Presentation for article “Metallic glasses from''alchemy''to pure science: Present and future of design, processing and applications of glassy metals” to Elsevier’s Engineering AudioSlides Challenge - a competition for the best AudioSlides presentation for top-25 articles in Engineering published with Elsevier in 2012.

1. Metallic Glasses
from Alchemy to pure …
Present and future of design,
processing and applications of
glassy metals
By
Eugen Axinte
Review article appeared in Materials and Design 35 (2012) 518–556
Article metrics :
Cited by 25( source Google Scholar )
Cited by 15 ( source
Scopus )
Cited by 12 ( source TR Web of Science)

2. Short history of born and evolution of Metallic Glasses
In 1960 an act of inversed ‘‘alchemy’’ was produced: a metal, a gold based
alloy was transformed in a glass (. . a metallic glass). And the philosopher’s
stone was the extremely rapid cooling of melted alloy (cca. 1.000.000 K/s).
Year
BMGs composition
BMGs commercial name
-
Authors
1959
Au75Si25
1969
Pd-M-Si (where M
= Ag, Cu, or Au)
1976
Fe40Ni40B20
MetGlass
(since 1980)
H.Liebermann
C.Graham
1992
Zr41Ti14Cu12Ni10
Be22
Vitreloy1 ( produced by
Liquidmetal Technologies
http://www.liquidmetal.com
)
W.L.
Johnson
A.Peker
2001
Zr–Ti–Cu–Ni–Al
alloys
Similarity
with
Vit105
(Zr52.5Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al
10)
A.A. Kündig
ETH Zürich -The Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology Zurich
2004
Bulk
Steel
-
Liu and Zhao Ping Lu;
Wallace Porter; James
R. Thompson
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
(ORNL) http://www.ornl.gov
University of Virginia
2010
Pd79Ag3.5P6Si9.5Ge2
-
Demetriou,
Launey,
Garrett
,
Schramm,
Hofmann, Johnson &
Ritchie
California
Institute
of
Technology and The University
of California, Berkeley
Amorphous
W. Klement
Duwez
R.H, Willens
BMGs place of birth
Jr;
Pol
Caltech
H.S. Chen
D. Turnbull
Univ.
of
Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA
and
Caltech
2

3. Local structure of Metallic Glasses
The structure model for Al-rich BMGs (reproduced
with permission from [9] © Elsevier
Structure of Ni81B19 metallic
glass obtained from an ab initio
MD simulation (adapted with
permission from [12] ©2009
Elsevier).
Simulated atomic configuration of glassy
Zr66.7Ni33.3 (extracted and reproduced with
permission from [10] © 2010, Nature
Publishing Group).
3

4. Properties of Metallic Glasses
Kinetics and the glass forming ability (GFA) – the influential factor in studying the formation of BMGs
Engineering aspects
of GFA
Schematized diagram TTT (picture adapted
after [17] ©2011 WILEY-VCHVerlag, GmbH
and Co.).
Shear bands in BMGs
F
The models of Spaepen’s free-volume and the (STZ) model
by Argon (adapted with permission from [31] © 2011
Elsevier).
Metallic glasses with large plasticity open a window for
understand the intrinsic mechanism of structural
deformation in glass ( Wei Hua Wang)
4

5. Mechanical properties and performances of BMGs
Fracture toughness vs Young modulus for
different materials (reproduced with
permission from [25] ©2008, Nature Publishing
Comparative chart of fracture toughness
Group).
vs yield strength for BMGs and other
metallic materials (adapted from [26] ©
2010 JOM).
Fatigue endurance limit (stress-range based)
vs yield strength data for BMGs and other
metallic alloys (adapted from [26] © 2010
JOM).
5

6. Design and fabrication of BMGs
重量 7 mg
A promising material for microdevices and micro-manufacture
-courtesy by prof. Wei Hua Wang
BMG Medalof
Institute of Physics
(CAS)
Beijing -courtesy by prof. Wei Hua Wang
Zr-based BMG pieces obtained by TPF based
blow molding (adapted with permission from
[43] © 2011 Elsevier).
6

