course material

1. anthro questions 3
1. Microevolution refers to ___________ .a. none of theseb. the creation of a new speciesc. only
changes that occur due to natural selectiond. only changes that occur due to mutationse. any
change in the frequency of alleles in the gene pool of a population2. What is the term for the
specific microhabitat in which a particular population lives and the way that population
obtains resources and responds to predators in that habitat?a. microenvironmentb.
microhabitatc. ecological niched. habitat3. “Selective agents” act on the __________ of
inidividuals within an ecological niche.a. karyotypeb. genotypec. phenotyped.
microhabitat4. Fitness can be defined as a measure of how well a particular individual or
group is adapted to the requirements imposed by the environment.a. trueb. false5. Fitness
varies with environmental circumstances.a. trueb. false6. After World War II, mosquitoes
were controlled in most parts of the world by spraying the insecticide DDT
(Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane). But after years of repeated sprayings, the number of
mosquitoes increased in spite of the continued use of DDT. If the increase in mosquitoes
was due to natural selection, which of the scenarios below is accurate?a. After learning that
DDT was harmful to humans, government officials passed laws that diluted the
concentration of DDT in sprays, which led to a resurgence in mosquito populations.b. each
new generation of mosquitoes grew up within the DDT environment and gradually
developed immunity.c. DDT-resistant mosquitoes survived to breed, as did their offspring,
until more and more of each year’s mosquitoes were resistant.d. mosquitoes exposed to
nonlethal concentrations of DDT learned to avoid DDT-contaminated food.7. A person who
develops the disease sickle-cell anemia is ______________.a. homozygous for the HbS alleleb.
homozygous for the HbA allelec. polygenicd. heterozygous (HbA/HbS).8. Evolutionary
biologists have discovered that in regions with high incidence of malaria, heterozygous
HbA/HbS individuals have an advantage, because they are resistent to malaria. This has led
“balanced polymorphism” between HbS and HbA alleles among demes (local populations) in
regions with high incidence of malaria, despite the fact that homozygous HbS individuals
develop sickle-cell anemia, a debilitating disease.a. trueb. false9. In a case of balanced
polymorphism resulting from heterozygous advantage the greatest fitness is associated
with the genotype ______a. AAb. aac. Aad. AA and Aa10. According to evolutionary scientists,
characteristics that increase the success of a male in an environment in which females
choose their male mates will increase over time through a mechanism known as
_______________.a. sexual selectionb. natural selectionc. kin selectiond. genetic equilibrium11.
According to evolutionary scientists, characteristics that increase the success of a male in an

2. environment where he must compete with other males for female mates will increase over
time through a mechanism known as __________.a. natural selectionb. heterozygous
advantagec. kin selectiond. sexual selection12. Evolutionary biologists define “altruism” as
behavior that _________.a. benefits the reproductive success of both the individual doing the
altruism and the other individual involvedb. decreases the reproductive success of the
individual, but benefits the reproductive success of another individualc. increases the
reproductive success of the individual, but decreases the reproductive success of another
individuald. benefits reproductive success of another individual without having any effect
on the altruistic individual13. Evolutionary biologists claim that an individual who acts to
increase the fitness of a close relative is demonstrating ___________.a. natural selectionb. gene
flowc. sexual selectiond. kin selectione. founder effect14. Macroevolution refers to
______________.a. changes in allele frequencies within a population from one generation to the
nextb. how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of anotherc. the relationship
between humans and large domesticated animalsd. large-scale evolutionary changes such
as speciation15. The basic unit of classification in Linnaeus’s scheme is the species. A
species is defined as _______.a. a group of individuals that can mates and reproduce fertile
offspringb. a deme with heterzygous advantagec. a group that can be distinguished
phenotypically from other groupsd. a group high on the food chain that affects other groups
and the environment through trophic cascades16. Choose the taxonomic group (taxon) that
contains the greatest number of organisms.a. genusb. classc. orderd. speciese. family17.
Modern biological classifications are based on hyptheses concerning ____________.a. artificial
selectionb. evolutionary relationshipsc. archetypesd. fixity of life forms18. Structures that
have evolved from a common ancestry are called __________ .a. homoplasiesb. homologiesc.
ontologliesd. phylogenies19. Similarities in the anatomy of species that are not due to a
recent common ancestor are known as _________ traits.a. homoplastic (analogous)b.
metaphoricc. archetypald. homologous20. Biologists classify the three bones of the forelimb
in vertebrates (including humans, frogs, and birds) as ____________ traits.a. homologousb.
analogousc. homoplasticd. archetypal