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Why do people break
      rules?

Road rules, file sharing and
        plagiarism
•Reach a destination




                  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
•Reach a destination
•Pleasure




                  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
•Reach a destination
•Pleasure
•To make an impression




                  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
•Reach a destination
•Pleasure
•To make an impression
•Power and control




                  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Aggressive Behaviours




  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Aggressive Behaviours
•Tailgating




  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Aggressive Behaviours
•Tailgating
•Weaving




  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Aggressive Behaviours
•Tailgating
•Weaving
•Speeding




  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Aggressive Behaviours
•Tailgating
•Weaving
•Speeding
•Running red lights




  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Aggressive Behaviours
•Tailgating
•Weaving
•Speeding
•Running red lights
•Blocking passing lanes




  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Aggressive Behaviours
•Tailgating
•Weaving
•Speeding
•Running red lights
•Blocking passing lanes
•Honking horns




  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Aggressive Behaviours
•Tailgating
•Weaving
•Speeding
•Running red lights
•Blocking passing lanes
•Honking horns
•Swearing




  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Aggressive Behaviours
•Tailgating
•Weaving
•Speeding
•Running red lights
•Blocking passing lanes
•Honking horns
•Swearing
•Obscene gestures




  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Aggressive Behaviours
•Tailgating
•Weaving
•Speeding
•Running red lights
•Blocking passing lanes
•Honking horns
•Swearing
•Obscene gestures
•Flashing headlights




  (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Reasons for Aggressive Driving
Reasons for Aggressive Driving
•Habitually rushing


 (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Reasons for Aggressive Driving
•Habitually rushing
•Deliberately disrespecting others

 (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Reasons for Aggressive Driving
•Habitually rushing
•Deliberately disrespecting others
•Enjoying risky behaviour
 (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
Reasons for Aggressive Driving
•Habitually rushing
•Deliberately disrespecting others
•Enjoying risky behaviour
 (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
•Time pressure



 (Bone & Mowen, 2006)
Reasons for Aggressive Driving
•Habitually rushing
•Deliberately disrespecting others
•Enjoying risky behaviour
 (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
•Time pressure
•Tendency towards risk and arousal


 (Bone & Mowen, 2006)
Reasons for Aggressive Driving
•Habitually rushing
•Deliberately disrespecting others
•Enjoying risky behaviour
 (Jovanovic, Stanojevic & Stanojevic, 2011)
•Time pressure
•Tendency towards risk and arousal
•Social acceptance of competitive
    behaviour
 (Bone & Mowen, 2006)
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
•Traffic congestion




  (Bone & Mowen, 2006)
Risk Factors
•Traffic congestion
•Stress




  (Bone & Mowen, 2006)
Risk Factors
•Traffic congestion
•Stress
•Heat




  (Bone & Mowen, 2006)
Risk Factors
•Traffic congestion
•Stress
•Heat
•Alcohol and drug use




  (Bone & Mowen, 2006)
Risk Factors
•Traffic congestion
•Stress
•Heat
•Alcohol and drug use
•Smoking


  (Bone & Mowen, 2006)
Risk Factors
•Traffic congestion
•Stress
•Heat
•Alcohol and drug use
•Smoking
•Young male

  (Bone & Mowen, 2006)
Risk Factors
•Traffic congestion
•Stress
•Heat
•Alcohol and drug use
•Smoking
•Young male
•Unmarried
  (Bone & Mowen, 2006)
Moral Norms
(Godin, Conner &
Sheeran, 2005)
Moral Norms
(Godin, Conner &
Sheeran, 2005)
•Sanctions
 (Mulder, Verboon &
 de Cremer, 2009)
Moral Norms
(Godin, Conner &
Sheeran, 2005)
•Sanctions
 (Mulder, Verboon &
 de Cremer, 2009)

•Trust in authority
 (Mulder, Verboon &
 de Cremer, 2009)
Perceptions of Fines
Perceptions of Fines
•Compensation


 (Mulder, Verboon &
 de Cremer, 2009)
Perceptions of Fines
•Compensation
•Punishment

