Diet plan for pregnant woman

Nutritional Needs during Pregnancy

Pregnancy
It is a period of great physiological and stress for the woman-birth to a foetus
Foetal development is accompanied –physiological , biochemical and hormonal changes in the maternal body –nutrients and efficiency
Increases basal metabolic rate , gastrointestinal changes ,hormonal changes ,changes in the body fluid ,altered renal function

Risk factor- Onset of Pregnancy
Age less than 15 yrs or more than 35
Frequent pregnancy
Poor obstetric history /poor foetal performance
Poverty
Bizzare food habits
Abuse of caffine,nicotine,alcohol or drugs
Inadeguate wt

Risk Factor-During Pregnancy
Low/ HP-Less than 12.0 g per 100 ml blood
Inadequate wt gain
Any wt loss
Wt gain less than 1 kg per month after 1 trimester
Excessive wt gain

Diet and feeding pattern
Basic principle is same as normal adults
Early 3 mths- suffers from vomiting,nausea
Physiological and hormonal changes occur
Small amt of food with increased frequency
Give -Biscuits, bread ,fruit etc
Avoid-Rich,fried ,strongly flavoured and highly spiced food

Things to keep in mind
1st trimester-nutrient intake need not be increased
2nd and 3rd trimester-extra food like snacks to be given in between meals-increase the frequency of feeding-5 meals a day
Protein food like milk,meat,egg,fish ,pulses,groundnuts,soyabean etc
Calcium and iron need-whole grains , pulses ,leafy vegs, dried fruits etc

Due to foetal pressure constipation is common
Large quantities of dietary fibre-freash fruits and vegs ,whole grain cereals ,plenty of fluid
Full of nutritious and well balanced diet
Need of Iodine increases due to stress

Diet of Lactating Mother
Lactation period is the duration when
mother breastfeeds her child
Nutritional dietary intake shd be enough –milk production for the baby
Inadequate intake –reduces milk secretion and change the composition
Reqt:550 cal more than pregnant woman
Whole grain, juices, soups, veg and plenty of water

Diet in an infancy –birth to 1 year
Infant-rapid growth and development
Infant is completely dependent –develops fair degree of physical and mental ability, motion deve, walks,holdobjects along with emotional and psychological –near and dear ones

Breast Feeding
Natural method of feeding-Breast feedingProvides all the nutrients –
Contains Fats – is highly emulsified so easy to digest
Lactose-Natural sweetness-Calcium and iron absorption
Protein –Low amt –reduces pressure on kidney to excrete extra nitrogen
Vit C content is retained

Anti –infective
Breast feeding is very hygienic –straight from mother’s breast to child’s mouth
No chance of contamination and infection
Contains antistaphylococcal factor –prevents growth of bacteria in the infants intestines
Gastric juice of breast milk is acidic and hence destroys micro-organisms that enter stomach

Source of natural immunity
First 2 -3 days mothers milk is yellowish known as colostrum
Contains antibodies- natural immunity in the child-protects from various infectious disease
Colostrum is very rich in nutrients – shd not be discarded at all
Anti –allergic properties does not affect the infants

Psychological advantages
Healthy, happy and emotional relationship –mom and child
Infants grow well on exclusively breast feeding
Baby does not even need water supplements

Weaning
Is the art of gradually introducing
food other than breast feeding
Mothers milk + additional food
Cereal porridge soaked in milk or water
Modified food-mashed rice-dal,dal-roti –sabji
Traditional Food-Khichedi,idli,upma,sujji
Home based instant food-roasted cereals and pulses
Mashed fruits and cooked mashed veg

Intro new foods
One food to be introduce at a time
Consistency of food as per child’s age-liquid-semi-solid-solid
Small quantities ,gradually increase
Never force to feed the child
No spicy food or oily food
Include variety to make food appealing
To attract attention –consider colour, flavour, texture and shape of the food
Don’t show personal prejudice towards food

Day’s Diet-Pregnant
Breakfast
•½ cup (125 mL) cottage cheese•½ cup (125 mL) berries (fresh or frozen)•1 cup (250 mL) whole-grain cereal with skim or 1% milk•1 cup (250 mL) coffee or tea
Snacks
1 tbsp (15 mL) peanut butter•4 to 6 whole-biscuits•1 cup (250 mL) skim or 1% milk

Lunch:
Chana Curry,StuffedTindas,MintRaita,Salad,Rice/Chappatis
Snacks: Banana Shake,Poha
Dinner: Pea Paneer Curry, Mix Veg(dry),Chapattis/Rice,Fruit Custard
Age: 25 Activity : Moderate Food Habit: Vegetarian

Day’s Diet for Lactating Woman
Breakfast: Tea,BesanRoti,Onion,Chutney,Jaggery
Mid Morning Snacks:
Butter milk ,Dalia
Lunch:
Roti,Sproutedmoong,Salad,BesanLaddoo
Snacks:Tea,Groundnut roasted
Dinner: Dal,Potato Onion Veg,Rice/Chapattis
Bed time: Milk

Diet plan for pregnant woman

by Jasmina Sangani

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