Smart Devices in Medical Field
* Epipen
* How to use Eppen
* Side Efffects of Epipen
* Intelligent Pills
* Use and how it works
* Lab on Chip
* Medical Applications
* Functioning
* Challenges
* Examples of Lab on Chip
2. EPIPEN
• An EpiPen is a brand name for an
auto-injectable device that contains
epinephrine, also known as
adrenaline.
• It is used in emergency situations to
treat severe allergic reactions, such
as anaphylaxis.
3. • It is typically prescribed to
individuals who have known severe
allergies and are at risk of
experiencing anaphylactic reactions.
• In case of an allergic reaction, the
person or a caregiver can use the
EpiPen to inject epinephrine into the
thigh muscle. Epinephrine helps to
counteract the symptoms of
anaphylaxis by narrowing blood
vessels and opening airways.
4. How to use an Epipen ?
Remove the EpiPen from its protective case.
Check the medication for clarity and
particles.
Hold the EpiPen firmly with the orange tip
pointing downward.
Remove the safety cap.
Administer the injection by firmly pushing the
orange tip into the middle of the outer thigh.
Hold in place for 3-5 seconds.
Remove the EpiPen.
5. EPIPEN Side Effects ?
BREATHING
PROBLEMS.
FAST, IRREGULAR, OR
POUNDING
HEARTBEATS.
PALE SKIN, SWEATING. WEAKNESS OR
TREMORS.
HEADACHE FEELING RESTLESS,
FEARFUL, NERVOUS,
ANXIOUS, OR EXCITED.
6. INTELLIGENT
PILLS ( Smart Pills )
• Intelligent pills, also known as "smart
pills" or "digital pills," are innovative
medical devices that incorporate
technology to enhance medication
adherence, monitor patient health,
and improve treatment outcomes.
7. • Intelligent pills are designed to monitor
when the patient ingests the
medication.
• Intelligent pills often come with
companion apps that provide patients
with reminders to take their medication.
• Some intelligent pills are designed to
monitor specific health parameters
beyond medication adherence.
8. Medical Applications :
• Medication Adherence: Intelligent pills help ensure that
patients take their medications as prescribed, reducing
the risk of missed doses and improving treatment
efficacy.
• Remote Monitoring: Healthcare providers can remotely
monitor patients' medication adherence and treatment
response, making it easier to adjust treatment plans as
needed.
• Clinical Trials: Intelligent pills are used in clinical
research to monitor drug effectiveness and patient
compliance during trials.
• Chronic Disease Management: These pills are
beneficial for patients with chronic diseases, such as
diabetes, where medication adherence is critical.
9. LAB ON CHIP
• Miniaturization: One of the central
features of lab-on-a-chip technology is
the miniaturization of traditional
laboratory processes. Complex
experiments and analyses are reduced
to fit on a small chip, often just a few
square centimeters in size.
• Microfluidics: Microfluidics is a key
component of lab-on-a-chip technology.
It involves the precise control and
manipulation of very small volumes of
fluids, typically on the microliter or
nanoliter scale. Microfluidic channels
and chambers on the chip allow for the
transport and mixing of liquids, as well
as the handling of biological samples.
10. • A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a
miniaturized platform that
integrates various laboratory
functions and processes onto a
single microchip-sized device. It
is a transformative concept that
has gained significant attention in
the fields of biology, chemistry,
and medical diagnostics. The
lab-on-a-chip concept is also
known as microfluidics,
micrototal analysis systems
(µTAS), and micro-
electromechanical systems
(MEMS).
11. APPLICATIONS
Lab-on-a-chip technology
has applications in
various fields, including:
Medical diagnostics: For
point-of-care testing,
disease detection, and
monitoring.
Environmental
monitoring: To analyze
water quality, detect
contaminants, and study
environmental samples.
Pharmaceutical research:
For drug discovery,
pharmacokinetics
studies, and high-
throughput screening.
Genomics and
proteomics: To perform
DNA sequencing, gene
expression analysis, and
protein profiling.
Chemical analysis: For
rapid and precise
chemical analysis, such
as in chromatography or
spectroscopy.
12. BENEFITS
Reduced sample and reagent
consumption.
Faster analysis and results.
Enhanced sensitivity and specificity.
Portability and potential for field
applications.
Automation and reduced human
error.
Cost savings in terms of materials
and labor.
14. CHALLENGES
• Fabrication complexity: Developing the microfluidic
structures can be technically challenging.
• Materials compatibility: Selecting materials that are
biocompatible and chemically inert is crucial.
• Integration of multiple functions: Coordinating
different processes on a single chip can be intricate.
• Scalability: Some lab-on-a-chip systems are not
easily scalable to high-throughput applications.
15. EXAMPLES OF LAB-ON-A-CHIP
• Devices: Some well-known lab-on-a-chip devices
include microfluidic chips for
• polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
• blood glucose testing
• cell sorting
• Flow Cytometer
* Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening condition that can occur in response to allergens like insect stings, food , medications, or other triggers.
* It constricts the blood vessels, leading to increased blood pressure, and decreased swelling. This allows the muscles around the airways to relax, causing the lungs to open. Epinephrine also prevents the release of more allergic chemicals, which stops the progression of the allergic response.
* The distinguishing feature of intelligent pills is the presence of sensors or electronic components. These sensors can be tiny, ingestible devices that are integrated into the pill or a separate device paired with the medication. The sensors are usually made of materials that are safe for ingestion.
The sensors may record the time the pill is taken and transmit this information to a companion app or a receiver device.
These reminders can help improve adherence, especially for individuals with complex medication regimens.
For example, they might track body temperature, pH levels, or other physiological data.
