Middlebury Institute May 2016
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Overview of Social Media During Disaster and Crowd Power in Disaster Response Prepared for Middlebury Institute of International Studies (MIIS) Disaster Response/Resilience Seminar Presented by Catherine Graham May 6, 2016
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Middlebury Institute May 2016
- 1. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road The Power of the CrowdThe Power of the Crowd Overview of Social Media During Disaster and Crowd Power in Disaster Response Prepared for Middlebury Institute of International Studies (MIIS) Disaster Response/Resilience Seminar Presented by Catherine Graham May 6, 2016 Hashtag #HRHow
- 2. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road About Us Disaster Response – Information as Aid: Disaster intelligence – situation reporting & special activations Urgent Needs - public and partner requests for information. Surge Support - community needs digital surge support assistance Disaster Preparedness Exercise development, Crowd simulation Social Media Training and Support services Process Improvement Tools testing, subject matter expertise Global 501c3 NGO public charity Digital Disaster Response Force Multipliers Hashtag #HRHow
- 3. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road a. Social Media Emergency Management An overview on how information emerges in social media b. Social Media and Disasters Volume and Velocity An overview on Information and Knowledge Management i. USA – Sandy ii. Philippines - Typhoon Yolanda iii. Nepal – Earthquake iv. Tools and Technology – Data in Motion c. Crowd Dynamics The Power of The Crowd Hashtag #HRHow
- 4. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Self Directed Work Team Self Directed Work TeamSelf Directed Work Team Hashtag #HRHow
- 5. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road What is Social Media Emergency Management? SMEM Hashtag #HRHow
- 6. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Still being defined Hashtag #HRHow Task – Search for any disaster In progress today Is there a hashtag? Tacit Knowledge and Explicit KnowledgeTacit Knowledge and Explicit Knowledge SMEM
- 7. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Citizens in the impact zone Relatives & Friends outside the impact zone relaying info How Information Emerges in Social media Absence of power does not mean, absence of communications or technology, Emergency Management needs to be in social media even if its just to direct traffic to official pages. Absence of power does not mean, absence of communications or technology, Emergency Management needs to be in social media even if its just to direct traffic to official pages. Accurate information SMEM Hashtag #HRHow
- 8. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Mission 4636 launched ICE SAR Team Lands 23 Hrs DAY 0 Social Media Text to Canada saves woman under rubble 26 SAR teams rescued 154 ppl 72 Hour Window of Survival DAY 3 DAY 4 DAY 5 DAY 6DAY 1 DAY 2 Milot Hospital begins receiving patients Case Study – Haiti First Days ICE SAR Arrives in Leogane Local rescues Month 1 Text Messages Month 2 Month 3 Social Media Milot Hospital sends emails Social Media Tweet: ppl alive under rubble crying for help The 7.0 Quake that struck Haiti dramatically impacted how technology and social media can be used for disasterThe 7.0 Quake that struck Haiti dramatically impacted how technology and social media can be used for disaster Mainstream Media Milot Hospital need patients SMEM Hashtag #HRHow
- 9. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Evolution of Crisismapping Cell Phone Battery Life 72 Hour of Survival Voice lines saturated or broken Philippines (Project Agos & eBanyihan by Ateneo University) USA Hurricane Sandy Nepal (Quake Map Kathmandu Living Labs + HOT OSM) Christ Church NZ (EQNZ) DAY 0 DAY 3 DAY 4 DAY 5DAY 1 DAY 2DRR Plan 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010Haiti 4636 Disaster IMKM Hashtag #HRHow
- 10. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Christchurch Earthquake Feb 2011 New Zealand •Infrastructure damage •Evacuation Zones •Medical Related •Services Available Chicago Snow Map Blizzard Feb 2011 Chicago, IL USA •Stranded people •Blocked roads •Abandoned vehicles •Shovel brigades Recovery Alabama Tornado Outbreak May 2011 Alabama, USA •Infrastructure damage •Assistance Needed •Solutions Offered Early Days Crowdmap & Crisismapping Good awareness but can create donation management issues if the lifecycle of the need isn’t managedGood awareness but can create donation management issues if the lifecycle of the need isn’t managed SMEM Hashtag #HRHow
- 11. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Good News NoGood News No Casualties – Bad newsCasualties – Bad news No Relief goodsNo Relief goods Good News NoGood News No Casualties – Bad newsCasualties – Bad news No Relief goodsNo Relief goods The public, operating through social media such as Twitter, Facebook, YouTube become a source of information. Data Layers Data Layers I-W itness Reports I-W itness Reports Crisismapping – Lifecycle of Synthesizing Data SMEM Hashtag #HRHow Current data management is improving that lifecycle of informationCurrent data management is improving that lifecycle of information
- 12. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Nepal Crisismap Response Verify x 2 SMEM Lifecycle of Synthesizing Data SUCCESS! Hashtag #HRHow In large scale events you are touching the same data points frequentlyIn large scale events you are touching the same data points frequently
