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Monaco
1.
2. was founded by Charles the III and it resembles the
color of the coats of arms of Monaco. The Monaco
flag is horizontally divided into red and white which
are also the heraldic colors of the Grimaldi family.
4. Emergence of the Nation. The first
inhabitants of Monaco were the Ligurians, an
ancient Indo-European tribe. Monaco was
located near an important coastal path that
stretched from Spain through southern France
and into Italy. The peoples living in this area
were eventually absorbed into the Roman
Empire and became part of the province of
Maritime Alps. With the fall of the Roman
Empire, Monaco and the surrounding coastal
areas were perpetually attacked by various
invaders, including the Saracens, and the
native population fled inland. It was only after
the final expulsion of the Saracens in about
1000 C.E. , that people returned to living on
the coast.
Monaco's recorded history began in 1215
when the Ghibellines of Genoa, led by Fulco
del Cassello, colonized it after receiving
sovereignty over the area from Emperor
Henry VI. Attracted by Monaco's strategic
location and harbor, the Genoese immediately
began to construct a fortress, known as the
Rock of Monaco, and a walled city. To attract
permanent residents, the Genoese granted
land and tax exemptions. As a result, Monaco
quickly became an important city and over the
5. This small country is 0.8 square miles (1.95 square kilometers) in size, or
approximately the same size as Central Park in New York City. It is the smallest
state in the world after Vatican City. Located on the Mediterranean Sea, Monaco
is surrounded by France on three sides. Nice, France, is the nearest large city at a
distance of 11 miles (18 kilometers). Monaco is rocky and situated on steep hills
that drop off into the Mediterranean. Part of the Côte d'Azur, Monaco's terrain
and geography are typical of the northwestern area of the Mediterranean. The
climate is mild year-round, with an average low temperature of 47 degrees
Fahrenheit (8 degrees Celsius) and an average maximum high of 78 degrees
Fahrenheit (26 degrees Celsius). Monaco is divided into four neighborhoods:
Monaco-Ville, the old original city, which is on a rocky promontory extending
into the sea; La Condamine, along the port; Monte-Carlo, the main resort,
residential and tourist area; and Fontvieille, a newly constructed area on land
reclaimed from the sea.
6. Monaco has close ethnic ties with France and Italy, and
nationals of these countries account for more than half
of the population. Some one-quarter of the population
consists of people from a variety of other nationalities,
reflecting a tolerance of different ethnic groups.
However, immigration is very limited due to the
principality's size, and citizenship is not easy to
acquire.
7. There are several traditional festivals and rituals in Monaco. Saint
Devote, the patron saint of Monaco, is venerated in a ritual held
on 27 January every year. A torchlight procession, a religious
ceremony and blessing mark the day that Saint Dévoe is believed
to have arrived in Monaco. Other religious rituals and
ceremonies are held during Holy Week before Easter, and on the
feast days of Saint Roman, 9 August, Saint John, 23 June and
Saint Blaise.
Death and the Afterlife. Monegasque beliefs about death and the
afterlife are in accordance with the teachings of the Roman
Catholic church.
8. Etiquette in Monaco is influenced by the country's
unusual blending of roles as an international tax haven,
exclusive resort destination in combination with the
Monegasque traditions. The Monegasque are proud of
the country's history and residents strive to maintain
the quality of life that exists there. The principality
attracts people from a variety of nationalities who are
nevertheless united by a high level of personal wealth.
The rules of etiquette are much like those found in
France with an emphasis on respect for privacy. The
royal family of Monaco, the Grimaldi, frequently
attract the attention of the press. Monaco's royal family
became a popular subject of tabloid journalism when
the American actress Grace Kelly married Prince
Rainier III. Discretion and privacy are still emphasized
in Monaco.
9. The people of Monaco are usually of high wealth, their
clothing and styles reflect this. Monaco has a mild climate so
they are able to dress accordingly with casual clothing.
Monégasques wear modern western styled clothing. Those
who are wealthy wear the latest of high fashion. Designer
clothing and “glitz and glam” is worn much of the time.
Luxury fashion boutiques are all over Monaco along with
jewelry stores.
Along the many beaches it is common for topless bathing to
be seen. Beach wear is strictly only for the beach. It is
forbidden to walk about in bathing suits or without shoes.
Appropriate clothing is to be worn in public places and
especially in religious buildings.
10. Formal clothing is worn in the evenings, at
restaurants, casinos, and entertainment events.
At the casino’s a jacket and tie should be worn
for men and formal dress for women
At gala events a black tie and dinner jacket is
worn and gown and jewelry for women
11. . French is the official language, but Italian and
English are also spoken frequently.
Monegasque, a language derived from both
French and Italian, is spoken by native
residents of Monaco, although only about 22
percent of the population claims direct
Monegasque descent.
