PECB Webinar: Energy Basics with ISO 50001

Speakers:Speakers:
Tarek BelalTarek Belal
Adel BelalAdel Belal
vv
1
Transport | Telecommunication | Energy
Speakers: Tarek Belal
Adel Belal
ISO 50001:2011

ContentsContents
•Types of EnergyTypes of Energy
•Units of EnergyUnits of Energy
•Model of EnergyModel of Energy
•Why Saving EnergyWhy Saving Energy
22

Objectives
The purpose of the session is to provide the
basics of the energy knowledge for the auditors
who will be involved in the energy management
audits, as well as the implementers who are
willing to work in this field. This session will be
part of other several sessions to be presented
through PECP media.
33

44
Types of EnergyTypes of Energy
Mechanical,
Electromagnetic,
Electrical,
Chemical and
Thermal

55
Examples of Mechanical Energy

66
Electromagnetic Energy
Light energy
Includes energy from
gamma rays, xrays,
ultraviolet rays, visible
light, infrared rays,
microwave and radio
bands

77
Electrical Energy
Energy caused by
the movement of
electrons
Easily transported
through power lines
and converted into
other forms of energy

88
Chemical Energy
Energy that is available
for release from
chemical reactions.
The chemical bonds in
a matchstick store
energy that is
transformed into
thermal energy when
the match is struck.

99
Examples of Chemical Energy

1010
Thermal Energy
Heat energy
The heat energy of an
object determines how
active its atoms are.
A hot object is one whose atoms and
molecules are excited and show
rapid movement.
A cooler object's molecules and
atoms will show less movement.

1111
Energy TransferEnergy Transfer
Chemical
Electrical
Electrical
Electrical
Sound
(mechanical)
Light
(Electromagnetic)
Thermal
Mechanical

Units of EnergyUnits of Energy
Energy is defined via work, the SI unit for energy is the same as the unit
of work – the joule (J), named in honor of James Prescott Joule and his
experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat. In slightly more
fundamental terms, 1 joule is equal to1 newton-metre and, in terms
of SI base units.
1212

The imperial/U.S. units for both energy and work include the foot-
pound force (1.3558 J), the British thermal unit (Btu) which has various
values in the region of 1055 J, and the horsepower-hour (2.6845 MJ).
ElectricityElectricity: particularly for utility bills, is the kilowatt-hour (kWh); one
kWh is equivalent to 3.6×106
J (3600 kJ or 3.6 MJ). Electricity usage is
often given in units of kilowatt-hours per year (kWh/yr). This is actually
a measurement of average power consumption, i.e., the average rate
at which energy is transferred.
Natural gas:Natural gas: Natural gas in the US is sold in Therms or 100 cubic feet.
One Therm is equal to about 105.5 mega joules. In the rest of the
world, natural gas is sold in giga joules(GJ).
1313

Food industry:Food industry: The calorie equals the amount of thermal
energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by
1 Celsius degree, at a pressure of 1 atm. For thermochemistry a calorie
of 4.184 J is used, but other calories have also been defined, such as
the International Steam Table calorie of 4.1868 J. Food energy is
measured in large calories or kilocalories, often simply written
capitalized as "Calories" (= 103
calories or kCal).
Atom physics and chemistry:Atom physics and chemistry: In physics and chemistry, it is still
common to measure energy on the atomic scale in the non-SI, but
convenient, units electronvolts (eV). The Hartree (the atomic unit of
energy) is commonly used in calculations. Historically Rydberg units
have been used.
1414

Explosions:Explosions: A gram of TNT releases 980–1100 calories upon explosion.
To define the tonne of TNT, this was arbitrarily standardized by letting
1000 thermochemical calories = 1 gram TNT = 4184 J (exactly).
1515

Model of EnergyModel of Energy
• Supplementing free solar energy
• 99% of heat comes from the sun
• Without the sun, the earth would be –240 0
C (-400 0
F)
• Supplement the other energy
• 1% with primarily non-renewable energy sources
• Primary Source
• “Primary energy is energy embodied in sources where human induced extraction or
capture, with or without separation from contiguous material, cleaning or grading,
must be undertaken before the energy can be traded, used or transformed.”
• Secondary Source
• “Secondary energy should be used to designate all sources of energy that results
from transformation of primary sources”
1616

Model of Energy: Primary SourceModel of Energy: Primary Source
are those that are either found or stored in nature.
•Common primary energy sources are:
• coal, oil, natural gas, and
• biomass (such as wood).
•Other primary energy sources available include:
• nuclear
• energy from radioactive
• substances, thermal energy
• stored in earth’s interior, and
• potential energy due to earth’s gravity.
1717

Model of Energy: Secondary SourceModel of Energy: Secondary Source
•Primary energy sources are mostly converted in
industrial utilities into secondary energy sources;
for example:
•coal, oil or gas converted into
• steam and
• electricity.
1818

Model of Energy: Commercial EnergyModel of Energy: Commercial Energy
and Non Commercial Energyand Non Commercial Energy
The energy sources that are available in the market for a definite price are known
as commercial energy; the most important forms of commercial energy are:
• electricity,
• coal and
• refined petroleum products.
The energy sources that are not available in the commercial market for a price are
classified as non-commercial energy Example:
• Firewood, agro waste in rural areas;
• solar energy for water heating, electricity generation, for drying grain, fish and fruits;
• animal power for transport, threshing, lifting
• water for irrigation, crushing sugarcane;
• wind energy for lifting water and electricity generation
1919

