Dengue disease all over imformation

1. DENGUE DISEASE

2. INTRODUCTION
Dengue fever, commonly known as break bone fever is
a flu-like illness caused by the Dengue virus. It is
caused when an Aedes mosquito carrying the virus
bites a healthy person. This disease is mainly found in
the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world.
According to WHO, an estimated 500,000 people
require hospitalization each year. Most cases occur in
tropical areas of the world, with the population in the
Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Mexico, Africa,
parts of Central and South America most susceptible to
the disease. As per the data released by the
Directorate of the National Vector Borne Disease
Control Programme (NVBDCP), there have been 67,000
cases of Dengue fever as of 13th October 2019 in India.

3. What Is Dengue Fever?
Dengue (DEN-gee) fever is a tropical disease caused by a
virus carried by mosquitoes. The virus can cause fever,
headaches, rashes, and pain throughout the body. Most cases
of dengue fever are mild and go away on their own after
about a week. Dengue fever rarely strikes in the United
States — the last reported outbreak was in Texas in 2005. But
if you plan to travel to a foreign country, especially one in
the tropics, it's wise to guard against dengue fever. Wearing
insect repellent, covering sleep areas with netting, and
avoiding the outdoors at dusk and dawn (when mosquitoes
are most active) can help lower the chances of infection.

4. Causes of Dengue:
Dengue is caused due to four viruses, namely - DENV-1,
DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. The virus enters a mosquito
when it bites an already infected person. And the illness is
spread when it bites a healthy person, and the virus spreads
through the person’s bloodstream.Once a person recovers,
he is immune to the specific virus and not the other three
types. The probability of developing severe Dengue fever,
also known as Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, increases if
you're infected a second, third or fourth time.

5. Mild Dengue Fever – Symptoms are seen after a week from the bite and
include severe or fatal complications.Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever – Symptoms
are mild but can gradually worsen within a few days.Dengue Shock Syndrome –
This is a severe form of dengue and can even cause death.

7. Symptoms
Many people experience no signs or symptoms of a dengue
infection.When symptoms do occur, they may be mistaken for other
illnesses — such as the flu — and usually begin four to 10 days after you
are bitten by an infected mosquito.Dengue fever causes a high fever —
104 F (40 C) — and any of the following signs and symptoms:Headache,
bone or joint pain, Nausea,Vomiting, Pain behind the eyes, Swollen
glands, Rash.
Most people recover within a week or so. In some cases, symptoms
worsen and can become life-threatening. This is called severe dengue,
dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome.Severe dengue
happens when your blood vessels become damaged and leaky. And the
number of clot-forming cells (platelets) in your bloodstream drops. This
can lead to shock, internal bleeding, organ failure and even
death.Warning signs of severe dengue fever — which is a life-threatening
emergency — can develop quickly.

9. Dengue Treatment:
There is no specific treatment of Dengue fever or cure as Dengue
is a virus. Timely intervention can help, depending on how severe
the disease is. Here are a few basic treatments of Dengue
fever:Medication: Painkillers like Tylenol or Paracetamol are
generally prescribed to the patients. IV drips are sometimes
supplemented in case of severe dehydration.Stay hydrated: This is
crucial as most of our bodily fluids are lost during vomiting and
high fever. Continuous intake of fluids will make sure that the
body does not easily dehydrate.

10. Vaccine
In areas of the world where dengue fever is common, one dengue
fever vaccine (Dengvaxia) is approved for people ages 9 to 45 who
have already had dengue fever at least once. The vaccine is given
in three doses over the course of 12 months.
the vaccine is approved only for people who have a documented
history of dengue fever or who have had a blood test that shows
previous infection with one of the dengue viruses — called
seropositivity. In people who have not had dengue fever in the
past (seronegative), receiving the vaccine appears to increase the
risk of severe dengue fever and hospitalization due to dengue
fever in the future.
Dengvaxia is not available for travelers or for people who live in
the continental United States. But in 2019, the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration approved the vaccine for people ages 9 to 16
who have had dengue fever in the past and who live in the U.S.
territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico and the U.S.
Virgin Islands — where dengue fever is common.

11. Dengue Prevention:
Researchers are still working on finding a specific cure for
Dengue fever. Dengue fever treatment involves the use of
pain relievers with acetaminophen. Additionally, your doctor
will recommend you to drink plenty of fluids and take rest.
The best way is prevention. Following are some actions you
can take to keep yourself safe from the virus:Lesser skin
exposure: Try wearing long pants and shirts to cover your
skin surfaces and reducing the chances of bites. Mosquitoes
are highly active early in the morning or evening, so try
avoiding venturing out in those times.Mosquito Repellent: A
repellent with at least 10 per cent concentration of
diethyltoluamide (DEET). A higher concentration is needed
for longer exposures. You can apply the ointment daily to
keep mosquitoes away.

12. Personal hygiene:
When you are infected with any virus, you are extra sensitive to other
illnesses. Use a hand sanitizer like Dettol liquid hand wash which acts to
keep germs at bay. This liquid soap will protect you against many illness-
causing germs.Disinfect stagnant water: The Aedes mosquito breeds in
clean and stagnant water. Keep water covered at all times and use a
proper disinfectant if necessary. Turn over any vessels which can
accumulate water and scrub the surfaces thoroughly so as to reduce the
chances of developing a breeding ground for the mosquitoes. Hygiene is
of the utmost importance, even more so when you are not well. The
patient can opt for a sponge bath if not a regular bath. Add a few drops
of disinfectant liquid like Dettol to the water being used for bathing. It is
also advisable to sanitize your hand with a hand sanitizer like Dettol
before and after visiting the patient in the hospital. Disinfect the water
used to wash the patient’s clothes with Dettol to rid the clothes of
germs.