This document provides guidelines for writing a project proposal for a biomedical engineering senior design course. It outlines the required elements of the proposal, including an abstract, statement of the clinical problem, description of current solutions, proposed solution, project deliverables, preliminary work plan, and timeline. The proposal must be 1-2 pages and include these elements to receive a complete grade. It will be reviewed by both the course coordinator and faculty advisor to assess form and technical content. Developing a thorough proposal is important for defining project expectations and ensuring a successful outcome.

1. Hard News Article
Topic: Hard News ArticleOrder DescriptionTask1 : Write an Environmental Hard News
Article(500 words) and a reflective statement for the hard news article.(600
words)Details:1. reporting a hard news in Environmental. the news itself should contain
new/ original information.3. The news itself, must be written in news style. (see upload
document for references).4. News story should at least includes 4 original interview sources
and should have sufficient back ground to explain the context in which it has arisen.5.Must
includes Research Documents in the article (also in the references).6. Photographs (Original
must be provided where possible, or Picture sourced from photo library along with a
statement acknowledging copyright and setting out terms of use.)7. Hard News Story Must
have a head line.8. References: references in the story must be hyperlinked to source
material wherever possible.9. must provide details of all interview sources, including e-mail
aIDress10. full transcripts of interview should be include in the reference. (including all
quotes used and all other words as necessary)Task 2, Write a reflection statement analysis
regarding the task1. (600 words)reflection analysis should includes statements for
following questions:1. What difficulties did the writer encounter when writing this hard
news story?2. Why did you choose this specific news story to report?3. On what basis did
the writer decide it was news?4. What were the best and worst decisions writer made and
why do you say so??5. If you were to do the assignment again what would you do
differently?6. What did this task teaches you about journalism and being a journalist?Task 1
Criteria will be base on following, please take attention when writing.1. Appropriate news
story slection2. Accuracy of the news and new/original information.3. Appropriate use of
source, including interviews4. Clarity of expression in news style5. Accurate spelling,
punctuation, grammar and style.Task 2: reflective statement will be base on following
criteria:1. insight into processes of researching and reporting environmental news2. Insight
into decisions made, and the reason for them while producing environmental journalism.3.
Disinterested, engaged and rigorous analysis4. Strong and Clear argument.Regarding the
references, I will need 4 full interview transcripts, as this is a crucial criteria.And, I will need
research reference base for this assignment up to 5I will upload example document of what
am I expecting.EGRB 401/402BME Senior Design Studio IIGuidelines for Preparation of
Project ProposalIntroductionThe EGRB 401/402 course sequence provides an opportunity
for you to synthesize the knowledge and experience you have accrued over your
undergraduate course of study and to apply this knowledge and experience to actual design
of a medical device or process. It represents the capstone of your biomedical engineering

