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FUNTZIO DIGITALAK LABURTZEKO KARNAUGH METODOA
• Metodo hau baliagarria da, gehienez lau edo bost aldagi ditugunerako.;
aldagai gehiago izanez gero Quine-McCluskey-ren metodoa erabiltzea
komenigarria da.
• Goaz ikustera adibide baten bitartez nola garatzen den metodo hau.
1. Lehenengo pausua da sistema deskribatzen duen “Egiazko taula”
garatzea. Har dezagun adibide moduan honako hau:
Orain egiten genuena zen funtzio kanonikoak lortu, eta gero Boolen algebra-ren
postulatuak erabiliz funtzioa laburbildu. Honako kasu honetan funtzio hauek
lortuko genituzke:
Lehenengo funtzio kanonikoa
Bigarren funtzio kanonikoa
2. Egin behar dugun bigarren pausua da erabakitzea zein funtzio kanonikoa
erabiliko dugun, eta hori zero eta bat kopuruaren arabera egingo dugu.
Kasu honetan bat kopurua 6koa da, eta zero kopurua aitzitik 10koa.
Beraz hasiera batean komenigarriagoa da lehenengo forma kanonikoa
erabili eta 1-ak erabili, hala ere, gu bi funtzio kanonikoak ebaztuko ditugu
dena argiago gera dadin
3. Hurrengo pausua da honako laukiak marraztea, eta “Egiazko taulan” eta
hautatutako funtzio kanonikoan oinarrituz taula bete. Kontutan eduki nola
dauden kokatuta aldegaiak, garrantzitsua baita segituan azalduko dugun
kasuengatik.
4. Gero batekoak hartu egiten ditugu eta 2, 4, 8 eta 16 laukitxoko
multzoetan sartzen ditugu. Multzoa ahalik eta handiagoa, orduan eta
hobe. Multzoak osatzeko laukitxoak auzokideak izan behar dira, horrela
honako ereduak izan ditzakegu:
Gure kasuan, honako Karnaugh mapa izango ditugu
Ikus dezakugunez aldaketa bat eginda, gehiago laburbildu ditzakegu funtzioak.
5. Amaieran, funtzioak osatu behar ditugu, eta horietan oinarrituz sistema
osatuko duen zirkuitua egin edo eraiki.
6. Askotan beste pausu bat egiten da, hain zuzen sistema osoa ate
berdinekin egiteko, horretarako jakin behar dugu funtzioak eraldatzen.
Era orokor batean oinarrizko ateak, NAND eta NOR ateen bitartez erraz
lor ditzakegu:
Oinarrizko ateak NAND ateen bitartez
Oinarrizko ateak NOR ateen bitartez
FUNTZIOEN GARAPENA NAND ATEEN BITARTEZ
Honako prozesu hau garatu behar da funtzio bat nand ateen bitartez garatzeko:
1. funtzio osoari inbertsio bikoitz bat aplikatu
2. Funtzioa biderkaketa bat izanez gero, horrela uzten da, aitzitik batuketa
bat bada, biderkaketa bihurtzen dugu de Morgan-en teorema erabiliz.
3. Gauza bera egiten dugu termino txikiagokoekin, batuketa guztiak
biderketen ordez aldatzeraino.
FUNTZIOEN GARAPENA NOR ATEEN BITARTEZ
Honako prozesu hau garatu behar da funtzio bat no rateen bitartez garatzeko:
1. Funtzio osoari inbertsio bikoitza aplikatu
2. Funtzioa batuketa bat izanez gero, horrela uzten da, aitzitik biderkaketa
bat bada, batuketa bihurtzen dugu de Morgan-en teorema erabiliz.
3. Gauza bera egiten dugu termino txikiagokoekin, biderketa guztiak
batuketen ordez aldatzeraino.
