3. Statistics is the language of data used by businesses and
researchers.
The basic data analysis is a significant skill to extract the
information present in data and utilize the information
for sound decision making.
Therefore, the main purposes of this course is to introduce
basic statistical techniques, which are widely applicable
in business studies, activities and research.
At the end of this course students will be able to use wide
range of Statistical tools in economics, accountancy,
finance, marketing and other social sciences.
Course Objectives
4. The world is becoming more and more data focused.
To properly analyze and use information hidden in data
needs expertise in statistical techniques
Businesses depend on numerical measurements to make
decisions in the face of uncertainty.
Statisticians use quantitative abilities and statistical
knowledge to work on many challenging problems
Without use of statistics it would be very difficult to conduct
any research effectively
Studying statistics is necessary to become an informed
consumer
Motivation
5. Some of the uses are in:
Economics - Estimating the unemployment rate, Price index etc.
Marketing - Analyzing consumer demand for products and service
Communication - Statistical Modeling of Network load, bandwidth,
saturation and information flow
Agriculture - Designing studies for and analyzing data from agricultural
experiments to increase productivity and yield
Medicine - Designing and analyzing studies to determine if new
drugs and medical devices are safe and effective
Artificial Intelligence – Robotics, Goggle car (Tesla Autopilot),
computer vision, Machine Learning, Data Science, Virtual Realities,
Deep Learning, Generative AI (ChatGPT4)
Research – Testing hypothesis, analyzing trends etc.
Etc. etc.
Motivation
7. 1. One week after the day a unit completes, quiz will be
given.
2. Each quiz will be of 20 marks which after totaling will be
scaled to 15.
3. Nobody will be allowed to give quiz without calculator.
Using mobile, instead of calculator is strictly prohibited
Example: The points obtained by a certain student in 6
quizzes and marks included is given below:
Quizzes
Quiz Marks obtained by student ABC
Quiz# 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total N-1 Net
Max. 20 20 20 20 20 20 120 100 15
ABC Marks 12 20 8 15 13.5 5 73.5 68.5 10.3
8. At the end of each chapter, home assignments will be given
It will help in getting expertise in solving statistical problems
and make you ready for exams
Solve them on standard full scale sheets
Follow the instruction given with the assignments
Submit them before quiz of that unit
Grading criteria:
15 marks: serious efforts at your part in home assignments
2.5 marks: impact of quizzes
2.5 marks: Teacher discretion
Assignments
Assignment Marks of ABC
Assignment Quiz Teacher Total
15 2.5 2.5 20
12.5 1.7 2.0 16.2
9. 1. Calculator is must in the class.
2. Please be prepared for announced and unannounced
quizzes.
3. Use of cell phone is strictly prohibited.
4. Pdfs’ of the lecture will be available before Fridays on LMS.
5. After completion of a unit, its PowerPoint slides will be
shared with CR, to make it available to students.
6. For all contacts with your instructor use following e-mail –
Also given at the start & end of each lecture.
General Instructions
Ahmad Jalil Ansari
Contact: obxml.edu@gmail.com
10. Prescribed Book
Richard I. Levin; Davin S. Rubin, “Statistics for Management”, 7th
edition.
Reference Books
David Levine, (2003), “Statistics For Managers” (Using Microsoft
Excel), 4th edition.
Terry Sincich; “Business Statistics by Example”, Prentice Hall,
Upper Saddle River, Hav Jerrsey, 5th Edition, 1996.
Ken Black, “Applied Business Statistics-Making Better Business
Decisions”, 7th Edition.
