1. EVkadYVg
eZVgad[cdgi]Zgc@VoV`]hiVc
New aluminium smelter and
trade with Russia and China raise
hopes. Anthony Robinson reports
ENRC’s E6KAD96GJH:9IDWZ[Vbdjh[dg^ihigVXidgh#I]^hlVh il^aagZVX][jaaXVeVX^inWn'%l]Zcbdhid[i]Z
aluminium
smelter
VaZVXnd[i]Z.+%hl]Zci]^hCdgi]ZgcX^in!XadhZ '*%!%%%idccZVnZVgdjiejil^aaWZZmedgiZYid
idi]ZGjhh^VcWdgYZg!lVhdcZd[i]ZbV^cXZcigZhd[ Gjhh^VVcY8]^cV#
C^`^iV@]gjhX]ZkÉhK^g^cAVcYhegd_ZXi#I]ZHdk^Zi 7j^ai[dgi]Z:jgVh^VcCVijgVaGZhdjgXZh
aZVYZgÉhV^blVhiddeZcjei]ZHdk^ZiegV^g^Zh!_jhi 8dgedgVi^dc:CG8!i]ZAdcYdcfjdiZYVajb^c^jb!
VhgVcX]ZghVcY[VgbZgh]VY[daadlZYXdlWdnh^cid [ZggdX]gdbZ!^gdcb^c^cVcYZcZgnXdbeVcn!
i]Z6bZg^XVcLZhiVXZcijgnZVga^Zg!Vai]dj]i]Z i]ZbV^can8]^cZhZbVYZZfj^ebZci[dgi]Z
aViiZgY^YhdVh[gZZbZcVcYcdiXdaaZXi^kZ[VgbZgh# hbZaiZg!hjeea^ZYVcY^chiVaaZYWni]Z8]^cVCdc
;Vgb^ccZZYhigVXidghVcYbV`^ci]ZbXadhZ [ZggdjhBZiVacYjhignÉh;dgZ^c:c^cZZg^cVcY
idi]ZK^g^cAVcYh!^cVX^inl^i]ddYgV^aa^c`h 8dchigjXi^dc8d!^hVgZÓ ZXi^dcd[gVe^Yangdl^c
VcYVcZc^cZZg^cVcYbZiVaajg^XVaigVY^i^dc! ZXdcdb^Xa^c`hWZilZZc@VoV`]hiVcVcY8]^cV#
bVYZhZchZ#EVkadYVg[VXidg^ZhVahdbVYZgdX`Zih :CG8Éhad^hi^XhY^k^h^dcVagZVYndeZgViZhVgZ
VcYYZVYanX]Zb^XVah[dgX]Zb^XValVg[VgZ!Wji adVY^ciZgb^cVadci]Z@VoV`]8]^cVWdgYZgVcY^h
hed`ZaZhhVWdjii]Zb# ^ckZhi^c.%%b^aa^dc^ci]Z8]^cVViZlVnEgd_ZXi#
7jil]Vi]Vh^kZci]^haVgZanZi]c^XGjhh^Vc I]^h^ckdakZhXdchigjXi^dcd[VcZl(%%`bgV^alVn
[dgbZg[gdci^Zg[dgigZhhVcZlaZVhZd[a^[ZV[iZgV a^cZidi]Z8]^cZhZWdgYZgVcYigVch]^ebZciVcY
Y^[ÒXjaiedhi^cYZeZcYZcXZYZXVYZ^hVheVc`^c egdXZhh^codcZhVii]ZWdgYZged^ci#
cZl.%%b^aa^dcVajb^c^jbhbZaiZg#I]ZÒ ghi 7jiEVkadYVgVahd]VhXadhZi^Zhl^i]Gjhh^V!hdbZ
hiVZ!XVeVWaZd[egdYjX^c+*!%%%idccZhVnZVg!lVh +%`bVlVn#I]ZcZlhbZaiZg^hedlZgZYWnVW^
deZcZY^c9ZXZbWZg'%%,WnEgZh^YZciCVoVgWVnZk# ]nYgdedlZghiVi^dcVXgdhhi]Zginh]G^kZgl]^X]
CK:HIC@6O6@=HI6C

2. CITYSCAPES
