Simple, step by step, Chi square test of independence explanation.

1. Chi Square Test of Independence
Conceptual

2. Questions of Independence

3. Questions of independence are actually the flip
side of questions of relationship. If a variable is
independent of another variable, then functions
in one will not be accompanied by functions in
the other.

4. Like the higher the temperature the stronger
people are.

5. Like the higher the temperature the stronger
people are.

6. Questions of Independence are often posed as
questions of bias.

7. For example, the question, “Are admissions
decisions at a local community college fair?” can
reasonably be interpreted as a question of
independence (or bias).

8. If fairness is taken to mean that there is
proportional representation of minority and
majority students that mirrors the local
proportions, then a test of independence can
estimate whether admissions are “fair”.

9. The question becomes “Are admissions
decisions independent of majority/minority
status?”

10. Assuming that majority students are similar in
their preparation and motivation as minority
students and they apply to the community
college in proportionally similar notes as
minority students, then a fair admissions
process should be independent of majority
status and render proportions of admissions
that are similar to proportions of majority and
minority students in the local populations

11. INDEPENDENT EXAMPLE: If you are a minority
you are neither more likely nor less likely to be
admitted

12. Failure to be independent would indicate bias.
BIAS EXAMPLE: If you are a minority you are
more likely to be admitted
BIAS EXAMPLE: If you are a minority you less
likely to be admitted

13. Failure to be independent would indicate bias.
BIAS EXAMPLE: If you are a minority you are
more likely to be admitted
BIAS EXAMPLE: If you are a minority you less
likely to be admitted
You will use certain statistical methods (like the
chi square test of independence) to determine if
independence is significant or not.