ARIKETAK
1. Laburbildu Karnaugh metodoaren bitartez honako bi taula hauek:
a b c F1
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0
a b c d F1
0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 0

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Funtzio digitalak laburtzeko karnaugh metodoa

  • 1. FUNTZIO DIGITALAK LABURTZEKO KARNAUGH METODOA • Metodo hau baliagarria da, gehienez lau edo bost aldagi ditugunerako.; aldagai gehiago izanez gero Quine-McCluskey-ren metodoa erabiltzea komenigarria da. • Goaz ikustera adibide baten bitartez nola garatzen den metodo hau. 1. Lehenengo pausua da sistema deskribatzen duen “Egiazko taula” garatzea. Har dezagun adibide moduan honako hau: Orain egiten genuena zen funtzio kanonikoak lortu, eta gero Boolen algebra-ren postulatuak erabiliz funtzioa laburbildu. Honako kasu honetan funtzio hauek lortuko genituzke:
  • 2. Lehenengo funtzio kanonikoa Bigarren funtzio kanonikoa 2. Egin behar dugun bigarren pausua da erabakitzea zein funtzio kanonikoa erabiliko dugun, eta hori zero eta bat kopuruaren arabera egingo dugu. Kasu honetan bat kopurua 6koa da, eta zero kopurua aitzitik 10koa. Beraz hasiera batean komenigarriagoa da lehenengo forma kanonikoa erabili eta 1-ak erabili, hala ere, gu bi funtzio kanonikoak ebaztuko ditugu dena argiago gera dadin 3. Hurrengo pausua da honako laukiak marraztea, eta “Egiazko taulan” eta hautatutako funtzio kanonikoan oinarrituz taula bete. Kontutan eduki nola dauden kokatuta aldegaiak, garrantzitsua baita segituan azalduko dugun kasuengatik.
  • 3. 4. Gero batekoak hartu egiten ditugu eta 2, 4, 8 eta 16 laukitxoko multzoetan sartzen ditugu. Multzoa ahalik eta handiagoa, orduan eta hobe. Multzoak osatzeko laukitxoak auzokideak izan behar dira, horrela honako ereduak izan ditzakegu:
  • 4. Gure kasuan, honako Karnaugh mapa izango ditugu Ikus dezakugunez aldaketa bat eginda, gehiago laburbildu ditzakegu funtzioak.
  • 5. 5. Amaieran, funtzioak osatu behar ditugu, eta horietan oinarrituz sistema osatuko duen zirkuitua egin edo eraiki. 6. Askotan beste pausu bat egiten da, hain zuzen sistema osoa ate berdinekin egiteko, horretarako jakin behar dugu funtzioak eraldatzen. Era orokor batean oinarrizko ateak, NAND eta NOR ateen bitartez erraz lor ditzakegu: Oinarrizko ateak NAND ateen bitartez Oinarrizko ateak NOR ateen bitartez
  • 6. FUNTZIOEN GARAPENA NAND ATEEN BITARTEZ Honako prozesu hau garatu behar da funtzio bat nand ateen bitartez garatzeko: 1. funtzio osoari inbertsio bikoitz bat aplikatu 2. Funtzioa biderkaketa bat izanez gero, horrela uzten da, aitzitik batuketa bat bada, biderkaketa bihurtzen dugu de Morgan-en teorema erabiliz. 3. Gauza bera egiten dugu termino txikiagokoekin, batuketa guztiak biderketen ordez aldatzeraino. FUNTZIOEN GARAPENA NOR ATEEN BITARTEZ Honako prozesu hau garatu behar da funtzio bat no rateen bitartez garatzeko: 1. Funtzio osoari inbertsio bikoitza aplikatu 2. Funtzioa batuketa bat izanez gero, horrela uzten da, aitzitik biderkaketa bat bada, batuketa bihurtzen dugu de Morgan-en teorema erabiliz. 3. Gauza bera egiten dugu termino txikiagokoekin, biderketa guztiak batuketen ordez aldatzeraino. ARIKETAK 1. Laburbildu Karnaugh metodoaren bitartez honako bi taula hauek: a b c F1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 a b c d F1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
  • 7. 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0