Slides for Okay Computer workshop by Anna Morris @ Manchester Girl Geek Tea Party

1. Welcome!

2. Introduction Very Knowledgeable ? Fairly Knowledgeable I know Nathing...

3. Introduction ? A few new things Confidence to teach Don't forget the “outsider” perspective I learn, I learn I get better! Help others “ Outsider” perspective New ways of teaching? Different shaped picture?

4. Menu 1 2 3 4 The Basics Freedom The Basics Computers History Stuff before now Freedom Philosophy, Practical, Comparison

5. The Basics Freedom

6. The Basics: Free as in what now? Okay_Computer

7. The Basics: Free as in what now? Okay_Computer Without restraint Uninhibited Liberated Able Autonomous self-directed/self-governed unrestricted Low or no cost Something for nothing Bargain Loss leader Gratis Comp Chargeless Freebie Charity Aid Welfare For love Hand Out Grant Liberating Enabling Support

8. Why do I use Free Software? Low/No cost Ethical reasons

9. The Basics: 4 freedoms (a glance) Okay_Computer Freedom 3: Improve, release improvements (code). Freedom 0: Run it. Freedom 1: Study it, change it (code). Freedom 2: redistribute: help your neighbour. YO! YO! YO! BEWARE OF THE NERD JOKE!

10. Okay_Computer The Basics: words, words, words. Categories of Software: free or not? As in: “A proprietor or owner ; one who has exclusive title to a thing; one who possesses , or holds the title to, a thing in his own right.” - Fuller. [1913 Webster]

11. Okay_Computer The Basics: words, words, words. Categories of Software: free or not?

12. The Basics Computers

13. The Basics: computer speakey dahling CODE HELLO WORLD! Okay_Computer Program Source Code 1 and 3 Learn, Change, Improve 01001000011010010010110000100000011011010111100100100000011011100110000101101101011001010010000001101001011100110010000001000001011011100110111001100001 0000110100001010 ?

14. What is Software? Binary/Executable Source code

15. The Basics: Top-to-Tail Okay_Computer Relationship Chart

16. The Basics: a few finer points Okay_Computer Software: programs made from code “ Traditional property forms are local and contingent. Modern, or vectoral [information] property is abstract and universal” – A Hacker Manifesto Which type of property is software? Is it the book or the information? Is it the canvas or the art? It's a point of debate. It makes accurate analogies hard to find!!

17. The Basics: parts of the process Okay_Computer Components * Kernel * User Interface * Memory management * File system * Drivers * Networking * Security * (library) *

18. History Stuff before now

19. History: GNU/Linux and FSF Okay_Computer 1983 : GNU's not UNIX – the birth of the movement. 1990: One missing link... (has anyone seen the Kernel?) 1985: Money and gadgets needed, Free Software Foundation is born. 1984: Work begins on making an alternative operating system, GNU manifesto is written. 1991: C hap by the name of Linus makes a unix-like kernel what is therefore named Linux. 1992: Linux becomes free, GNU/Linux is born NOW : GNU/Linux is used by zillions of people via distributions like Ubuntu (and Debian). In the beginning : freedom in software was normal... After that : things changed

20. History: GNU/Linux and FSF Okay_Computer 1983 : GNU's not UNIX – the birth of the movement. 1990: One missing link... (has anyone seen the Kernel?) 1985: Money and gadgets needed, Free Software Foundation is born. 1984: Work begins on making an alternative operating system, GNU manifesto is written. 1991: C hap by the name of Linus makes a unix-like kernel what is therefore named Linux. 1992: Linux becomes free, GNU/Linux is born NOW : GNU/Linux is used by zillions of people via distributions like Ubuntu (and Debian). In the beginning : “free” software was normal... After that : things changed

21. Okay_Computer A long long time ago... (...when computers and women looked all vintage...) Computer programs were shared like recipes... Everybody was friends and there was peace and love all around.. (except in Vietnam) History: The good old days

22. History: The end of Eden Okay_Computer Various technical things happened... Proprietary software was born... A very clever hairy man got annoyed... The love and peace was destroyed... '“If you share with your neighbour, you are a pirate. If you want any changes, beg us to make them” ' Richard M. Stallman

23. 1983 : GNU's not UNIX – the birth of the Free Software Movement. History: GNU/Linux and FSF Okay_Computer 1990: One missing link... (has anyone seen the Kernel?) 1985: Money and gadgets needed, Free Software Foundation is born. 1984: Work begins on making an alternative operating system, GNU manifesto is written. 1991: C hap by the name of Linus makes a unix-like kernel what is therefore named Linux. 1992: Linux becomes free, GNU/Linux is born NOW : GNU/Linux is used by zillions of people via distributions like Ubuntu (and Debian). In the beginning : freedom in software was normal... After that : things changed

24. History: what's a GNU? I haven't a clue! Okay_Computer One Gnu Two Gnu A Gnu too! GNU was the name chosen for the new, FREE operating system. A type of Wildebeast... Big horns, lots of hair... Recursive Acronym: GNU's Not Unix Unix = A proprietary OS from the 60's (the original competition) “ A system compatible with Unix would be convenient for many other people to adopt.” Mac OS and Google Chrome are Unix descendants. BEWARE OF THE NERD JOKE!