12. . Local affairs are directed by the Communal
Council which administers the principality's four
quarters: Monaco-Ville, La Condamine, Monte
Carlo, and Fontvieille. The Council of the Crown
consists of seven members holding Monégasque
nationality who are nominated by the prince. The
president and three members are selected by the
sovereign: the others are selected by the national
Council. Current government officials include: the
Chief of State, Prince Rainier III; the Minister of
State, Michel Leveque; the Council of Government,
ministers for: the Interior, Finance, and Economic
Affairs, Public Works and Social Affairs, National
Council President, President of the Supreme Court,
and the Director of Judicial Services.
14. Sex ratio:
• at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
• under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
• 15-64 years: 0.974 male(s)/female
• 65 years and over: 0.688 male(s)/female
• total population: 0.912 male(s)/female (2007
estimate)
Age structure:
• 0-14 years: 15% (male 2,514, female 2,394)
• 15-64 years: 62.3% (male 10,047, female 10,312)
• 65 years and over: 22.7% (male 3 019, female 4,385)
(2007 estimate)
15. • Monaco has a Mediterranean, Roman Catholic
culture emphasizing the family
• Men are seen as “head of the household”, however
women are not treated as inferior
• In the home women are in charge of preparing the
children for a life in society
• Though men are head of the household, women
have risen to top posts in politics, business and
sports
16. • Less than half of the workforce is made up of women
• Women in Business are, “Supported by Prince Albert II
who regard them as ’endowed with a will and an ambition to
none.’ “ (Deviras)
• “The Principality is also working to encourage the
emancipation of women in countries where they are often
forced to stay home” (Deviras)
• Fewer women than men are employed, however women
work in a variety of fields & are politically active
• Women were awarded the right to vote in 1962
17. . Holidays such as Christmas, Holy Week
before Easter, and Carnival before Lent are
occasions for special food. Some traditional
Monegasque dishes include brandamincium, salt
cod pounded with garlic, oil, and cream
surrounded by cardoons, edible Mediterranean
plants, in white sauce; barba-Giuan, or "Uncle
John," stuffed fritters; and fougasses, flat,
crunchy biscuits sprinkled with sugared anise
seeds and flavored with rum and orange-
flower water.
18. Overall Monaco has one of the highest standards
of living in the world. Differences in social
stratification are not immediately obvious. The
principality's popularity as an exclusive resort and
tax haven has led to the development of a very
wealthy social class. Material symbols of wealth
such as luxury goods, expensive cars, and
exclusive shops are visible everywhere. Monaco's
coastal position has also made it a popular port for
luxury yachts. The tourist industry necessitates a
large workforce, as do Monaco's light industrial
concerns, but more than half the people employed
in these sectors do not live in Monaco.
19. Classes and Castes. Monaco's high average
income and individual wealth, as well as its
very small size, make it a country with minimal
class distinctions. The principality's status as a
tax haven make it an attractive place to
establish residence for wealthy people from all
over the world. A significant number of
residents are from a variety of nationalities,
and several are celebrities, helping to make
Monaco synonymous with wealth, power and
prestige the world over.
20. Support for the Arts. The Monegasque
government actively supports the arts, cultural
institutions, and the humanities through a
variety of programs and events. The Prince
Pierre Foundation was founded to encourage
culture in the letters and the arts, by the
creation and awarding of prizes. These
21. The Monaco Grand Prix. This Formula 1 car race is held in Monte
Carlo.
22. awards include the Grand Literary Prize, created in 1951; the
Prince Rainier III Prize for Musical Composition, founded in 1960;
and the International Contemporary Art Prize, awarded for the
first time in 1965. The Princess Grace Foundation was established
in 1964 with the aim of promoting charitable activities and
provides support for the Princess Grace Dance Academy. Recent
investments in the arts and humanities include the creation of a
Cultural and Exhibition Center, which will contain an auditorium
and other performance and event areas on the site of the old
Centenary Hall. The Monte Carlo Ballet and the Monte Carlo
Opera are world-renowned. The Monte Carlo Ballet gained
international fame in the 1920s when the choreographer Sergey
Diaghilev was based there with his Ballets Russes. Monaco is also
home to the International Circus Festival held every February and
the International Fireworks held in July. The Grand Prix de
Monaco, a Formula 1 car race held in the streets of Monte Carlo, is
one of the principality's most famous cultural events and attracts
thousands of spectators.
23.
24. "Culture of Monaco - History, People, Clothing,
Traditions, Women, Beliefs, Food, Customs,
Family." Countries and Their Cultures. Web. 16 Jan.
2012. <http://www.everyculture.com/Ma-
Ni/Monaco.html>.