Walpole Ronald E., (1995), “Introduction to Statistics”, 3rd
edition
Schaum’s Outline Series: 1) Statistics 2) Set theory 3) Probability
Books
11. Unit-00: Basic Concepts & Definition
Unit-01: Presentation of categorical data in Tables &
Graphs
Unit-02: Grouping and Displaying Numerical Data to
convey meaning using Tables and Graphs
Unit-03: Measures of Central Tendency & Dispersion
for ungrouped data
Unit-04: Measures of Central Tendency & Dispersion
for grouped data Distributions
Unit-05: Simple Linear Regression and Correlation
Courses Contents – before mid-term
Richard I. Levin; Davin S. Rubin, “Statistics for Management”,
7th edition
12. Unit-06: Counting Problems
Unit-07: : Probability
Unit-08: Time Series and forecasting
Unit-09: Index Number
Unit-10: (only) Rank Correlation (page# 821-823)
Courses Contents – after mid-term
Richard I. Levin; Davin S. Rubin, “Statistics for Management”,
7th edition
14. Find value of following expression for x = 0
a. 5
b. 16/7
c. 12
d. 16/5
)
1
)(
5
2
(
5
)
1
(
2
)
3
5
( 2
x
x
x
x
Question #1 (2 min)
15. Find which of following pairs satisfies this equation:
3x + 2y = 8
2x – 3y = 1
a. (1, 1)
b. (1, 2)
c. (2, 1)
d. None of above
Question #2 (2 min)
16. Which of the following is the largest number:
2/5, 0.4, 40%
a. 2/5
b. 0.4
c. 40%
d. They are equal
e. They are not comparable
Question #3 (2 min)
17. If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 3, 4} Then find
i. A B
ii. A B
iii. A - B
Question #4 (2 min)
18. If price of an item is Rs.10 in Karachi and Rs. 11 in
Lahore. Then calculate how much in percentage:
i. The price in Lahore is higher than Karachi.
ii. The price in Karachi is lower than Lahore.
Question #5 (2 min)
19. Question #6 (2 min)
Calculate:
i. 5 + 8 x 9 / (12 – 2) = ?
ii. –2 – 2 – 2 – 2 = ?
20. A student calculated that the probability of a
particular disease is 1.9 and probability of another
disease is -0.9. Statistician can not accept this fact.
Why?
Question #7 (2 min)
21. Question #8 (2 min)
Six numbers are given in the table . Tick ✓ in each cell
accordingly:
12621 45468 57915 13257 85656 29006
Odd Number
Even number
Divisible by 3
Divisible by 5
22. L
f m
m
w
F
n
m
.
)
1
(
2
/
)
1
(
Following is the formula for calculating median m for
grouped data. Find the value of m using given data
n = 600
F = 201
fm = 187
w = 50
Lm = 100
Question #9 (4 min)
23. Find the values of unknown variable in following
proportions:
I. x : 5 = 10 : 25
II. $5 : 8kg = x : 0.5kg
III. x : 2 = 8 : x
Question #10 (2 min)
24. Question #11 (2 min)
3
9
?
5
Sides of smaller triangle are given as 3
and 5.
If the base of larger triangle is 9 what is
its height?
25. Find value of following expression for x = 0
a. 5
b. 16/7
c. 12
d. 16/5
)
1
)(
5
2
(
5
)
1
(
2
)
3
5
( 2
x
x
x
x
Answer: (2 min)
}
1
)
0
}{(
5
)
0
(
2
{
5
)
1
0
(
2
}
3
)
0
(
5
{ 2
x
}
1
0
}{
5
0
{
5
)
1
(
2
}
3
{ 2
}
1
0
}{
5
0
{
5
)
1
(
2
}
3
{ 2
5
/
16
}
1
}{
5
{
5
2
9
26. Find which of following pairs satisfies this equation:
3x + 2y = 8
2x – 3y = 1
a. (1, 1)
b. (1, 2)
c. (2, 1)
d. None of above
Answer: (2 min)
3x + 2y = 8 9x + 6y = 24
2x – 3y = 1 4x – 6y = 2
13x = 26
x = 2
3x + 2y = 8 6 + 2y = 8
y = 1
27. Which of the following is the largest number:
2/5, 0.4, 40%
a. 2/5
b. 0.4
c. 40%
d. They are equal
e. They are not comparable
Answer: #3 (2 min)
28. Answer: #4 (2 min)
i. A B = {1, 2, 3, 4}
ii. A B = {2, 3}
iii. A – B = {1}
If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 3, 4} Then find
i. A B
ii. A B
iii. A - B
29. If price of an item is Rs.10 in Karachi and Rs. 11 in
Lahore. Then calculate how much in percentage:
i. The price in Lahore is higher than Karachi.
ii. The price in Karachi is lower than Lahore.
