Muslims and the Signs of the Universe

Signs and Science
of the Universe
By Noor Isham Sanif
(isham@irsyad.sg or SMS: + 65 9046 0093)

Signs and Science
of the Universe

The Way of Life: Muslims’
Consciousness of the Universe

The Signs: Quran & the Universe

The Science: Muslim Pioneers
Astronomical Science


The Way of Life
Muslims’
Consciousness of the
Universe

A1/12


Daily Prayers According to the 5
Earth and Sun Configuration

CONTINOUS MUSLIMS’ CONNECTION WITH UNIVERSAL ORDER
A2/12


Daily Prayer Timing Guide

Pocket Prayer Timing

SIGNIFICANT ASPECT OF MUSLIM’S LIFE
A3/12


Prayer Time Determined by the Earth and
the Sun Configuration
(In Textbook of Primary 1)

EARLY AGE AWARENESS
A4/12


DIRECTION FOR PRAYERS
(Facing City of Mecca (Ka’bah

Singapore’s Direction to Mecca All Mosques Around the World Face
Degree from North Clockwise 293.203313 Mecca

(AWARENESS OF SPACE AND TIME (MECCA AS CENTRE
A5/12

Ka’bah as Centre of the Earth
(in relation to Theory of Fibonacci)
Distance

Distance

LAW OF EXISTENCE

UNIVERSAL
CONSTANT

PERFECT UNIVERSAL ORDER
A6/12


Islamic Calendar

MUSLIM AWARENESS OF LUNAR CYCLE: THE EARTH, MOON & SUN CONFIGURATION
A7/12


Islamic Calendar
(Lunar Calendar)

The Islamic calendar, is a lunar
calendar consisting of 12
months in a year of 354 or 355
days. (first year was the Islamic
( year beginning in AD 622

Being a purely lunar calendar,
it is not synchronized with the
. seasons

With an annual drift of 10 or 11
days, the seasonal relation
repeats about every 33 Islamic
(.years (every 32 solar years

A8/12


Seven Sleepers

Gregorian & Lunar
of Ephesus
(250 AD)

Calendars
So they stayed in their cave three hundred years,“
(and nine (more)” Quran Chapter 18, Verse 25

.” The above verse replaces “and nine” by “increased by nine

. The latest calculation of the lunar month is 29.53059 days

. The Lunar year is 12 x 29.53059 = 354.36708 days

This means that 300 Gregorian years (300x365.25= 109575 days)
(. is equivalent to 309 Lunar years (354.36708x309= 109499.43

A9/12
HARMONY AFFIRMED BY THE SCRIPTURES


Muslim Around the World Do Special Prayer
When There is a Solar or Lunar Eclipse

A10/12
ACKNOLEDGEMENT TO THE CREATOR OF THE UNIVERSAL ORDER


Ceremonious
Sighting of the Moon
Beginning and end of Ramadan

Kedah National Observatory

Mediacorp, Singapore
Live Telecast
Head of Islamic Riyadh National Observatory
A11/12 Announcing Ramadan


ASTRONOMICAL SCIENCE QUALIFICATION
COMPULSORY CRITERIA
FOR MUFTI

To be qualified to be a Mufti
one very important criteria-
qualification in Astronomical
(Science (Compulsory

A12/12


The Signs
Quran & the Universe

B1/8


Timeline of Astronomical
Discovery

Ibn al-Shatir al-Muwaqqit 1304
NASA Super

Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi 903
Computer

632AD
Homer/Heriod (700 BC)

Quran
Anaximader (600 BC)
Black Holes

Copernicus (1519)
Collapsing of

Al-Farghani 861

Ibn Yunus 1009
Ibn Rushd 1198
Al Andalus (714)
the Stars

Plato (400 BC) Theory of the
Big Bang
Greek Dark Ages Expansion of
1100 BC–750 BC Universe

Late Antiquity
Flat Earth

Cylindrical Earth

GeoCenteric (Earth Centred)

HelioCenteric (SunCentred)

Early Middle High Middle Renaissance Early
300-700 Modern
Age Age 1350-1600 Modern 1960-2013
470-1000 1000-1350 1600-1960
End Islamic
Of Astronomical
Dark Science
Age Movements
Astronomical Scientific Of
Discouraged Scientific Discovery Sun, Earth &
Discovery Moon
•Scholar Execution
•Destruction of Scholarly
Findings
•People are Mythical

B2/8
DEVINE REVELATION ON UNIVERSAL ORDERLINESS


The studied words were categorized
according to their scientific topics as
follows
Medicine 416 Geology 69
Physics 138 Seas & Rivers 35
Biology 130 Transportation 28
Astronomy & Cosmology 105 Origin of Man & others 27
Geography 98 Engineering 12
Agriculture 89 Chesmistry 11
Language of birds &
Math. & Statistics 79 animals
8

All of the above & others > 20

B3/8


Words Mentioned in
the Quran (Signs)

‘Month’ repeated 12 times
‘Day’ repeated 365 times
‘Hour’ repeated 24 times
‘Moon’ repeated 27 times (Moon’s Ecliptic Cycle around Earth ~ 27.3 days)
‘Sun’ repeated 33 times
‘Moon & Sun” coupled/mentioned together repeated 19 times

Astrophysics: The moon and the sun are aligned 19 times in the year .
Incidentally, our Sun, the moon and earth become aligned every 19 years

B4/8
PERFECT ORDER OF UNIVERSE AND QURAN VALIDATION OF EACH OTHER


The Moon and the Sun

“And the sun runs on its fixed course for a term
appointed. …. And the moon, we have measured for it
mansions to traverse till it returns like the old dried
curved data stalk. It is not for the sun to overtake the
moon, nor does the night outstrip the day. They all float,
each in an orbit. [ Quran Chapter 36: Verse 38-40 ]

