Knowledge on Breast feeding

1. Department of Clinical Nutrition and
Dietetics
-Asst. Prof. Deepika Shrestha
Pediatric Nutrition (17304)

2. Infant & Young Child Feeding
Practices
 Breastfeeding Introduction
 Composition of Human Milk
 Recommendations
 Exclusive breastfeeding
 Prelacteal feeds
 Duration of breastfeeding
 Advantages of breast feeding

3. BREASTFEEDING
• Breastfeeding is the feeding of an infant or young child with
breast milk directly from female human breasts (i.e., via
lactation) not from a baby bottle or other container.
•It is the normal way of providing the young infants with the
nutrients they need for healthy growth and development

4. Types of Milk
 First Milk:Colostrum:2-4 days starting from birth
 Transition Milk:5th day-2weeks
 Mature milk: 14 days after birth –feeding is
continued

5. Composition of Human Milk
Nutrient Human Milk
Water g 88
Energy kcal 65
Protein g 1.1
Carbohydrate g 7.4
Fat g 3.4
Calcium mg 28
Phosphorus mg 11
Iron mg -
Beta Carotene micro g 41
Thiamine mg 0.02
Riboflavin mg 0.02
Vitamin C mg 3
Caseinogen & Lactalbumin ratio 1:2

6. Recommendation for promotion of successful
breastfeeding by WHO & UNICEF
•Foster the establishment of Beastfeeding support group and leader
•Have a written breast feeding policy that is routinely communicated to all health
care staff
•Train all health care staff in skills necessary to implement this policy
•Practice rooming in – allow the mother and infant to remain together 24 hours a
day
•Education and advice must be given to every mother in the antenatal clinic.
Retracted and crackled nipples must be managed before delivery
•The first feed should be breast milk(no water, honey, glucose water or tea
should be given
•Give no artificial pacifier’
•Breast feeding should be preferably started in the first hour of life
•Bottle feeds should never be introduced
•A breast fed baby doesnot require supplementation with water
•Frequent suckling, completeemptying of the breast, correct positioning and
supportive care are the cornerstones of successful lactation
•Encourage breastfeeding on demand
Note: A full term appropriate for gestational age baby who is thriving well doesnot
need multivitamin drops as well

7. -an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any
food/fluid
-The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that infants be exclusively
breastfed for the first six months, followed by breastfeeding along with
complementary foods for up to two years of age or beyond
Exclusive breastfeeding

8. Benefits of Exclusive
Breastfeeding
i. lowered risk of gastrointestinal infection,
pneumonia, otitis media and urinary tract
infection in the infant while mothers return to her
pre-pregnancy weight very rapidly and have a
reduced risk of developing Type 2 diabetes
ii. No nutritional deficiencies
iii. Meet infants energy needs
iv. Regulate weight gain: its satiety value(pufa:sfa-
1.2:1)
v. Favourable increase in weight
vi. Favourable BMI
vii. Greater cognitive development

9. Prelacteal Feeds
 Foods given to newborns befire breastfeeding-1st
day of newborn’s life
 Include foods like Honey, Jaggery, Ghee and
herbal paste
 Increases the risk of neonatal illness and
mortality

10. Advantages of Breast feeding to Babies
-best source of nutrition
-against some short- and long-term illnesses and diseases
-Developed jaw and more aligned teeth
-Low Mortality rate
-Lower respiratory tract infection and asthma
-Reduced risk for Otitis
-Reduced chances of allergic reactions(allergens absent in human milk)
-Lower rate of Sudden Infant Death
-Protect the membranes in lungs
-Less renal solute load(less urea and sodium to excrete)
-Better cognition & IQ score

11. Advantages of Breast feeding to Mother
•Important Birth control method
Prolactin which stimulates milk production , decreases the
synthesis of ovarian hormones
•Reduces Post Partum bleeding and delays the menstrual
cycle
Due to secretion of oxitocin Breastfeeding, uterus retains it
original shape and arrest bleeding
•Effect of various hormones cause weight loss
•Economical and safe
•Reduce risk of Breast cancer and ovarian cancer, Type 2
Diabetes(requirement of insulin decreases for a diabetic
mother)