3. GENERAL
Function
Aim? Highlight the causal relationship of events
(Why? What possible results?)
Type? Three main types:
• Multiple causes Effect
• Cause Multiple effects
• Causal chain
4. GENERAL
Function
Aim? Highlight the causal relationship of events
(Why? What possible results?)
Type? Three main types:
• Multiple causes Effect
Cause 1
Cause 2 Effect
Cause 3
• Cause Multiple effects
• Causal chain
5. GENERAL
Function
Aim? Highlight the causal relationship of events
(Why? What possible results?)
Type? Three main types:
• Multiple causes Effect
Cause 1
Cause 2 Effect
Cause 3
• Cause Multiple effects
Effect 1
Cause Effect 2
Effect 3
• Causal chain
6. GENERAL
Function
Aim? Highlight the causal relationship of events
(Why? What possible results?)
Type? Three main types:
• Multiple causes Effect
Cause 1
Cause 2 Effect
Cause 3
• Cause Multiple effects
Effect 1
Cause Effect 2
Effect 3
• Causal chain
Cause 1 Effect 1
Cause 2 Effect 2
Cause 3 Effect 3
7. INTRODUCTION
• Hook
• Background information
• Thesis statement: A, B, C causes X
BODY: Arrange causes according to:
Familiarity (Obvious less obvious)
Interest (Less interesting more interesting)
Importance (Less important more important)
Directness (Immediate/Direct Remote/Indirect)
Cause 1
Explanation
Evidences
Conclusive sentence 1
(optional)
Cause 2
Explanation
Evidences
Conclusive sentence 1
(optional)
Cause 3
Explanation
Evidences
Conclusive sentence 1
(optional)
CONCLUSION
• Restatement of three main causes
• Final comment: evaluation, recommendation, warning
ORGANIZATION
Multiple causes Effect
8. INTRODUCTION
• Hook
• Background information
• Thesis statement: A brings X, Y, Z
BODY: Arrange effects according to:
Importance (More important less important)
Directness (Immediate/Direct Remote/Indirect)
Effect 1
Explanation
Evidences
Conclusive sentence 1
(optional)
Effect 2
Explanation
Evidences
Conclusive sentence 1
(optional)
Effect 3
Explanation
Evidences
Conclusive sentence 1
(optional)
CONCLUSION
• Restatement of three main effects
• Final comment: evaluation, recommendation, warning
ORGANIZATION
Cause Multiple Effects
9. STYLE
Coherence
Transition in phrases
Because of Due to As a result of
Expressions in sentences
Cause (active) / caused by (passive)
Result in (active)/ result from (passive)
The reason is that …
Transitions between sentences
Thus / therefore / consequently /
For this reason / As a result /
Adverbial clauses
Because / Since