2. undergraduate education and provides evidence of your ability to successfully complete a
significant biomedical engineering design project.Beginning the Design ProcessThe
beginning step of the engineering design process is definition of the problem to be
engaged. The Project Proposal explains the significance of that problem to the medical
community; it identifies the specific objectives and deliverables of the project, describes the
methodology to be followed, and provides a realistic plan for completing the project on time
and on budget.You will spend the first several weeks of EGRB 401 working with a faculty
advisor to define the scope and objectives of the project and discuss possible
approaches. This is the beginning of project planning. The key issues relate to the
significance of the clinical problem, the adequacy of current solutions, the opportunity to
make a significant contribution through design of better solutions, and the feasibility of
arriving at better solutions within the time and resource constraints that exist. The scope is
important. It must be great enough to enable each team member to make a distinctive and
substantive contribution, but not so great that the project cannot be accomplished in two
semesters.Haste in completing this preliminary step can significantly diminish the
prospects for a successful outcome of the project. This is the almost universal conclusion
provided by students who complete the course. Common mistakes include failure to
identify all of the solutions that currently exist; misjudgment of the significance or
feasibility of a new product or process; definition of a project scope that is too broad or
ambiguous; and underestimation of the time required to design, prototype, and test the
proposed engineering design(s). The amount and quality of time and effort expended at
this planning stage can be the most important determinant of the ultimate success of the
project.The Project ProposalThe instructions you received at the beginning of the semester
describe the overall project process. The first project deliverable is the Project
Proposal. The Project Proposal is the instrument by which you identify and specify each of
the critical elements of your project. It provides for you and your advisor, a clear and
specific definition of what you intend to deliver at the end of the spring semester and a plan
by which you will accomplish the tasks required to make that delivery successfully. It is a
contract among team members and with the faculty advisor that sets agreed expectations
for accomplishment of the project objective(s). It is possible that a project proposal may be
revised and refined over the course of the project as intermediate results are developed and
new information is acquired. But the value of a well-developed Project Proposal is to
provide a robust structure that enables this process to be organic rather than rigid.The
Project Proposal DocumentEach team will select a format for the Project Proposal that best
accommodates its needs and those of the advisor. The proposal must however include at a
minimum the following elements:• A cover page (see enclosure 1)• An abstract (see
enclosure 2)• A clear statement of the clinical problem to be aIDressed• A clear
explanation of the significance of the problem, supported by data• A thorough description
of current solutions to the problem, supported by data• Description of the proposed
product or process solution, explaining the nature and significance of features of the
proposed product or process that make it superior to existing approaches• Identification
of significant factors associated with design, manufacture, and use of the proposed product
or process that must be aIDressed during the course of the project• Identification of

3. resources required to complete the design and development of prototypes or models and
confirmation of their availability through the department or faculty advisor• Specification
of the project deliverables, i.e., what will you deliver at the completion of the
project? Examples of deliverables include a detailed design, a working prototype, a non-
working prototype, a simulation, a demonstration, and/or a journal manuscript• A
preliminary work plan describing the process by which you will develop the deliverables
and complete the project. The specific responsibility of each team member must be
describe in the work plan.• Description of the approach you will use to aIDress the other
elements of a complete design project including manufacturability, safety, sustainability,
ethical issues, and pathways to commercialization. Refer to the EGRB 401/402 Course
Specifications document you were provided at the beginning of the semester in completing
this section.• A project timeline (see enclosure 3)MechanicsThe proposal must be
typewritten with 1.5 line spacing. The length and format of the proposal is not
prescribed. The proposal must aIDress at a minimum each of the elements provided in
these instructions. The use of figures and tables is left to your discretion. If used, each
figure or table must have a caption and a citation to the source. Any reference to the work
of others in the body of the report must be noted where the reference occurs with
appropriate citation of the source in an included bibliography.You will submit your final
Project Proposal in two formats: (1) an electronic version submitted to the EGRB 401
Blackboard site; and (2) a paper version submitted to the BME department office. The
submission deadline is the same for both formats.GradingYour Project Proposal will be
graded in two ways. The EGRB401/402 course coordinator will grade the proposal as to
form. This assessment is based on the completeness, organization, and clarity of the report
and conformance with instructions and timeliness of submission. Each member of the team
will be assigned the same grade.The proposal will also be grade by the faculty advisor as to
content. This assessment is based on the technical merit of the proposal. Each member of
the team will be assigned the same grade.The graded Project Proposal will be returned to
you by your faculty advisor for review and guidance.QuestionsIf you have any questions
regarding the development of the Project Proposal, please contact the EGRB401/402
Course Coordinator (Professor Jamison, rjamison@vcu.edu) or your faculty
advisor.Enclosure 1 – Cover PageEGRB 401/402BME Senior Design CapstonePROJECT
PROPOSALDate“ Project Title” Your NamesFaculty Advisor Name(s)Enclosure 2
– AbstractTHE ABSTRACTThe abstract is an important, and sometimes underappreciated,
part of any report. It provides a digest of the project and summary of the most important
findings. The abstract enables the reviewer to understand the connectivity and significance
of details presented in the body of the report.The abstract can be one of the most difficult
elements to write. It requires an economy of words and clarity of expression that challenge
the tendency of many scientists and engineers to believe that facts speak for themselves. In
most cases they simply don’ t.Your abstract conveys a first impression that will set the
reviewers’ expectations, favorably or unfavorably. Because it is brief, every word counts in
the abstract. Every sentence and every paragraph must logically follow from its precedent
and lead logically to its consequent.The audience for your final project presentation is
comprised of BME senior undergraduates and BME faculty. You should prepare you Project