7. Engineering parts at micro-scale fabricated from
BMGs (adapted with permission from [38] © 2011
Elsevier
Kinetic Energy Penetrators ‘‘KEPs’’
(reproduced from [64]).
Images with spacecraft (artist rendering during collection phase) and BMG components for
Genesis Mission (image credit NASA/JPL – Caltech/USC [66,67]).
7

8. The future developments of BMGs- is an OPEN Discussion !
Acknowledgments
To Dr. Physicist Joerg Heber, managing Editor at Nature Communications and science writer, for his friendly advices
and encouragements and for permission provided to use some information from his scientific and editorial work.
To distinguished professor Wei Hua Wang and to whole EX4 Group of Amorphous Materials and Physics in the
Institue of Physics (IOP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)- Beijing for their friendly advices and for information
provided from their valuable scientific work in domain of metallic glasses.
To Professor Jan Schroers from Schrorerslab – Yale University for his statements provided for this review paper and
for readers of Materials and Design.
To Professor Marios Demetriou from Caltech, for permission provided to reuse some information from his published
work and for the statement made for this review and for readers of Materials and Design.
To researchers and scientists (cited or not cited in this paper) whose work is the true engine of human development.
To Elsevier Ltd., Nature Publishing Group and WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co for copyright licenses and
permissions provided by Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) – www.rightslink.com.
Selected References ( numbered as it appears in review paper )
[9] Cheng YQ, Ma E. Atomic-level structure and structure–property relationship in metallic glasses. Progr Mater Sci 2011;56/4.
[10] Hirata A, Guan P, Fujita T, Hirotsu Y, Inoue A, Yavari AR. Direct observation of local atomic order in a metallic glass. Nat Mater 10:28–33.
[12] Greer AL. Metallic glasses. . .on the threshold. Mater Today 2009;12(1–2).
[17] Kumar G, Desai A, Schroers J. Bulk metallic glass: the smaller the better. Adv Mater 2011;23:461–76.
[25] Hofmann DC, Suh J, Wiest A, Duan G, Lind ML, Demetriou MD, et al. Designing metallic glass matrix composites with high toughness and
tensile ductility. Nature 2008;451:1085–9.
[26] Demetriou MD, Wiest A, Hofmann DC, Johnson WL, Han Bo, Wolfson N, et al. Amorphous metals for hard-tissue prosthesis, JOM 2010;62(2).
<http:// www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/)>.
[28] Wang L, Bei H, Gao YF, Lu ZP, Nieh TG. Effect of residual stresses on the hardness of bulk metallic glasses. Acta Mater 2011;59:2858–64.
[31] Takeuchi S, Edagawa K. Atomistic simulation and modeling of localized sheardeformation in metallic glasses. Progr Mater Sci 2011;56:785–816.
[34] Salimon AI, Ashby MF, Bréchet Y, Greer AL. Bulk metallic glasses: what are they good for? Mater Sci Eng A 2004;375–377:385–8.
[38] Inoue A, Takeuchi A. Recent development and application products of bulk glassy alloys. Acta Mater 2011;59:2243–67.
[43] Schroers J, Hodges TM, Kumar G, Raman H, Barnes AJ, Pham Q, et al. Thermoplastic blow molding of metals. Mater Today 2011;14(1–2).
[64] Liquidmetal Technologies. <http://www.liquidmetal.com/applications/defenseapplications/>[accessed 25.07.11].
[66] New bulk metallic glass to catch pieces of the solar wind. Press release by Martha J. Heil; October 11, 2000. <http://www.jpl.nasa.gov> <http://
www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2000/genesiscollector.html> [accessed July 2011].
[67] Genesis – Search for the origins. http://genesismission.jpl.nasa.gov/ [accessed July 2011
Wei Hua Wang – unpublished work - Develop, toughen and understand glasses ( presentation on Workshop “Opportunities, challenges and
perspectives of using of novel materials ( metallic glasses, carbon fibers, graphen , fullerenes ) in industry” – Gh.Asachi Technical University of Iasi,
september 2012 .
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