25. History: use the force! Okay_Computer Shared like recipes. Now your a pirate and a beggar. Choose freedom!!

26. History: GNU/Linux and FSF Okay_Computer 1983 : GNU's not UNIX – the birth of the movement. 1990: One missing link... (has anyone seen the Kernel?) 1985: Money and gadgets needed, Free Software Foundation is born. 1 984: Work begins on making the GNU OS, GNU manifesto is written . 1991: C hap by the name of Linus makes a unix-like kernel what is therefore named Linux. 1992: Linux becomes free, GNU/Linux is born NOW : GNU/Linux is used by zillions of people via distributions like Ubuntu (and Debian). In the beginning : freedom in software was normal... After that : things changed

28. Doesn't totally separate Free-stuff and

29. free-freedom as is required today: eg “Like air”

30. You can see the beginnings of the 4 freedoms

31. He sounds young! But his young bold dreams...

32. ...Created a huge movement... anything is possible!

33. He put everything into it, left his job at MIT!!!

34. And interestingly, MIT helped him anyway : ) Okay_Computer

35. History: GNU/Linux and FSF Okay_Computer 1983 : GNU's not UNIX – the birth of the movement. 1990: One missing link... (has anyone seen the Kernel?) 1985: Money and gadgets needed, Free Software Foundation is born. 1984: Work begins on making an alternative operating system, GNU manifesto is written. 1991: C hap by the name of Linus makes a unix-like kernel what is therefore named Linux. 1992: Linux becomes free, GNU/Linux is born NOW : GNU/Linux is used by zillions of people via distributions like Ubuntu (and Debian). In the beginning : freedom in software was normal... After that : things changed

36. Okay_Computer History: The Free Software Foundation

37. History: GNU/Linux and FSF Okay_Computer 1983 : GNU's not UNIX – the birth of the movement. 1990: One missing link... (has anyone seen the Kernel?) 1985: Money and gadgets needed, Free Software Foundation is born. 1984: Work begins on making an alternative operating system, GNU manifesto is written. NOW : GNU/Linux is used by zillions of people via distributions like Ubuntu (and Debian). In the beginning : freedom in software was normal... After that : things changed 1991: C hap by the name of Linus makes a unix-like kernel what is therefore named Linux. 1992: Linux becomes free, GNU/Linux is born BEWARE OF THE NERD JOKE!

38. Okay_Computer History: Linux and GNU/Linux Everything but the... * User Interface * Memory management * File system * Drivers * Networking * Security * (library) * Kernel Kernel GNU/LINUX

39. How does Linux fit in to this? Linux is an Operating System Kernel http://kernel.org/

40. Okay_Computer History: Linux and GNU/Linux “ HURD is a mutually recursive acronym , standing for HIRD of Unix-replacing daemons, where HIRD stands for HURD of interfaces representing depth. As both hurd and hird are just alternate spellings for the English word herd, the full name GNU Hurd is also a play on the words herd of gnus , reflecting how the kernel works” BEWARE OF THE NERD JOKE! GNU/LINUX

41. * Memory management * Networking * Security * Drivers * (library) * File system * User Interface Okay_Computer History: Linux and GNU/Linux A Distribution “ It means that much wasteful duplication of system programming effort will be avoided. This effort can go instead into advancing the state of the art.” - GNU Manifesto GNU/LINUX Ubuntu is designed primarily for desktop use, although netbook and server editions exist as well. User-friendly focus, Daddy is Debian – more free But harder to use... Puppy Linux is a lightweight Linux distribution that focuses on ease of use. Can run of a USB drive. Can run on a computer with no hard-drive. Can rescue lost Files.

42. Freedom Philosophy, Practical, Comparison

43. Freedom 0: The freedom to run the program for any purpose. Freedom 1: The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wish. Freedom 2: The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbour Freedom 3: The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements (and modified versions in general) to the public, so that the whole community benefits. Freedom: the 4 freedoms (0-3!)

