2. MOST COMMON INJURIES
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
The ACL is injured during recovery from falling
backwards (in expert skiers) or hyperflexion and
internal rotation of the knee (in lowerlevel skiers).
3. LACHMAN TEST
The test is performed with the patient in a supine position and the injured knee flexed to 30 degrees. The
physician stabilizes the distal femur with one hand, grasps the proximal tibia in the other hand, and then
attempts to sublux(dislocate) the tibia anteriorly. Lack of a clear end point indicates a positive Lachman test.
4. Collateral Ligament Injuries
The medial collateral ligamentis a medial stabilizer
of the knee and is most commonly injured by a
blow to the lateral aspect of the knee or by the
patient planting the foot and then colliding with
another athlete.
Injury of the lateral collateral ligament is less
common but more disabling. It occurs via
hyperextension with varus stress or from a
direct blow or rotation.
5. Knee Dislocation
This often occurs as a result of a high-speed motor A knee dislocation occurs when the bones that form the
vehicle accident. Knee dislocations are classified knee are out of place. A knee dislocation, more
according to the direction that the tibia is displaced specifically, is when the bones of the leg (the tibia and
in relation to the femur. Of knee dislocations, 50%- fibula) are moved in relation to the bone in the thigh
60% are anterior, but popliteal artery injury is most (femur). The bones of the knee are held together by
commonly associated with posterior dislocations strong bands of tissue called ligaments. Each ligament
is responsible for stabilizing the knee in a certain
position. For a knee dislocation to occur, these
ligaments must tear.
6. PREVENTION
15 minute neuromuscular warm-up programme (targeting: core stability, balance, and proper
knee alignment) to be carried out twice a week throughout the season.
7. Exercises
one legged knee squat
pelvic lift
two legged knee squat
the bench(step over knee)
the lunge
and jump/landing technique
8. INTERVENTION INFORMATION
The exercises were preceded by 5 minutes of low intensity running and took about
15 minutes to complete after familiarisation. The intervention clubs were instructed
to do the exercises during the warm-up at two training sessions a week throughout
the whole season. All players started on the first level of difficulty and proceeded to
the next level when exercises were performed with good control as assessed by the
coach.
9. RESULTS OF PREVENTION
Seven players (0.28%) in the intervention group, and 14 (0.67%) in the control group had an
anterior cruciate ligament injury. By Cox regression analysis according to intention to treat, a
64% reduction in the rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury was seen in the intervention group
(rate ratio 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.85). The absolute rate difference was −0.07
(95% confidence interval −0.13 to 0.001) per 1000 playing hours in favour of the intervention
group. No significant rate reductions were seen for secondary outcomes.
A 15 minute neuromuscular warm-up programme reduced the overall rate of anterior cruciate
ligament injury by 64% in adolescent female football players Players who carried out the
programme at least once a week (compliers) additionally had lower rates of severe knee injury
(>4 weeks’ absence) and any acute knee injury Neuromuscular training should be part of the
warm-up programme for young female football players
10. TREATMENT
Almost all knee injuries will need more than one visit to the doctor. If no operation is indicated,
then RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) with some strengthening exercises and
perhaps physical therapy will be needed. Sometimes the decision for surgery is delayed to see
if the RICE and physical therapy will be effective. Each injury is unique, and treatment decisions
depend on what the expectation for function will be. As an example, a torn ACL (anterior
cruciate ligament) would usually require surgery in a young athlete or a construction worker, but
the ACL may be allowed to heal with physical therapy in an 80-year-old who is not very mobile.
11.
12. KNEE ARTHROSCOPY
is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which an examination and sometimes treatment of
damage of the interior of a joint is performed using an arthroscope, a type of endoscope that is
inserted into the joint through a small incision.
Knee arthroscopy is commonly performed for
reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Can
also be performed just for. Nowadays it’s replaced be
magnetic resonance image. During an average surgery
a camera is inserted into the joint. A special fluid is
used to visualize the joint parts. Then other miniature
instruments are used and the surgery is performed.
13. EXERCISE GUIDE AFTER KNEE ARTHROSCOPY
Before You Start
Recommendation: approximately 20 to 30 minutes of exercises two or three times a day.
As you increase the intensity of your exercise program, you may experience temporary set backs.
If your knee swells or hurts after a particular exercise activity, you should lessen or stop the activity
until you feel better.
You should Rest, Ice, Compress (with an elastic bandage), and Elevate your knee
(R.I.C.E.).
Initial Exercise: Hamstring Contraction
15. PREVENTION AND TREATMEN
Kinesiotaping
- Terapeutic method of taping some body area with
special tape
- Amplify muscle strength
- Elastic cotton tape that is claimed to be able to
stretch up to 120–140% of its original length
- Tape is applied with the affected muscle in a
stretched position, taping from the origin of the
muscle to the insertion point