2020
Model of Energy: Renewable & Non-Model of Energy: Renewable & Non-
renewablerenewable
•Renewable (16%)
•Solar
•Wind
•Falling, flowing
water
•Biomass
•Non-renewable (84%)
•Oil
•Natural gas
•Coal
•Nuclear power

2121
Model of Energy: ImportantModel of Energy: Important
Nonrenewable Energy SourcesNonrenewable Energy Sources

2222
Model of Energy: Renewable energyModel of Energy: Renewable energy
sourcessources
•Solar
•Flowing water
•Wind
•Biomass
•Geothermal
•Hydrogen

2323
Model of Energy: Using Solar Energy toModel of Energy: Using Solar Energy to
Provide HeatProvide Heat
Passive solar heating Active solar heating
Using Solar Energy to Provide Heat

2424
Model of Energy: Using Solar EnergyModel of Energy: Using Solar Energy
to Provide High-Temperature Heat andto Provide High-Temperature Heat and
ElectricityElectricity
• Solar thermal systems
• Photovoltaic (PV) cells

Model of Energy: Producing ElectricityModel of Energy: Producing Electricity
from Moving Waterfrom Moving Water
• Large-scale hydropower
• Small-scale hydropower
• Tidal power plant
• Wave power plant
2525

2626
Model of Energy: Producing ElectricityModel of Energy: Producing Electricity
from Windfrom Wind

2727
Model of Energy: Producing EnergyModel of Energy: Producing Energy
from Biomassfrom Biomass
•Biomass and biofuels
•Biomass plantations
•Crop residues
•Animal manure
•Biogas
•Ethanol
•Methanol

2828
Model of Energy: Geothermal EnergyModel of Energy: Geothermal Energy
•Geothermal heat pumps
•Geothermal exchange
•Dry and wet steam
•Hot water
•Molten rock (magma)
•Hot dry-rock zones

Model of Energy: The HydrogenModel of Energy: The Hydrogen
RevolutionRevolution
•Environmentally friendly
•Extracting hydrogen efficiently
•Storing hydrogen
•Fuel cells
2929

3030
Why Saving Energy ?Why Saving Energy ?
The sun warms us and gives us light
during the day.

3131
At night, and during the colder months, we
need light and warmth from other sources…

3232
Since early times, people have lit fires ….
…. but fires make smoke, and are not
convenient in modern homes.

3333
The electricity which we
use is mostly made by
burning coal or gas in
power stations.

3434
… And our central heating boilers usually burn gas or oil.

3535
The trouble is, this makes lots of ‘greenhouse’
gases which scientists believe are warming up
the Earth and the air around it.

3636
The ice in the arctic is melting, and the polar
bears’ habitat is shrinking.

3737
In some hot countries, there is less rain,
and rivers are drying up.

3838
In places the land is becoming so dry that
the farmers can no longer grow crops.

3939
You can turn off the lights when you don’t
need them!

4040
Suggest that the grown ups who do the shopping buy energy saving light bulbs.

4141
Remind everyone to keep the
doors and windows shut when the
air conditioning is on, to keep the
temperature in.

•Also maintain good maintenance procedures in your
factory
•Enhance the production processes
•Good management to company logistics procedures
•Maintain high production rate with same energy
consumptions
•others
4242

Benefits of Saving EnergyBenefits of Saving Energy
4343
1. Improved environmental quality
Reduce global warming
Reduce acid rain
1. Improved economic competitiveness
Reduce the cost of production
Reduce industrial energy intensity
Create jobs
1. Improved energy security
Reduce imports of oil
Reduce vulnerability to energy shortages

Why Do Companies Make MajorWhy Do Companies Make Major
Investments?Investments?
4444
1. To satisfy environmental regulations
2. To improve product quality
3. To improve productivity
4. To save energy – ( relates to the other three reasons )

Who Needs To Learn EnergyWho Needs To Learn Energy
Management?Management?
4545
1. Plant managers
2. Building/facility managers
3. Utility energy analysts
4. Government energy analysts
5. Consulting engineers

Environmental ConsiderationsEnvironmental Considerations
4646
The energy used by business and industry contributes
to:
 Global environmental problems
(climate change, acid rain, and ozone depletion)
 Energy security problems of a nation
Commercial and industrial energy use accounts for a large share of:
 The CO2 released by burning fossil fuels
 The SO2 emitted by stationary sources

Energy ManagementEnergy Management
Energy management is the use of engineering and economic principles to
control the cost of energy used to provide needed services in buildings and
industries:
 Most savings in energy costs will come from improvements in energy
efficiency.
 Some savings will come from changing the patterns of energy use, and
possibly shifting to other sources of energy.
4747

Energy Cost SavingsEnergy Cost Savings
4848
No-cost actions and maintenance
5 to 15 percent savings
Low-cost or short payback actions
15 to 30 percent savings
Higher-cost or longer payback actions
30 to 50 percent savings, or more

4949

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