gjchi]gdj]i]ZX^in#I]Zg^kZggjchi]gdj]V cdi^XZVWanhbVaaZgi]Vc^iheZZgh#[ndjiV`ZVXadhZg
hig^cd[cdgi]Zgc@VoV`]X^i^ZhÄJhi@VbZcddgh`! add`^ihi^aa]VhVi^caVWZadc^i#HiVbeZYdci]ZaVWZa
HZb^eVaVi^ch`VcYEVkadYVg^ihZa[ÄWZ[dgZXgdhh^c VgZi]ZldgYhÄÈBZigdK^X`Zgh!BVcX]ZhiZgÉÄ^c
i]ZGjhh^VcWdgYZg#I]Zginh]^hXdch^YZgZYidWZ 8ng^aa^XhXg^ei#
dcZd[i]ZgZViÈH^WZg^VcÉg^kZgh#I]^h^hWZXVjhZ! CZVgan+*nZVghVd!i]^hZcZgVidglVhadVYZY
Vai]dj]^ig^hZh^ci]ZbdjciV^chd[lZhiZgc8]^cV dcidV7g^i^h]h]^eidWZiV`ZcdcVc6gXi^XXdckdnid
VcYÓdlh[dg]jcYgZYhd[`^adbZigZhi]gdj] BjgbVch`!i]Zdcan^XZ[gZZedgi^ccdgi]ZgcGjhh^V#
cdgi]Zgc@VoV`]hiVc!^ibdhianbZVcYZghVXgdhhi]Z I]Zh]^e!a^`ZbVcnXVggn^cVaa^ZYlVghjeea^Zh
d^ag^X]bVgh]aVcYhd[lZhiZgcH^WZg^V# idHiVa^cÉhVgb^Zh!lVhhjc`WnZgbVcJWdVih
6i@]VcinBVch^nh`!^ci]Z]ZVgid[H^WZg^Vcd^a WZ[dgZ^igZVX]ZY]VgWdjg#7jiiZcnZVghaViZg!HiVa^c
Xdjcign!i]Zginh]_d^ch[dgXZhl^i]i]Zb^]inG^kZg gZbZbWZgZYVcYdgYZgZYi]Zh]^eidWZWgdj]iid
DWWZ[dgZÓdl^cVcdi]Zg!%%%`b^cidi]Z6gXi^X i]Zhjg[VXZ#
DXZVcÄbdgZi]Vc)!%%%`b[gdb^ihhiVgi^ced^ci# I]ZZcZgVidglVh[djcY!iV`ZcVh]dgZ!Yg^ZY
ci]ZdaYYVnh!i]Z8oVgZmZgiZYeda^i^XVaXdcigda! djiVcYgZbdjciZY^ci]ZcZl]nYgdedlZghiVi^dc
VcY`ZeiVlViX][jab^a^iVgnZnZ!dkZgl]Vi^hcdl i]djhVcYhd[`^adbZigZh[gdbi]Z6gXi^X#i^hhi^aa
cdgi]Zgc@VoV`]hiVc![gdbDbh`#I]Zl]daZgZ^dc ldg`^c#I]ZdkZgcbZciXVaXjaViZhi]VihdbZ-%eZg
lVh`cdlcVhi]ZÈDbh`VnVjWZgc^VÉ7jii]Zcdgi] XZcid[@VoV`]hiVcÉhZcZgVi^cZfj^ebZci^hlVn
Inside a
ZVhilVhVahd]dbZiddcZd[i]ZhbVaaZg@VoV`] WZndcYgZi^gZbZciVZ#Cdifj^iZVh[VgdcZVhi]Z refinery
ÈO]jhÉdgig^WVaXaVch!l]dlVcYZgZYdkZgi]ZVgZV BZigdK^X`ZghkZiZgVcÄWjiidd[VgVaai]ZhVbZ# control room
idgVoZi]Z^gXViiaZdchjbbZgeVhijgZhVcYd
]jci^c#@VoV`]h[gdbi]^hVgZV]VkZVgZejiVi^dc
[dg^cYZeZcYZcXZd[b^cY!VcYhZkZgVadeedh^i^dc
eZghdcVa^i^ZhXdbZ[gdbi]^hgZ^dc#
IdYVn!EVkadYVgVcYi]Zhig^cd[^cYjhig^VaVcY
b^c^cidlchVadci]Zginh]hZgkZdcZd[i]Zg^X]Zhi
b^c^cgZ^dch^ci]ZXdjcignÄl^i]adihd[WVjm^iZ!
