8. 美國死亡率曲線圖, 1965-1998
Reference: GOLD Teaching Slide Kit. Updated 2006. (National Institute of Health).
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
Coronary
heart
disease
Stroke Other
CVD
COPD All other
causes
-59% -64% -35% +163% -7%
Percentage change in age-adjusted death rates in USA, from 1965 to 19981
Proportionof1965rate
因COPD造成死亡的比率有逐年增加的趨勢
11. FEV1(%ofvalueatage25)
100
75
50
25
0
25 50 75
Never smoked
or not susceptible
to smoke
Stopped at 65
Stopped at 45
Disability
Smoked regularly
and susceptible
to its effects
Death
Age (years)
Reference: Fletcher & Peto. Br Med J 1977; 1: 1649-1648.
抽菸對肺功能的影響
20. COPD急性惡化發生死亡風險高於心肌梗塞
20
Mortality after first severe
COPD exacerbation
Mortality after first
myocardial infarction
at 1 year1* NSTEMI at 1 year2† STEMI at 1 year2†
1. Suissa S, et al. Thorax 2012;67:957–963.
2. McManus DD, et al. Am J Med 2011;124:40–47.
預防急性惡化 是對於肺阻塞病人非常重要的治療指標!!!
25. Group C
A long-acting bronchodilator
( LABA or LAMA)
Persistent
symptoms
LAMA+LABA
Group B
Preferred Treatment =
Further
Exacerbation(s) LAMA+LABA+ICS
Consider roflumilast
if FEV1 < 50% pred. & patients
has chronic bronchitis
Consider macrolide
(in former smoker)
A bronchodilator
Evaluate effect
Continue, stop or try
alternative class of
bronchodilator
Group A
Group D
LAMA
LAMA+LABA LABA + ICS
LAM
A
LAMA+LABA LABA + ICS
Further
Exacerbation(s)
Further
Exacerbation(s)
GOLD 2019治療新準則