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Els substantius
Són paraules que designen persones, animals, objectes, idees abstractes.
Exemples: home, dona, ocell, girafa, tamboret, cadira, idea
El gènere
Quan els noms designen animals o persones tenen una forma masculina i una
forma femenina.
El pagès la pagesa
El moix La moixa
1. Alguns noms, en afegir la -a del femení, poden presentar alguns
canvis:
Lloba
Àvia
hereva
Llop
Avi
Hereu
2. De vegades canvia la terminació del masculí al femení:
Gall
Actor
Arqueòleg
bruixot
Gallina
Actriu
Arqueòloga
bruixa
3. Hi ha substantius que tenen arrels diferents per al masculí i per al
femení:
vaca
toro
dona
home
Artista, taxista...
Boletaire, escombriaire...
4. Hi ha noms que són invariables
La clau El clau
5. Hi ha noms que canvien de significat si canvia el gènere.
El nombre
El nombre dels noms varia: poden ser singulars o plurals
1. Per formar el plural normalment afegim una -s:
llibre llibres
2. Els singulars acabats en -a formen el plural -es
astronauta = astronautes
Això implica que hi pot haver canvis ortogràfics:
Peça … peces
Platja ... platges
Amiga ... amigues
Llengua ... llengües
Pasqua ... pasqües
3. Els singulars acabats en vocal tònica afegeixen -ns:
pi pins
mans
mà
4. Els masculins singulars acabats en -s, -ç, -x, -ix, -tx afegeixen -os
mes mesos
llaç llaços
peix peixos
despatx despatxos
5. Els masculins singulars acabats en -sc, -st, -xt, -ig poden fer el plural en -s o -os
disc. discos. discs
text. textos. texts
test testos. tests
Classes de noms
EL NOM (teoria) .pdf

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EL NOM (teoria) .pdf

  • 2. Són paraules que designen persones, animals, objectes, idees abstractes. Exemples: home, dona, ocell, girafa, tamboret, cadira, idea
  • 4. Quan els noms designen animals o persones tenen una forma masculina i una forma femenina. El pagès la pagesa El moix La moixa
  • 5. 1. Alguns noms, en afegir la -a del femení, poden presentar alguns canvis: Lloba Àvia hereva Llop Avi Hereu
  • 6. 2. De vegades canvia la terminació del masculí al femení: Gall Actor Arqueòleg bruixot Gallina Actriu Arqueòloga bruixa
  • 7. 3. Hi ha substantius que tenen arrels diferents per al masculí i per al femení: vaca toro dona home
  • 8. Artista, taxista... Boletaire, escombriaire... 4. Hi ha noms que són invariables
  • 9. La clau El clau 5. Hi ha noms que canvien de significat si canvia el gènere.
  • 11. El nombre dels noms varia: poden ser singulars o plurals 1. Per formar el plural normalment afegim una -s: llibre llibres
  • 12. 2. Els singulars acabats en -a formen el plural -es astronauta = astronautes Això implica que hi pot haver canvis ortogràfics: Peça … peces Platja ... platges Amiga ... amigues Llengua ... llengües Pasqua ... pasqües
  • 13. 3. Els singulars acabats en vocal tònica afegeixen -ns: pi pins mans mà
  • 14. 4. Els masculins singulars acabats en -s, -ç, -x, -ix, -tx afegeixen -os mes mesos llaç llaços peix peixos despatx despatxos
  • 15. 5. Els masculins singulars acabats en -sc, -st, -xt, -ig poden fer el plural en -s o -os disc. discos. discs text. textos. texts test testos. tests