44. Freedom Freedom zero Freedom 0: The freedom to run the program for any purpose.

45. Freedom: Freedom Zero? Windows: you may not: * rent, lease or lend the software. *use for commercial software hosting services. *S ell the product to anyone in Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, or Syria. And you may: sell the software once , if you are the first user. The end user license agreement for Windows Vista Home Basic, Home Premium and Ultimate http://blogs.fsfe.org/rca/?p=32 Mac: If you use our software to break copyright law , we no longer license the software to you. (Ha! So there!) * You may: ONLY on Apple hardware. .. *You may not: use the voices to e.g. read out text messages sent to a phone system your company offers. The end user license agreement for Mac OS X Snow Leopard. Examples of its absence (paraphrased for your convenience..) RUN IT! UGLY! If the software were a Car, only the elected Gov – via DVLA - can Enforce this kind of rule.

46. Freedom: Freedom Zero? Its an overlooked freedom Its about intellectual property, which is a questionable area of law Fewer examples of its absence But: restricting it? Say WHAT? You bought it, its yours! "Control over the use of one's ideas" really constitutes control over other people's lives; and it is usually used to make their lives more difficult .” "Don't people have a right to control how their creativity is used?" RUN IT!

47. Freedom: Freedom Zero? RUN IT! ? YES! YES! YES! YES! YES! YES! YES! YES! YES! YES! YES! YES! YES! YES! That which has the power, or not the power, to operate , is that alone which is or is not free. - Locke. [1913 Webster] “ In this freedom, it is the user's purpose that matters , not the developer's purpose; you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes.” - The free software definition

48. Freedom: Freedom Zero! The freedom to kill RUN IT! The freedom to kill people “ Free Software will never tell you not to use the software for a particular purpose”. “ You can run the software to kill people — the Linux kernel is used to kill people by being employed in weapons systems.” “ But Free Software is also used to save people’s lives. ” and provide sustainable/affordable computers for charities and voluntary groups With great power comes great responsibility

49. Freedom 0 The freedom to run the program, for any purpose.

50. Freedom Freedom one Freedom 1: The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wish.

51. Freedom: Freedom One STUDY AND CHANGE 1 and 3 Learn, Change, Improve Your Print Job is done! The Printer is Jammed! (again)

52. Freedom: Freedom One STUDY AND CHANGE Without this freedom

54. The deepest reason for this is moral education...

55. … Schools should teach good citizenship...

56. ...helping and sharing! (freedom 2)

57. (and empowerment!) YO! YO! YO!

58. Freedom: Freedom One STUDY AND CHANGE YO! YO! YO!

59. ? Freedom: Freedom One STUDY AND CHANGE Complete system sources will be available to everyone. As a result, a user who needs changes in the system will always be free to make them himself, or hire any available programmer or company to make them for him. Users will no longer be at the mercy of one programmer or company which owns the sources and is in sole position to make changes.” - The GNU manifesto. YES! YES!

61. Freedom 1 The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wish. Access to the source code is a precondition for this.

62. Freedom Freedom two Freedom 2: The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbour

63. Freedom: Freedom Two REDISTRIBUTE “ Software sellers want to divide the users and conquer t hem, making each user agree not to share with others. I refuse to break solidarity with other users in this way.” - The GNU Manifesto. “ Everyone will be permitted to modify and redistribute GNU, but no distributor will be allowed to restrict its further redistribution.” - The GNU Manifesto. SHARING IS GOLDEN

64. Freedom: Freedom Two REDISTRIBUTE ? NO! NO! Without this freedom 1

65. Freedom: Freedom Two REDISTRIBUTE YES!

66. Freedom Freedom three Freedom 3: The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements (and modified versions in general) to the public, so that the whole community benefits.

67. Freedom: Freedom Three IMPROVE+RELEASE YES! A Distribution “ It means that much wasteful duplication of system programming effort will be avoided. This effort can go instead into advancing the state of the art.” - GNU Manifesto Improvement is a matter of opinion/Individual need Potentially endless variety possible Production of software suited to YOU and... ...not (necessarily) suited to a profit margin!

68. Freedom A long Road.

69. Freedom: Degrees of Freedom Okay_Computer? http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/columns/gnu_linux_and_freedom_nonfree_software_hidden_in_your_linux_distribution Firmware Non free blobletts here Drivers Software My hands are guilty, but my heart is free. -Dryden

70. okay_computer Summary

71. The Basics: 4 freedoms (a glance) Okay_Computer Freedom 3: Improve, release improvements (code). Freedom 0: Run it. Freedom 1: Study it, change it (code). Freedom 2: redistribute: help your neighbour. YO! YO! YO!