The document introduces the VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, which is used to predict the geometry of molecules based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom. It then defines three types of organic compounds - alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes - based on the number and type of bonds between carbon atoms. The presence of double or triple bonds affects the molecular geometry compared to single bonds in alkanes according to VSEPR theory.
16. an Alkane (saturated hydrocarbon) is an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. All carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds
17. an Alkene (insaturated hydrocarbon) is an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. At least one of the carbon-carbon bonds is a double bond. The molecule on the left represent the simplest alkene: ethylene (ethene) H2C=CH2
18. an Alkyne (insaturated hydrocarbon) is an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. At least one of the carbon-carbon bond is a triple bond. The molecule on the left represent the simplest alkyne: acethylene (ethyne) HCCH