1. Lesley C. B12
Oral Malodor: Causes and
Treatment-Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in
the mouth may be a warning sign of gum
(periodontal) disease. (Web MD).
-Gum disease is caused by the buildup
of plaque on teeth. Bacteria cause the for-
mation of toxins to form, which irritate the
gums.
-If gum disease continues untreated, it can
damage the gums and jawbone.
-Visit the dentist if you notice bad breath
that continues for a period of time or
doesn’t go away!
Bad Breath Can Be a Sign
of Something Serious
For the patient
Everything you wanted to know, but never asked
The stages of periodontal disease
Daniel, Susan J., Sherry A. Harfst, and Rebecca S. Wilder.
"38." Mosby's Dental Hygiene: Concepts, Cases, and
Competencies. St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier, 2008. N. pag.
Print.
References
"Bad Breath Causes, Treatments, and Prevention." WebMD. WebMD, n.d.
Web. 07 Dec. 2014.

2. -90% comes from intraoral sources such as:
-Mouth and tongue: Bacteria accumulation on the
tongue and in peri-
odontal pockets
>4mm.
-Nasal, sinus, oro-
pharyngeal: Aller-
gies, common cold,
and sinusitis can
produce odor.
-Xerostomia (dry
mouth): Less saliva increases bac-
terial growth.
-Lower respiratory tract and
lungs: Compromised pulmonary
function, pneumonia, cancer, etc.
need to be treated by physican.
-Kidney disease, diabetes, and GI diseases must be
controlled.
-Ingested food, fluids, and medications: Tobacco
and alcohol are examples.
What Can I do to Prevent Bad
Breath?
-Mechanical plaque removal (brushing,
flossing, tongue scraper, mouth rinse,
etc.)
-Use of chemotherapeutic agents, for ex-
ample: mouthrinse, toothpaste, tongue
gels and sprays, chewing gum or mints.
-Consider electric toothbrush for better
plaque removal.
-Avoid sugar-containing gum, mints, or
lozenges; instead choose those containing
xylitol or zinc.
-Maintain regular professional dental hy-
giene care and intervention.
"Bad Breath Causes, Treatments, and Prevention." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2014.
What Causes Bad Breath?
Bacteria inside
the mouth is the
number one
cause of bad
breath.
(Mosby’s).
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