Answer: #5 (2 min)
Answer:
i. 10%
ii. 9.09%
= (11-10)/10
= 0.1
= 10%
= (11-10)/11
= 0.0909
= 9.09%
30. Answer: #6 (2 min)
Answer:
i. 12.2
ii. 1
iii. –8
Calculate:
i. 5 + 8 x 9 / (12 – 2) = ?
ii. 2 - 2 * 2 / (2 + 2) = ?
iii. –2 – 2 – 2 – 2 = ?
i. 5 + 8 x 9 / (12 – 2)
= 5 + 8 x 9 / 10
= 5 + 72 / 10 = 5 + 7.2 = 12.2
ii. 2 - 2 * 2 / (2 + 2) = 2 – 2 * 2 / 4
= 2 – 2 * 0.5 = 2 – 1 = 1
iii. –2 – 2 – 2 – 2 = -8
31. A student calculated that the probability of a
particular disease is 1.9 and probability of another
disease is -0.9. Statistician can not accept this fact.
Why?
Answer: #7 (2 min)
Answer:
Probability must be between 0 and 1
32. Answer: #8 (2 min)
Six numbers are given in the table . Tick ✓ in each cell
accordingly:
Answer:
12621 45468 57915 13257 85656 29006
Odd Number ✓ ✓ ✓
Even number ✓ ✓ ✓
Divisible by 3 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Divisible by 5 ✓
12621 45468 57915 13257 85656 29006
Odd Number
Even number
Divisible by 3
Divisible by 5
33. Following is the formula for calculating median m for
grouped data. Find the value of m using given data
n = 600
F = 201
fm = 187
w = 50
Lm = 100
Answer:
m = 126.34
Answer: #9 (2 min)
L
f m
m
w
F
n
m
.
)
1
(
2
/
)
1
(
100
50
.
187
)
1
201
(
2
/
)
1
600
(
m
100
50
.
187
)
202
5
.
300
(
34
.
126
100
337
.
26
100
)
50
(
5267
.
0
100
50
.
187
5
.
98
34. Find the values of unknown variable in following
proportions:
I. x : 5 = 10 : 25
II. $5 : 8kg = x : 0.5kg
III. x : 2 = 8 : x
Answer: #10 (4 min)
Answer:
I. 25x = 50 x = 2
II. 8x = 2.5 x = 0.3125
III. x2 = 16 x = 4
35. Answer: #11 (2 min)
3
9
?
5
Sides of smaller triangle are given as 3
and 5.
If the base of larger triangle is 9 what is
its height?
Answer: 15
3 : 5 = 9 : x
3x = 45
x = 15
36. Basic concepts of Arithmetic and Algebra
Variable
Ratio Proportion
BODMAS
Plotting graphs
Summation Notation
Set Theory
Required Load: 3 hours / week
Pre-requisite
37. Name: Ahmad Jalil Ansari
Business Head of Enterprise Solution Division
Qualification:
M. Sc. Math (KU)
MBA Finance (IBA)
M. Phil Finance (PAF KIET)
Introduction
38. IT Experience: 34 years
UBL: 6 years
Sonofi Avantis : 13 years
formerly known as Hoechst Pakistan Limited
Computer Research (Pvt.) Limited: 13 years
Others: 2 years
Enterprise Solution Experience: 17 years (SAP,
Business Plus, IBM Cognos etc.)
Introduction
39. Teaching: Business Math & Statistics
Business Quantitative Techniques
Business Process Reengineering
IT for Business
Financial Accounting
at
Bahria University
PAF Kiet
Hamdard University
Introduction
41. COUNTRY Top100
United States of America 59
United Kingdom 5
Canada 5
China 4
Australia 4
Germany 3
Netherlands 2
Italy 2
Switzerland 2
Japan 2
Belgium 2
Spain 1
Taiwan 1
Denmark 1
Norway 1
South Korea 1
Hong Kong 1
Singapore 1
Brazil 1
Finland 1
Country Count
China 21
Hong Kong 6
India 9
Iran 3
Israel 4
Japan 19
Lebanon 1
Macau 1
Saudi Arabia 2
Singapore 2
South Korea 13
Taiwan 11
Thailand 2
Turkey 6
Total 100
Our Education Level World top 100 Universities
Asia top 100 Universities
Note: NUST Islamabad is ranked 91 in Asia two years back
https://www.webometrics.info/en/node/54
42. Facts
Out of 288, no Pakistani University is rated
in top 1000 world universities
In top 100 Asian universities
One University for about
1,000,000 person in Pakistan
6000 person in USA
Admission rate in universities
2% in Pakistan
50% in West
One PhD out of 150 in USA while in Pakistan one out of 15000
Only 54% literacy rate???
43. Please visit
Massive open online course (MOOC)
Coursera.com
Edx.org
Udacity.com
FutureLearn.com
Khan Academy
Presentation Site
Ted.com
