Euruko 2012 - JRuby

JRuby!

Me• Charles Oliver Nutter • @headius• Java developer since 1996• JRuby developer since 2006• Starting at Red Hat on Monday!

Red Hat FAQ• Primary job still JRuby• Expanding to help other languages• Working with OpenJDK team• Continuing to support EY JRuby efforts

What is JRuby?

Ruby on JVM• Core classes and runtime in Java • Moving parts to Ruby over time• Standard command line• 1.8 and 1.9 compatible • 1.9 default in JRuby 1.7• Drop in replacement for MRI*

*caveats• Weak low-level UNIX stuff • Improving over time• Poor C extension support • Not maintained...off by default in 1.7• Some features differ or unavailable • ObjectSpace, trace funcs, callcc...

JRuby 1.7 (preview)• Ruby 1.9.3 mode by default • Many 1.9 compat ﬁxes• Numerous perf improvements • Java 7 invokedynamic support• Beginning of new optimizing compiler

Getting Started• Need a JVM...• rvm install jruby • rvm install jruby-1.7.0-preview1• Download manually • Unpack, edit PATH, done

Try it Out

JRuby is the best* Ruby runtime

The Team

JRuby Team

JRuby Team Charlie

JRuby Team Charlie TomNick Hiro Marcin Nahi Wayne Subbu Douglas Douglas Douglas Contribs

JRuby Team Charlie TomNick Hiro Marcin Nahi Wayne Subbu Douglas Douglas Douglas Contribs Douglas Douglas Douglas Douglas Douglas Douglas Douglas Other Douglas OpenJDK Android J9 JVMs

JRuby Structure JRuby Bytecode Core JavaParser JIT Classes Integ JVM NativeThreads GC C API JIT

JRuby Structure JRuby Bytecode Core Java Parser JIT Classes IntegJRuby team can focus on implementing JRuby.

JRuby Team Doesn’t Have to Work On*• Memory allocation • Native JIT• Garbage collectors • Tooling• Native threading • Server environments• Cross-platform • Native extensions• Mobile/Embedded VMs

We could stop workingon JRuby and it wouldcontinue to get faster.

Google Summer of Code• JRuby accepted as an organization• Eight students! • Shoes, Krypt, evented IO, ﬁbers, Ruboto, IR dumping, IR to Dalvik, benchmarking• Three more from C42

Platforms

Systems• Best Ruby on Windows?• Exotic platforms: zLinux, OpenVMS, AS/400• Android’s Dalvik• Embedded JVMs

Ruboto

Servers• Any Java server can host Ruby• Trinidad • Ruby-style CLI server atop Tomcat• Torquebox • Full Ruby stack atop JBossAS

Torquebox• Rack-compatible • Server management• Database connectivity • Clustering• Background daemons • In and out-process cache• Scheduled jobs • Web sockets• Messaging • Authentication• Asynchronous tasks • XA Transactions

Torquebox• Rack-compatible • Server management• Database connectivity • Clustering• All R Background daemons • In and out-process cache• Scheduled jobs uby • Web sockets• Messaging APIs • Authentication• Asynchronous tasks • ! XA Transactions

Libraries

Libraries• 340k versioned jars in Maven central • Compare to 35k gems in RubyGems.org• Vast majority have no native code• All usable from JRuby

Midi Example

JVM GC• Wide array of options • Generation size, worker threads, concurrency, tenuring...• Many GCs to choose from• Scales up to massive heaps• Best GCs in the world!

class Simple attr_accessor :nextendtop = Simple.newputs Benchmark.measure { outer = 10 total = 100000 per = 100 outer.times do total.times do per.times { Simple.new } s = Simple.new top.next = s top = s end end}

15 GC time %11.25 7.5 3.75 0 JRuby Ruby 1.9.3

Threads

Real Parallellism• Ruby thread = JVM thread = native thread• One process can use all cores• One server can handle all requests

require benchmarkary = (1..1000000).to_aloop { puts Benchmark.measure { 10.times { ary.each {|i|} } }}

require benchmarkary = (1..1000000).to_aloop { puts Benchmark.measure { (1..10).map { Thread.new { ary.each {|i|} } }.map(&:join) }}

Ruby 1.9unthreaded

Ruby 1.9 Ruby 1.9unthreaded threaded

Ruby 1.9 Ruby 1.9unthreaded threaded JRubyunthreaded

Ruby 1.9 Ruby 1.9unthreaded threaded JRuby JRubyunthreaded threaded

threaded_reverse 0.80.65 0.50.35 0.2 one thread two threads three threads four threads

Nonlinear?• More work means more objects• More objects needs memory bandwidth• No different from multi-process

Performance

Performance• JRuby compiles Ruby to JVM bytecode• JVM compiles bytecode to native• Best JIT technology in the world• Getting even better with invokedynamic

def foo barenddef bar baz foo bar bazenddef baz # ...end

JRuby on Java 5/6def foo barenddef bar JRuby JRuby baz foo call bar call bazend logic logicdef baz # ...end Kills many JVM optimizations

JRuby on Java 7def foo bar X Xenddef bar JRuby JRuby baz foo call bar call bazend logic logicdef baz # ...end Dynamic call logic built into JVM

JRuby on Java 7def foo barenddef bar baz foo bar bazenddef baz # ...end Straight through dispatch path

JRuby on Java 7def foo barenddef bar baz foo bar bazenddef baz # ...end Optimizations (like inlining) can happen!

JRuby/Java 6 JRuby/Java 7

JRuby/Java 6 JRuby/Java 7 Times Faster than Ruby 1.9.3 53.75 2.51.25 0 base64 richards neural mandelbrot redblack

JRuby/Java 6 JRuby/Java 7 Times Faster than Ruby 1.9.3 53.75 2.5 1.914 1.806 1.538 1.5651.25 1.346 0 base64 richards neural mandelbrot redblack

JRuby/Java 6 JRuby/Java 7 Times Faster than Ruby 1.9.3 5 4.226 4.323.75 3.66 3.44 2.5 2.658 1.914 1.806 1.538 1.5651.25 1.346 0 base64 richards neural mandelbrot redblack

Profiling• Java profilers • VisualVM,YourKit, NetBeans, JXInsight• jruby [--profile | --profile.graph]• jruby -Xreify.classes=true• JVM command-line profilers

Monitoring• Java Management Extensions (JMX) • Gems available for clients and servers• jconsole and VisualVM• Most servers provide additional tools• New Relic, etc have JVM support

VisualVM• CPU, memory, thread monitoring• CPU and memory proﬁling• VisualGC• Heap analysis

Your Turn• Try your apps on JRuby and tell us• Turn on JRuby in @travisci• Let us know what you think of JRuby• Help us make JRuby even better!

Thank you!• @headius• jruby.org• torquebox.org

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Euruko 2012 - JRuby

by Charles Nutter on Jun 07, 2012

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