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POPI: A User-Level Tool for Inferring Router Packet Forwarding
Priority
Packet forwarding prioritization (PFP) in routers is one of the mechanisms commonly available
to network operators. PFP can have a significant impact on the accuracy of network
measurements, the performance of applications and the effectiveness of network troubleshooting
procedures. Despite its potential impacts, no information on PFP settings is readily available to
end users. In this paper, we present an end-to-end approach for PFP inference and its associated
tool, POPI. This is the firstattempt to infer router packet forwarding priority through end-to-end
measurement. POPI enables users to discover such network policies through measurements of
packet losses of different packet types. We evaluated our approach via statistical analysis,
simulation and wide-area experimentation in PlanetLab. We employed POPI to analyze 156
paths among 162 PlanetLab sites. POPI flagged 15 paths with multiple priorities, 13 of which
were further validated through hop-by-hop loss rates measurements. In addition, we surveyed all
related network operators and received responses for about half of them all confirming our
inferences. Besides, we compared POPI with the inference mechanisms through other metrics
such as packet reordering [called out-of-order (OOO)]. OOO is unable to find many priority
paths such as those implemented via traffic policing. On the other hand, interestingly, we found
it can detect existence of the mechanisms which induce delay differences among packet types
such as slow processing path in the router and port-based load sharing.

2. Existing System
Packet forwarding prioritization (PFP) in routers is one of the mechanisms commonly available
to network operators. PFP can have a significant impact on the accuracy of network
measurements, the performance of applications and the effectiveness of network troubleshooting
procedures. Despite its potential impacts, no information on PFP settings is readily available to
end users. In this paper, we present an end-to-end approach for PFP inference and its associated
tool, POPI. This is the firstattempt to infer router packet forwarding priority through end-to-end
measurement. POPI enables users to discover such network policies through measurements of
packet losses of different packet types.
Proposed System
We evaluated our approach via statistical analysis, simulation and wide-area experimentation in
PlanetLab. We employed POPI to analyze 156 paths among 162 PlanetLab sites. POPI flagged
15 paths with multiple priorities, 13 of which were further validated through hop-by-hop loss
rates measurements. In addition, we surveyed all related network operators and received
responses for about half of them all confirming our inferences. Besides, we compared POPI with
the inference mechanisms through other metrics such as packet reordering [called out-of-order
(OOO)]. OOO is unable to find many priority paths such as those implemented via traffic
policing. On the other hand, interestingly, we found it can detect existence of the mechanisms
which induce delay differences among packet types such as slow processing path in the router
and port-based load sharing.
System Specification
Hardware Requirements:
• System : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.
• Hard Disk : 40 GB.

3. • Floppy Drive : 1.44 Mb.
• Monitor : 14’ Colour Monitor.
• Mouse : Optical Mouse.
• Ram : 512 Mb.
Software Requirements:
• Operating system : Windows 7.
• Coding Language : ASP.Net with C#
• Data Base : SQL Server 2008.