- 13. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Information, Data and Process Volume and Velocity IMKM Hashtag #HRHow
- 14. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Four V’s of #SMEM IMKM
- 15. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Information, Data and Process What is IM/KM Information Management and Knowledge Management IMKM
- 16. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road KM - SMEM Response IM- SMEM Assessment IMKM Keeping the Human in Humanity Hashtag #HRHow
- 17. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Effective IM/KM IMKM Hashtag #HRHow Before After
- 18. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Data Mining – Time, Place, Event Information is a vital form of aid in itself. Disaster affected people need information as much as water, food, medicine, or shelter. IFRC World Disasters Report, 2005 Task – Search for __________ What Location? What time & Date? IMKM
- 19. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Twitter Sandy Social media management and listening becomes challenging in slow moving large scale events.Social media management and listening becomes challenging in slow moving large scale events. Volume and Velocity –Sandy Twitter Twitter saw a rise in social media beginning on Friday, October 26th and spiking on Monday, October 29th with up to 30,000 tweets per hour as the storm struck New York and New Jersey. Over 260,000 tweets were recorded in the New York Area IMKM Hashtag #HRHow
- 20. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Will always require human assistance to identify Gap Analysis in real time as well as low and no techWill always require human assistance to identify Gap Analysis in real time as well as low and no tech Volume and Velocity – Local 211 Snapshot 31% (432 Cases) - resident is over 60 yrs old 17% (242 Cases) - at least one resident disabled 32% (454 Cases) - need mold remediation 22% (308 cases) – need drywall removed Snapshot 31% (432 Cases) - resident is over 60 yrs old 17% (242 Cases) - at least one resident disabled 32% (454 Cases) - need mold remediation 22% (308 cases) – need drywall removed The following anonymized case samplings are presented with permission and selected from 1,400 cases that are marked open as of March 20, 2013, IMKM Hashtag #HRHow Local 211 - Saturation
- 21. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Report Machine Assisted Monitoring – First 20 Days Aggregate: In support of Typhoon YolandaPH Humanity Road identified and aggregated, 1,000,000 tweets from the Philippines. Filter: 1,000,000 tweet records were refined to 40,000 potentially actionable. Triage: The 40,000 tweet records were further refined to 4,000 potentially actionable. Export: The 4,000 tweet records were reviewed, and actionable relevant content exported into our situation report.. Report: Actionable and relevant content was reported three ways, 1. Directly to the public 2. Public Situation Reports 3. Private activation reports Volume and Velocity – YolandaPH (Haiyan) IMKM Hashtag #HRHow Big Data Strategic Tactical Data
- 22. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Timeline DAY 0 72 Hour Window of Survival DAY 9 DAY 12 DAY 15 DAY 18DAY 3 DAY 6 Urgent Needs tracking: Outputs: APAN, Reliefweb , Activation Partners Landfall Day 1 DAY 20 Day 20 7-Nov 8-Nov 9-Nov 10-Nov 11-Nov 12-Nov 13-Nov 14-Nov 15-Nov 16-Nov 17-Nov 18-Nov 19-Nov 20-Nov 21-Nov 22-Nov 23-Nov 24-Nov Relaying Urgent Needs continues Monitoring Hospital Responses Day 10 Big Data Analytics – YolandaPH (Haiyan) IMKM Hashtag #HRHow
- 23. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Big DataBig Data StrategicStrategic AnalysisAnalysis Targeted DataTargeted Data TacticalTactical AnalysisAnalysis Tools and Technology – Data in Motion IMKM
- 24. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Hashtag #HRHow Roleplaying – you be the stakeholdersRoleplaying – you be the stakeholders
- 25. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road So what do you need to know? Hashtag #HRHow Role Play Today’s Disaster
- 26. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road Hashtag #HRHow Roleplaying – you be the stakeholdersRoleplaying – you be the stakeholders 1. Who is the official agency or agencies for this event? 2. Is your stakeholder active for this event? 3. What hashtags are they using 4. What content would be useful to them or other stakeholders?
- 27. May 6, 2016 Presented by: Cat Graham, Vice President Humanity Road QUESTIONS? Volunteers@humanityroad.org Join us – Activate Us Activate@humanityroad.org
Editor's Notes
- We were founded in 2010 as the first of its kind nonprofit. We mobilize on behalf of the public to provide information when they need it most.Self Directed work team collective behavior with training and a mission With training, individuals with different skills and talents combine to work without the usual supervision. They are guided toward a common mission. We maintain a roster of about 100 but also have surge teams and addition reserves.
- Introduce yourself and tell me what your interests are in social media.
- Social Media is still being defined. The art of emergency management is a mature field of study and operations but social media emergency management is still in its infancy. It was after 2010 that officials began to encourage their staff to be in social media. Academic programs continue to seek ways they can enhance their academic programs to catch up. But academic is explicit knowledge you can teach methods but nothing compares to experience.
