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Epidemiology of periodontal diseases
1.
2.
3.
4. To describe the destribution and magnitude
of periodontal diseases
To identify etiological factors and
pathogenesis of disease
To study prognosis of the disease
To provide data essential for prevention and
treatment of disease
5. Prevalance is the proportion of persons in a
population who have the disease at a given
point in a period of time
PREVALANCE=NO OF PERSON WITH DISEASE
TOTAL NO OF PERSON IN POPULATION
6. It is average percentage of unaffected person
who will develop the disease of interest
during a given period of time
Incidence = no of new cases
no of person at risk in population
12. 188 sites in patient that may or may not
bleed
1 bleeding site or 5 bleeding site regardless of
no of teeth
ESI (extent and severity index)
Consider the site where attachment loss is
more than 1mm
E.g ESI(20,5.0)
20% site examined has disease
Attachment loss 5mm
13. True endpoint:
Tangible outcomes that directly measure how
patient feel,function,or survive
e.g painful periodontal abcess
Surrogate endpoint:
changes that are intangible to patient
e.g anatomic measures…probing depth
measure of inflammation
Microbiological measures
Immunological measures
14. Continuous changes in type of surrogate data
collected
Diversity of measurement
Paucity of information
e.g probing depth from no of teeth present
leads to bias
16. DESCRIBITIVE STUDIES..observing the
destribution of disease
ANALYTICAL STUDIES… to determine etiology
Establish casual relationship between factor
and disease
17. Provide a probabilistic basis for making
causal inference between intervention and
outcome
Scaling and
rootplaning in
preganent
women
Biphasic calicum
phosphate
cermics
Infant low birth
weight
Clinical
attachment
level
823
137
treatment outcome
Sample
size
18. Exposure based study design
Subjects are classifed with respect to
exposure i.e smoking,diabetes
Exposure ……outcome
Periodontal disease+tooth loss …coronary heart disease
Gingivitis…. Tooth loss
19. Outcome based study design
Compare between case(person with
condition of interest) and control(person
without condition of interest)
Case:
Person in population or study group having
particular disease,health disorder and
condition
Incident cases(date of diagnosis is after date of
study initiation)
Prevalent cases(date of diagnosis preceed)
Decedent cases(who died before date of study)
21. Sufficient cause: set of causes that initiate a
chronic disease
smoking,delay neutrophils apoptosis,IL-1 gene
defect
Component cause:
The element of sufficent cause are component
cause
Necessary cause:
A component cause which is an element of all
sufficient causes for a given disease
22. Fermentable carbohydrates necessary cause
of dental caries
Smoking is not necessary cause of lung
cancer