Modular Monolith - a Practical Alternative to Microservices @ Devoxx UK 2024
Β
Carol.scott
1. Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
Operability
Program Management Challenge
February 2010
Carol Scott
Constellation Space Transportation
Planning Office (CSTP)
1 Used with Permission
2. Operability for Constellation System
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
ο Constellation Program has made progress toward operability during
the early design phase of life cycle
ο Constellation Space Transportation Planning office developed
Constellation Operability Advocacy Assessment.
ο Current State
ο Operability β Definition
ο Current Approaches
ο New Operability Efforts
2
3. Scope - Operability
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
ο To have successful, safe, and cost effective mission execution:
ο βPerformanceβ must be balanced with βOperabilityβ in the
system engineering design process
ο Therefore design engineers must consider:
ο How one part of the design solution effects the safe processing
and operations of the system and the other portions of the total
system engineering solution
ο How a design decision must be incorporated into the
hardware/software through the stages of the lifecycle
ο How trades are made between technical design, design
cost/schedule considerations, and operations cost/schedule
considerations
3
4. Design Solution Example: Upper Stage Helium Bottle
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
ο Performance vs. Operability
ο I can gain performance by placing helium bottles inside cryogenic hydrogen tank,
taking advantage of cold hydrogen, leading to smaller helium bottle.
ο How one part of the design solution effects the safe processing and operations of
the system and the other portions of the total system engineering solution
ο Design Solution for helium bottle location for Upper Stage
ο Can the Upper Stage hydrogen cryogenic system operate sufficiently with helium bottles in
Upper Stage, leaks?
ο What are production issues, ground processing issues, special flight operation procedures?
ο Added complexity to maintaining ullage pressure during flight?
ο How a design decision must be incorporated into the hardware/software through
the stages of the lifecycle
ο Design solution evolution from PDR/CDR/ Production Operations and Sustaining
ο How trades are made between technical design, design cost/schedule
considerations, and operations cost/schedule considerations
ο Helium bottle location in hydrogen tank vs. tank major structure
ο Structural loads for tank position
ο Design cost and schedule for each option
ο Operations sustaining cost and schedule for production, ground and flight
4
5. Current State
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
ο Operability β no common agency/program definition
ο Initial design trade studies focus on performance first.
ο Operability becomes a focus after vehicle performance
requirements are established
ο Operability consequences of utilizing heritage hardware and
infrastructure
ο Heritage facilities bring fixed constants affecting operability
ο Clean sheet will usually have fewer facilities
ο Heritage facilities have fixed capacities, may be more than CxP
needs
ο Heritage facilities must concurrently accommodate CSTP
production & operations and CxP modifications for lunar phase
ο Estimated Constellation production, sustaining and operations
(Phase D&E of life cycle) costs are too high
5
6. Operability β Definition
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
ο Operability is the summation the system characteristics (Producibility, Reliability, Interoperability,
Sustainability, Maintainability) to ensure safe flight while minimizing fixed and variable costs during
the Production, Operating and Sustaining Phases (Phase D & E) of the life cycle.
ο Producibility is the ease and economy with which a
completed design can be fabricated, manufactured or coded
into hardware/software products. (SP-6105 Dec 2007)
ο Reliability is robustness of system to be fault tolerant during
Producibility Op its operating parameters and environment to safely achieve the
Reliability erab mission
Interoperability ilit (SP-6105 Dec 2007)
y
Sustainability ο Interoperability is the ease of exchanging data between
Maintainability design and operations tools for reduced human error and
complexity of the integration tasks (SP-6105 Dec 2007)
P + R SummationM = O
+I+S+
ο Sustainability is upholding and supporting the configuration
of the system through the operating life cycle.