- When disaster strikes, information flows quickly and usually New Media carries the broadest footprint of information with the highest and broadest amount of detail. It’s fast, timely and unfiltered. Traditional Mainstream media, collects the data – formerly in person and phone, now via social media – culls, synthesizes and reports, may not be as accurate Official Channels release information at a much slower pace, smaller amount, culls, confirms and reports – its highly accurate
- On January 12 a 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti. Texts began to emerge from beneath the rubble of citizens trapped In the first three days social media and the cell phones of loved one were saturated with information. A crisis mapping effort emerged after the first 72 hours, but it wasn’t until day 5 that they could receive text messages. We were fielding information on a hospital in the hills of Haiti that was undamaged, had beds, doctors and no patients.
- In 2010 Mission 4636 was launched on Day 5 of the Earthquake in Haiti, After the Christ Church earthquake it was launched late after the first day and within 48 hours was transitioned to the local community and proved effective locally. Nepal and the Philippines have both adopted digital platforms for information management of crowd contributed reports.
- For Humanity Road part of our mission includes crisismapping – which helps improve situational awareness but can contribute to Donation Management Issues. Chicago Snow map – Main stream media (Chicago Tribune) in partnership with the public & CERT Recovery Alabama – Main stream media (Tuscaloosa News) won a Pulitzer Christ Church – Technology Citizens – worked to combine two maps – SVArmy Born Hurricane Irene – Broad effort, many states, multiple maps emerged
- In real time, the public is sharing key information that is relevant and useful to disaster response agencies, aid agencies, civ-mil and humanitarians locally as well as globally. Philippines have mastered the art of social media emergency management. After Haiti, crowdsourcing was used by day four, after Sandy more than 30 crowdsourcing maps and efforts emerged. Philippines has Project Agos. They work in conjuction with the ETC cluster and under the PIO urgent needs are routed for solution.
- Quakemap.org is an initiative led by Kathmandu Living Labs with onsite coordination support from NepalMonitor.org and remote support from Humanity Road. The goal: match needs with ongoing relief efforts. As of Monday May 18, 2015 there were over 1800 reports on quakemap.org which have been processed and routed to more than 50 military and civilian aid organizations. Disasters are local but have international complexities. A total of 65,462 people from 89 countries have visited the map and have accessed and viewed pages 206,751 times.
- On today’s talk we’re focusing only on two areas – volume and velocity. Other areas include Variety and veracity. Information is a vital form of aid in itself. Disaster affected people need information as much as water, food, medicine, or shelter. Getting this information through the response chain is not always easy, verification is possible but it takes long hours of diligent research and verification steps.
- What is Information management and knowledge management?
- Social Media Emergency Management requires the ability to find the signal in the noise. But to find that signal you need to understand what your question is or what problem you are trying to solve. Information management relies on your ability to clearly state your knowledge management goal. know before you go data diving what your knowledge goals are. Through discovery of data, information is identified, and knowledge builds. Eventually you achieve wisdom of the situation. When you have assessed enough you achieve a decision for your response and it helps to have others looking at the data at the same time.
- Effective IM/KM management can influence the crowd.
- Information is a vital form of aid in itself. Disaster affected people need information as much as water, food, medicine, or shelter. Getting this information through the response chain is not always easy, verification is possible but it takes long hours of diligent research and verification steps and sometimes the help of technology tools. But don’t let the tools get in the way of the goal.
- Sandy was a slow moving long term event with a large footprint. Traffic built up slowly in social media across many states but when it hit landfall traffic spiked quickly. Social media mgt and listening becomes challenging in slow moving large scale events. What would be your saturation point? Tweets averaged about 70,000 per day but spiked to 500k at landfall.
- Twitter was not the only saturated communication channel – 211 was overwhelmed with case calls. They made a groundbreaking move to use Crisis Cleanup a tool created by Aaron Titus of Mormon Helping hands. Finding data elements within your data stream depends on what you are looking for, examples would be Private Sector data – what businesses are functioning Vulnerable Population needs
- Let’s take a look at Machine assisted monitoring. This helps manage large quantities of data. I’m a SMEM archeologist – I’m looking for individual and specific pieces of information. We currently are using a prototype tool (SBIR N121-092) being developed by Progeny Systems. which provided critical filtering capabilities that eliminated much of the noise. Under this program, we have machine studied nearly 300 events including 49 hurricanes, 40 earthquakes and 22 tornadoes. We have analyzed approximately 100 Million tweets
- But you can lift other useful data from SMEM – including patterns of saturation, or absence of communications. Philippines have mastered the art of social media emergency management but for Haiyan they needed help with communications. We work with with Philippines and 20 other nations under a Multinational Communications Interoperability program to help improve the disaster response model.
- Effective IMKM involves both tactical response and strategic analysis. The communications footprint map we did for the Phillipines was the first of its kind. Social media contributes to highly useful data. For Vanuatu for Cyclone Pam it helped us create the first early impacts map. On the tactical side we are searching for the signal or the absence of signal as you saw on the Haiyan research. But achieving this daily takes practice and not losing site of the everyday conversations in social media. Are you ready to give it try?
- For our disaster de jour Find your stakeholder in social media
- Assign them a stakeholder card Write a post (msg) Find your stakeholder in social media