4. Proposal Abstract accordingly. You can assume technical competency for this audience, but
should not assume expertise in the technical area of your project. The quality of your
abstract will be measured in terms of its ability to convey your project clearly and
comprehensibly to this audience.The abstract must be written with great care. It should be
written only after the body of the report has been completed. For the Project Proposal the
abstract must be no more than one page with 1.5 line spacing.Enclosure 3 – Time LineTHE
TIME LINEThe Project Time Line provides to you and to your advisor a temporal
framework for your project. The completion date for the project is already set. You must
now develop the time line that guides you from where you are to that completion date. The
time line is a living tool that you will use when assessing and reporting your monthly
progress toward your project objective(s). It is possible that, in consultation with your
advisor, you will revise it, perhaps more than once. The only revision that cannot be made
is to the date for final delivery of project results.In order for a time line to be useful, it must
be user-friendly. There is no prescribed format for the time line. You should use the one
that is the most useful and meaningful to you. There are project scheduling software
packages that can be used to generate and update time lines. An example is Microsoft
Project. These programs are designed to manage very large, complex projects like building
construction or manufacturing. Because they are versatile and powerful they can be
difficult to master and use effectively for simpler tasks.You are free to select the tool best
suited for your needs. You will be provided at no cost a license to use TeamGantt, a
commercial project management software product. The userid and password
are:Userid: rjamison@vcu.eduPassword: vcubmeIn developing the project time line, be
particularly cognizant of the definition and significance of milestones. Milestones are
agreed upon deliverables or events that represent tangible, significant
accomplishments. They are called milestones because they enable you and your faculty
advisor to make an objective assessment of the progress being made toward meeting
project objectives at intermediate points along the way. Reports and other prescribed
course requirement are not project milestones. It is important to respect the difference
between activities and accomplishments. At the end of the project, it is accomplishments
that are measured.Problem statement:How might we measure stomach contents in a more
efficient and effective way that allows us to determine the GRV without taking it out of the
stomach?Research current solutions of measuring stomach contents w/o taking
out:Examples of Current Solutionshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17202443-
Gastric residual volume (GRV) and gastric contents measurement by
refractometry.http://gut.bmj.com/content/38/6/816.full.pdf-Ultrasonic measurementPV =
nRT???changes in volume lead to:• Expansion of the stomach• Stretch receptors
firingchanges in pressure lead to:• Intraluminal gastrointestinal pressure is increased
by:a) nitrous oxide anaesthesiab) epidural block to T6c) neostigmined) morphinee
adrenaline3• LOOK INTO Influence of an equimolar dose of serotonin and histamine on
gastrointestinal pressure(However these say what will change the pressure, not what will
happen with a pressure change)changes in temperature lead to:changes in pH leads
to:• Diabetes• Ulcers• Blood Acidosis• Acid
Reflux/pneumoniaCoverAbstractClinical Need/ProblemClinical SignificanceCurrent

5. SolutionsProposed solutionbreakdown into distinct deliverablesIdentification of significant
factors for design, manufacture, useResources requiredproject deliverables
(milestones)preliminary work plan (wbs) – responsibility of team membersdescription of
approachTimelineCitationsGraded by completion, organization, clarityContentSteps for
Gastric Lavage
(procedure)http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/060210p8.shtmlWhy GRV isn’ t
a thing.http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780771_3GRV still isn’ t a
thing.http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1557716GRV end of an
era.http://lifeinthefastlane.com/education/ccc/gastric-residual-volume/Basic stats. GRV
has a lot of assumptionshttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-
stomachStomach
Conditionshttp://pen.sagepub.com.proxy.library.vcu.edu/content/31/1/63.full.pdf+htmlGa
stric Residual Volume (GRV) and Gastric Contents Measurementby Refractometry