B5/8
DEVINE UNIVERSAL ORDER


Signs for Those Who Seek
ASTRONOMICAL ASTRONOMICAL SCIENTIFIC QURAN
SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS DISCOVERY Chapter : Verse
The Star Sirius : 21st century scientific discovery it is He Who is the Lord of“..
Sirius A & Sirius B stars through (Sirius.” (53: 49
irregularity in the movement, the brightest
star in the night sky. Its orbit lasts 49.9
years (Departments of astronomy at Harvard,
(Ottawa and Leicester Universities
Pulsars: Pulsating Stars Dr Jocelyn Bell Burnell, (Cambridge By Heaven and the Tariq! The
University in 1967) identified a regular radio Star Piercing [the darkness]!
signal, regular pulse or beating resembling ((86:1-3
heartbeat from a piercing star (heavenly Tariq’ means pulsating hard‘
(body enough to produce a
‘pulsating beat’ ‘striking’
.sound
The Big Bang The theory of Big Bang that all the heavens and the earth“…
.heavenly body were once a mass were a closed-up mass
The framework for the Big Bang model relies (ratqan), then We clove them
on Albert Einstein's general relativity and on asunder (fataqna)? And We
.homogeneity and isotropy of space made from water every living
(thing.” (21:31
The Expanding Universe Edwin Hubble (1920s) discovered that the indeed We go on expanding“…
.universe is expanding (it” (51:48
Collapsing Stars Discovered that when a star has consumed When the stars are“
.all its fuel, it collapses in into itself (extinguished.” (77:8

Black Holes In 1969, an American physicist Dr. John By the stars' positions-…if“
Wheeler confirmed the only way to identify (you only knew. (56:75-76
the collapsing stars was by charting its
. positions
B6/8


I am very much impressed by finding true astronomical facts“
in the Quran, and for us the modern astronomers have been
studying very small pieces of the universe. We’ve
concentrated our efforts for understanding of [a] very small
part. Because by using telescopes, we can see only very few
parts [of] the sky without thinking [about the] whole universe.
So, by reading [the] Quran and by answering to the questions,
I think I can find my future way for investigation of the
.”universe
Dr. Yoshihide Kozai is Professor Emeritus at Tokyo University, Hongo,
Tokyo, Japan, and was the Director of the National Astronomical
Observatory, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.

B7/8


I am impressed at how remarkably an ancient writing (the“
Quran) seem to correspond to modern and recent astronomy. I
am not a sufficient scholar of human history to project myself
completely and reliably into the circumstances that 1400
."years ago would have prevailed
Professor Armstrong works at NASA, otherwise known as the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, where he is a well-known scientist
there.

B8/8


The Science: Muslim
Pioneers of
Astronomical Science

C1/8


The Astrolabe: It was used to chart the
precise time of sunrises and sunsets,
and to determine the period for fasting
during the month of Ramadan. Also to
calculate the distances between the
.various planets and stars

Navigational tools: Compass and
Astrolabe. Enabled long journey
navigation. Eventually discovery of the
.new world

C2/8

First formal astronomical observatory, which
Caliph Al-Mamun (786 – 833) allowed astronomy to become a major science

•An astronomer and mathematician,
•Compiled the Sabian Tables
•Predicted new moons and eclipses
•Calculated the length of the year
•Explained the phenomenon of parallax.
•Recognised that our solar system moves
through space
•Made significant amendments to Ptolemy’s
observations.
C3/8
Al-Battani (858-929)

Famous book, “Book on Sun Movement and
Encyclopedia of Star Science”
Contains 30 chapters, including a description
of the inhabited part of the Earth, its size,
and the sizes of the heavenly bodies as well
as their distances from the Earth.

Al-Farghani (861) was known
for his “Book on Sun Movement
and Encyclopedia of Star Science”

•Described the first galaxy known outside our
own, the Andromeda Galaxy.
•He wrote extensively on the astrolabe and
star positions, their sizes and colours.

‘Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (903 – 986) was
known for discovering the Andromeda
C4/8 Galaxy


•Compiled the Hakemite Tables.
•Used a large astrolabe nearly 1.4 m in
diameter
•Recorded over 10 000 entries for the
sun’s position over a 30-year period.

Ibn Yunus (950-1009) was known
for compiling the Hakemite Tables

•Observed that the Earth revolves around
its own axis
•Calculated the Earth’s circumference,
and accurately determined the direction
of Makkah from any point on the globe.

Al-Biruni (973-1050) was known for
calculating the Earth’s
C5/8
circumference

Al-Zarqali (1028-1100) was known for
developing the safiha and compiling the Developed a sophisticated astrolabe, called the
Toledan Tables
‘Safiha’, that could be used at any location.

Designed a portable
celestial sphere,
today known as a
torquetum, for
measuring celestial
co-ordinates.

Jabir ibn Aflah (1100-1145) was
C6/8 known for developing the
Torquetum

Ibn Rushd (1126-1198) was known for
discovering sunspots
Ibn Rushd discovered sunspots

Made many corrections to Ptolemy’s
calculations on the movement of
the moon.

Ibn al-Shatir al-Muwaqqit (1304-1375)
was known for his corrections to
Ptolemy’s calculations of the
C7/8 movement of the moon


“Indeed, in the creation of the heavens
and the earth and the alternation of the
night and the day are signs for those of
understanding.”
(Quran Chapter 3 : Verse 190)

C8/8


isham@irsyad.sg or SMS: + 65 9046 0093

Muslims and the Signs of the Universe

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