The document discusses the characteristics of input in foreign language (FL) and second language (SL) settings. In FL natural settings, input is modified and contains ungrammaticalities. In FL instructional settings, traditional input focuses on rules and comes from the teacher, while communicative input is used for communication and learning rules. In SL natural settings, input is modified and "unlimited." In SL traditional instructional settings, input is structurally simplified and sequenced, and access is limited. In SL communicative settings, input is simplified and contains some errors and corrections.

1. Fitriani
Fitri nurhayati
Roida elfrika sirait
Surya wikarta
Anindya prima
Annisa Solihah
Irwan badrul jaman

2. WHAT ARE THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF INPUT IN
EACH SETTINGS OF FL AND SL?

3. Input is defined as
"language which a learner hears or
receives and from which he or
she can learn”

4. FL SETTINGS
NATURAL
SETTING
INSTRUCTIONAL
SETTING
TRADITIONAL
COMMUNICATIVE

5. Input…:
 Is simple and comprehensible(Krashen)
 Is degenerate(Miller and Chomsky 1963)
 Is modified
 contains ungrammaticalities and
disfluencies
 underdetermines linguistic competence
 should be slightly above the level of the
language learner (i+1).
 Available in one to one interaction

6.  Traditional setting
Input…:
-Is used in the classroom/formal education
-is only to learn more about the rule of FLA
-comes from the teacher/caretaker
-mostly pay attention to the rule…
 Communicative setting
-Input source is caretaker/teacher
-is just used to learn the rule
-is used in classroom/formal education
-is used in communicative process

7. SL SETTINGS
NATURAL
SETTING
INSTRUCTIONAL
SETTING
TRADITIONAL
COMMUNICATIVE

8. Input is…
 Modified
 “Unlimited”

9.  Traditional Setting…
Input is…
1. Structurally simplified and sequenced
2. “Limited”
•Input is not always available
•Time of distribution of input from
the ‘source’ is limited
•Application of input is limited

10.  Communicative Setting
Input is…:
1. Simplified and made comprehensible
2. “limited”
Especially in classroom:
There are still some errors
There are some error corrections
There is using of genuine questions
There are display questions
There is negotiation of meaning