X]gdbZ!XdVa!^gdc!daY!jgVc^jb!o^cXVcYbjX]
WZh^YZh#cHdk^Zii^bZhV]jZVgZVhdji]d[EVkadYVg
VcYlZhid[HZb^eVaVi^ch`lVhXdgYdcZYd[[VcY
ijgcZY^cidV[dgW^YYZcodcZ#ci]^hÈcjXaZVgedandcÉ
i]ZHdk^Zib^a^iVgnXVgg^ZYdjicZVgan*%%Vibdhe]Zg^X
VcYjcYZggdjcYcjXaZVgiZhih!bVcnjh^cjcl^ii^c
]jbVcj^cZVe^h#DcZd[i]ZW^ZhiWj^aY^ch^c
HZb^eVaVi^ch`^hV^Vci^X]dhe^iVaheZX^Va^h^c^c
gVY^Vi^dch^X`cZhhVcYVWcdgbVa^i^Zh#
7jicdgi]Zgc@VoV`]hiVc^hVahdi]ZedlZg
]djhZd[@VoV`]hiVc!l^i]bdgZi]Vc,%eZgXZci
d[i]ZcVi^dcÉhZaZXig^X^inZcZgViZY]ZgZ!Z^i]Zg
Wn]nYgdedlZgYVbhVXgdhhi]ZW^g^kZghdg^Vci
XdVaÒgZYedlZghiVi^dch#I]ZW^Zhi^hV)!%%%bl
XdbeaZmd[Z^]i*%%bledlZghiVi^dchdci]Z
:`^WVhijoXdVaÒZaYWZilZZcEVkadYVgVcY6hiVcV#
I]Z^Vci:`^WVhijoXdVaÒZaYlVhYZkZadeZYid
egdYjXZedlZg[dgi]ZHdk^Zib^a^iVgn^cYjhig^Va
XdbeaZm#BjX]d[i]ZZaZXig^X^inlVhiV`Zc
cdgi]id[ZZYi]ZVgbh[VXidg^Zhd[H^WZg^V!_jhi
VXgdhhi]ZWdgYZg^cl]VijhZYidWZdcZ^Vci!
XZcigVaaneaVccZYZXdcdbn#L]Zci]ZHdk^ZiJc^dc
XdaaVehZY!hdY^YedlZgYZbVcY#cYZheZgVi^dci]Z
dkZgcbZciXVaaZYdc[dgZ^c^ckZhidgh#cgZhedchZ!
6:HXdgedgVi^dcWdj]ii]Z:`^WVhijoZcZgVi^c
XdbeaZmVcY`Zei^ii^X`^cdkZg[dgVYZXVYZ#AVhi
nZVgi]ZJHWVhZYedlZgXdgedgVi^dchdaYi]ZedlZg
hiVi^dchVcYVXdVab^cZid@VoV`]bnh#I]ZXdeeZg
b^cZgeaVchidgZcdkViZ!bdYZgc^hZVcYgjci]ZbVh
V_d^cikZcijgZl^i]HVbgj`VcYWddhi^ihegZhZcXZ^c
i]ZedlZghZXidgVheVgid[^ihY^kZgh^ÒXVi^dchigViZn#
I]^h^heVgid[VaVgZeaVccZY^cXgZVhZ^cedlZg
hZXidg^ckZhibZcicVi^dcVaan!Wdi]idgV^hZdkZgVaa
XVeVX^inVcYgZeaVXZldgcdjiHdk^ZiZgVZfj^ebZci#
L]ni]^h^hcZZYZYXVcWZhZZc^ck^gijVaanZkZgn
edlZghiVi^dc]ZgZ!WjiheZX^ÒXVaanVii]Z[VgZcY
d[i]Zi]gdWW^cijgW^cZgddbd[V^VciHiVa^c
ZgV]nYgdedlZgeaVci!bVcVZYWn6:H!dci]Z
G^kZgginh]cZVgJhi@VbZcddgh`#DcZijgW^cZ^h
CK:HIC@6O6@=HI6C