The document discusses the Pythagorean theorem, which states that for any right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. It provides examples of how the Pythagorean theorem can be applied to building wheelchair ramps and skateboard ramps. It then gives an activity where students must use the Pythagorean theorem to calculate the length of a ramp with a height of 48 inches and a base of 36 inches.