 (Mulder, Verboon &
 de Cremer, 2009)
Perceptions of Fines
•Compensation
•Punishment
•Fairness
 (Mulder, Verboon &
 de Cremer, 2009)
File-Sharing
File-Sharing
•Moral terms
 (Clark, 2007)
File-Sharing
•Moral terms
 (Clark, 2007)
•Control
 (Scharf, 2011)
File-Sharing
•Moral terms
 (Clark, 2007)
•Control
 (Scharf, 2011)
•Profit margins
  (Clark, 2007)
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
•Ignorance




 (East, 2010)
Plagiarism
•Ignorance
•Lack of skill and
    experience


 (East, 2010)
Plagiarism
•Ignorance
•Lack of skill and
    experience
•Deliberate disregard

 (East, 2010)
Plagiarism
•Ignorance
•Lack of skill and
    experience
•Deliberate disregard
•Lack of morality
 (East, 2010)
Plagiarism
•Ignorance
•Lack of skill and
    experience
•Deliberate disregard
•Lack of morality
 (East, 2010)




•Concept and morality
   must be taught
  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)
Plagiarism
•Ignorance
•Lack of skill and
    experience
•Deliberate disregard
•Lack of morality
 (East, 2010)




•Concept and morality
   must be taught
  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)




 •Hard work




  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)
Plagiarism
•Ignorance
•Lack of skill and
    experience
•Deliberate disregard
•Lack of morality
 (East, 2010)




•Concept and morality
   must be taught
  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)




 •Hard work
 •Honesty



  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)
Plagiarism
•Ignorance
•Lack of skill and
    experience
•Deliberate disregard
•Lack of morality
 (East, 2010)




•Concept and morality
   must be taught
  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)




 •Hard work
 •Honesty
 •Assessments

  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)
Plagiarism
•Ignorance
•Lack of skill and
    experience
•Deliberate disregard
•Lack of morality
 (East, 2010)




•Concept and morality
   must be taught
  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)




 •Hard work
 •Honesty
 •Assessments
 •Public
  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)
Motivation To Plagiarise
Motivation To Plagiarise
•Running out of time




  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)
Motivation To Plagiarise
•Running out of time
•Effort vs. Grade



  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)
Motivation To Plagiarise
•Running out of time
•Effort vs. Grade
•Workload

  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)
Motivation To Plagiarise
•Running out of time
•Effort vs. Grade
•Workload
•Pressure for Success
  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)
Motivation To Plagiarise
•Running out of time
•Effort vs. Grade
•Workload
•Pressure for Success
  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)



•Risk of punishment
•Environmental pressure
  (Gullifer & Tyson, 2010)
References

Bone, S. A., & Mowen, J. C. (2006). Identifying the traits of aggressive and distracted drivers:
     A hierarchical trait model approach. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 5, 454-464.
     doi:10.1002/cb.193.

Clark, B. (2007). Illegal downloads: Sharing out online liability: Sharing files, sharing risks.
      Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, 2, 402-418. doi:10.1093/jiplp/jpm070.

East, J. (2010). Judging plagiarism: A problem of morality and convention. Higher
       Education, 59, 69-83. doi:10.1007/s10734-009-9234-9.

Godin, G., Conner, M., & Sheeran, P. (2005). Bridging the intention-behaviour ‘gap’: The role
     of moral norm. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 497-512.
     doi:10.1348/014466604X17452.

Gullifer, J., & Tyson, G. A. (2010). Exploring university students’ perceptions of plagiarism: a
      focus group study. Studies in Higher Education, 35, 463-481.
      doi:10.1080/03075070903096508.

Jovanovic, D., Stanojevic, P., & Stanojevic, D. (2011). Motives for, and attitudes
     about, driving-related anger and aggressive driving. Social Behavior and
     Personality, 39, 755-764. doi:10.2224/sbp.2011.39.6.755.

Mulder, L. B., Verboon, P., & de Cremer, D. (2009). Sanctions and moral judgements: The
    moderating effect of sanction severity and trust in authorities. European Journal of
    Social Psychology, 39, 255-269. doi:10.1002/ejsp.506.

Scharf, N. (2011). Napster’s long shadow: Copyright and peer-to-peer technology. Journal of
     Intellectual Property Law & Practice, 6, 806-812. doi:10.1093/jiplp/jpr137
Copyright Notice

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Why do people break rules?