useful for students

1. • S.gowtham
• B com pa «A»
• Topic: threads of biodiversity
• Roll number 22bmpa124

2. ThreadS of Biodiversity
The five main threats to biodiversity are habitat loss, pollution,
overexploitation, invasive species, and climate change. Increased
mobility and trade has resulted in the introduction of invasive species
while the other threats are direct results of human population growth
and resource use

3. • Major Threats To Biodiversity?
• Climate change.
• Habitat change.
• Nutrient pollution and loading.
• Invasive alien species.
• Overexploitation.

4. Extinction
• Extinction is the global loss of a species. Five mass extinctions have
occurred in geological history, and extinction rates were particular
high during these events. Earth is currently experiencing a sixth mass
extinction, which is driven by human activities. When mass
extinctions are not occurring, extinction still occurs at a low rate, the
background extinction rate

5. Measures of Biodiversity
• Common means of assessing biodiversity loss involves classifying
species based on extinction risk. The Red List includes nine such
categories. The species at greatest risk of extinction are called
critically endangered, followed by endangered, vulnerable, and near
threatened species

6. Habitat Loss&Overexploitation
• Habitat loss includes habitat destruction, altering the physical
environment such that a species can no longer live there, and habitat
fragmentation, which involves dividing a habitat into discontinuous
patches.
• Overexploitation involves removing organisms at a faster rate than they
can be replenished. Examples include the poaching of elephants,
unsustainable hunting for bush meat, overfishing, and overcollection of
slow-growing plants and fungi.

7. Pollution&& Invasive species
• Pollution is the release of harmful chemicals or other materials into the
environment. Some types of air pollution results in acid deposition and
climate change. Nutrient pollution of water bodies due to fertilizer overuse
results in eutrophication.
• Invasive species are those occurring outside of their historical distribution
that cause ecological and/or economic harm. Invasive species can
overpredate or outcompete native species, sometimes causing their
extinction or extirpation. Examples of invasive species include the Asian
carp, zebra mussels, Bd (which causes a fungal disease in amphibians),
purple loosestrife, and the European starling.

8. Causes of biodiversity
• Biodiversity loss is caused by five primary drivers: habitat loss,
invasive species, overexploitation (extreme hunting and fishing
pressure), pollution, climate change associated with global warming.