ο Maintainability is the inherent characteristics of a design that
contribute to the ease and economy to assemble, integrate,
retain or restore the hardware/software to specified conditions
safely and accurately (SP-6105 Dec 2007)
OPhase D&E = OProduction + OGround + OFlight + OManagement Systems
6 SP-6105: NASA System Engineering Handbook Dec 2007
7. Current Approaches
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
CxP Operability Evolution
ο Constellation Architecture Requirements Document (CARD): high level
operability requirements
ο Constellation Operability Optimization List
ο Numerous examples for operability derived between Ground Operations and
Flight Design projects
ο Ares Operability Assessment Team Established
ο Dozens of operability changes incorporated between Ares and Ground
Operations projects during PDR cycle collaboration
ο Software and data architecture emphasizes moving from document management
to data management
ο Cx program operations engineer position added to help identify key operations
engineering activities throughout 2007 to present
ο Orionβs PDR included operability as emphasis area
7
8. Operability Successes
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
ο Ares I/ Ground Ops
ο Adoption of mono-propellant systems for RoCS, ReCS and FS TVC
ο Commonality of commodity reduces processing hazards/loading timelines/maintenance cost
ο ReCS service panel relocation to OML for access ease
ο RoCS service panel relocation to I/S door area eliminates access arm
ο Interstage door relocation aligns for ReCS service panel and eliminates 2 separate
access arms
ο Orion Production
ο Developed segmented Crew Module (CM) concept
ο Saves four months of AI&P schedule in the O&C
ο Top half the CM is welded after outfitting (Previous to this design the only access was via
the hatch)
ο Implement cable harness wire identification
ο Ground Ops
ο VAB Platforms
ο New platforms selected over modified Shuttle allowing for optimal access
ο Separate VAB platform levels, not ganged platform assemblies, allow for individual
platform operations reducing operational constraints between task
ο Platform inserts at vehicle interfaces providing flexibility for future vehicle changes
8
9. New Operability Efforts
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
ο Agency establishes CSTPO:
ο Production, Operations, and Sustaining counterpart to the Constellation Programβs DDT&E role.
ο Cx Associate Program Manager for Operations and Sustaining
Constellation Program Constellation Space
Transportation Program
LEO
Lunar
Mars
9
10. New Operability Efforts
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
ο CSTP Organization
ο Establishing interfaces between CxP and CSTP (ESMD and SOMD)
ο Interfacing with CxP boards and panels
ο Embedding into design centersβ processes
ο Evaluating cost drivers during the next two PPBE cycles
ο Evaluate mechanisms for funding operability opportunities
ο CSTP Technical Authority Support
ο Engineering
ο Co-located 24 Flight Program System Engineers (FPSE) w/ designers
ο Evaluating operability opportunities during design (PDR-CDR)
ο Safety & Mission Assurance
ο Defining flight hardware safety organization structure and interfaces with
JSC and MSFC S&MA
10
11. Summary
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
ο Define Operability for Constellation phase D & E
ο Address operability of production, ground operations, flight operations, management
systems and lessons for the next Architecture Cycle (Lunar)
To have successful, safe, and cost effective mission execution;
βPerformanceβ must be balanced with βOperabilityβ
in the System Engineering Design Process
Performance + Operability = Mission Success
Producibility Op
Reliability erab
Maintainability ilit
y
Interoperability
Sustainability
Optimization
11
12. Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
ο NASA has established CSTP in late 2008 to be the Operations and Sustaining counterpart
to the Constellation DDT&E Program
ο CSTP is embedded into the CxP processes to prepare the Constellation Ares I/ Orion block
I for the Operations and Sustaining phase of the life cycle.
ο Includes Production, Ground Processing, Flight Ops and Recovery
ο Charter:
ο Lay the groundwork for the Constellation Space Transportation Program
ο Work within the agency governance structure
ο Establish in program/project activities and processes the
ο Engineering Technical Authority
ο Safety Technical Authority
ο Health and Medical Technical Authority
ο Work with the Cx program and projects to establish collaborative relationships
ο Work closely with the Mission Operations Directorate at JSC
ο Flight rule development, planning, ascent, on orbit, and reentry/landing support
ο Constellation Space Transportation Program
ο Charter:
ο Manage the production, sustaining engineering, launch preparations, on-orbit and
recovery of the Ares I/Orion vehicle configuration that will transport crew safely
to/from the ISS