis on the Chinese detergent versus the enzyme-optimized detergent and on this graph you see the CO2 emissions for the different test conditions.You see that the CO2 emissions per wash from the enzyme-optimized detergent is slightly lower than the emissions from the standard detergent. And if the temperature was increased or the wash time was prolonged to get a better washing performance, the emissions would increase by 5-30%. Now, these differences may appears small – but they only reflect one wash… [continue to next slide straight away]
- …But if all 3 million tons of detergent that is used in China every year were optimized with enzymes, the CO2 savings would equal [click]83,000 tons of CO2 – corresponding to taking 35,000 cars off the road. [click]Wastewater quality would be improved because enzymes are used in much smaller quantities than surfactants and 2,8 million m3 water could be safeguarded from unacceptable toxicity every year.
- [click]And using enzymes in the formulation to achieve the high performance means you don’t have to heat the water – and that could save 5 million tons CO2 equivalents.That corresponds to 2,1M cars off the road– or almost half of the cars in Beijing (5 million in February 2012)
- So, as Dr. Sinner suggested, there are many ways of reaching higher wash performance – both in hand and machine wash. Optimizing detergents with enzymes is an environmentally friendly way of doing it.Now let me show you how enzymes do the actual work.
- This is a Scanning Electron Microscopy picture of the fiber bundle in a cotton yarn.[click]This picture, shows a cotton fiber extracted from a swatch soiled with lard.[click]Here you see the cotton fiber after a full scale wash at 20 degrees Celcius with the standard Chinese detergent from the wash & wear trial that I mentioned earlier. You see that some of the lard is gone, but there is certainly soil left on the cotton.[click]Here, another cotton fiber has been washed in a full scale wash at 30 degrees Celcius. Again with the standard Chinese detergent. Clearly, more of the lard is gone. But solid lipid stains are difficult to remove for the detergent alone.[click]Finally, we washed a soiled cotton swatch at 20 degrees Celciuswith an enzyme-optimized detergent. And what you see is that the lipase removes as much of the lard at 20 degrees as the detergent can at 30 degrees, if not more.[Click to see all pictures at the same time]Technical details:SEM images of cotton yarn (fiber bundles) from FSW lard swatches; Unsoiled, Soiled, Detergent 20 C, Detergent 30 C and Detergent + lipase 20C.The first ever SEM study of FSW samples.The first ever SEM study performed with Asian wash conditions samples.
- A cross-section of the fibers clearly shows the remaining lipid soil. Here you see the cotton fiber from the soiled, unwashed swatch.[click]Here you see a fiber from a soiled swatch washed at 20 degrees Celciusin the standard Chinese detergent. You see that some of the lipid soiling is gone, but quite a lot remains in the middle of the fiber.[click]After a 30 degrees wash with the standard detergent, more of the lipid stain is removed and it seems that there are fewer areas with big chunks of stain remaining.[click]This fiber has been washed with the enzyme-optimized detergent and at 20 degrees and clearly there is less lipid left in the fiber and the particle size of what is left is smaller – compared to the fibers washed with the standard detergent at both 20 degrees and at 30 degrees.[click to see all pictures at the same time]
- So, how does thedetergent and the lipase contribute to lipid stain removal in a 20 degrees Celciuswash?To understand this, we use single fiber time-resolved fluorescence microscopy. First, let me explain how to look at these images: On the left hand side, you see a microscopic image of a single cotton fibers soiled with lard (the little bubbles on the fibers) On the right hand side, you see the corresponding fluorescence signal where yellow and red show increasing levels of lipid soilWith this technology, we can look at the detergency process and see how the detergent and the lipase interacts to remove the lipid soil. On the next page you will see two movies playing side by side. On the left hand side, you see what happens with the fiber soiled with lard in a wash with detergent alone. On the right you see how the cleaning is done by a detergent with lipase. THE MOVIES ARE DISABLED IN THIS SLIDESHARE PRESENTATION.
- So, in summaryEnzymes is an effective ingredient that can reduce the need for more time, efforts and adjustment of temperature in hand wash – and in machine washWe work with the latest technology methods to get an even deeper understanding of how we can improve our existing enzymes and develop new ones that solve unmet needs in laundry. In fact Novozymes invests around 14% on turnover in R&DWe do so, because we believe that enzymes play a key role in delivering the performance the consumers want while at the same time making laundering more sustainable. But, of course, there is still much more to go forIf you have any questions, I am very happy to discuss with you during this conference…[click to new slide]
- .. But for now, thank you for your attention.