Final Draft Justice for Children Evaluation May 27

Justice for Children!
Final Evaluation Report
ROBIN MAUNEY, MSW
GABRIELLE GRANT, PHD
CONSULTANTS
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May 27, 2016

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BASIC INFORMATION
Project title Justice for Children!
Project period July 2013 through June 2016
Pilot project
location
Prey Veng, SvayRieng, Tboung Khmum and Kampong Cham
Project Aim: The aim of the Justice for Children! project is to ensure that
children in four provinces of southeast Cambodia are able to
exercise their civil and political rights in the Cambodian
justice system and in their communities.
By strengthening systems and increasing the knowledge and
skills of duty bearers at the national, provincial, district and
commune level, the project aims to ensure children are aware
of their rights, receive preventative support when vulnerable
and receive appropriate protection, legal advice and support
when they are in the justice system - whether they are in
contact with the law or are victims of crime/abuse. At the
national level, this project works with the Government,
judiciary, police, local authorities and key national and
international NGOs to advocate for approval and
implementation of Cambodia’s first Juvenile Justice Law.
Project
Outcomes:
Outcome 1: Greater access to information and increased
levels of care and protection mean that fewer at risk boys and
girls come into contact with the law (as accused and victims).
Outcome 2: Increased numbers of boys and girls in contact
with the law (both accused and victims) access appropriate
legal advice and support, resulting in their improved ability to
exercise their right to care and protection.
Outcome 3: Each province has a procedure for reintegration
of children who have been in detention and duty bearers at
provincial, district and commune level are aware and taking
actions according to their responsibilities.
Outcome 4: Governmental, national and local structures
demonstrate increased respect and support for children’s
rights in the Cambodian justice system.
Supported by Big Lottery Fund
Jersey Overseas Aid Commission
EveryChild
Evaluation
Timeframe:
March, 2016 to May 2016

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
BASIC INFORMATION ................................................................................................................... I
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.......................................................................................... IV
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................ V
1.1 KEY FINDINGS ..........................................................................................................................V
1.2 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................................................................... VI
1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT AND CONTEXT..............................................................1
1.3 CONTEXT OF CHILDREN IN CONTACT WITH THE LAW............................................................1
1.4 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT..........................................................................................................2
1.5 TERMINOLOGY .........................................................................................................................3
2 EVALUATION METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................4
2.1 TECHNICAL APPROACH ...........................................................................................................4
2.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS...........................................................................................................4
2.3 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS.....................................................................................................5
Guiding Principles.........................................................................................................................5
Child Participation.........................................................................................................................5
2.4 DATA COLLECTION AND INSTRUMENTS ..................................................................................5
Desk Review..................................................................................................................................5
Sampling Strategy.........................................................................................................................6
Data Collection Toolkit .................................................................................................................8
Analysis and Reporting ................................................................................................................9
2.5 LIMITATIONS TO EVALUATION..................................................................................................9
3 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS.....................................................................................................9
3.1 RELEVANCE..............................................................................................................................9
3.2 EFFECTIVENESS.....................................................................................................................10
Outcome 1: Greater access to information and increased levels of care and protection
mean that fewer at risk boys and girls come into contact with the law (as accused and
victims)..........................................................................................................................................11
Outcome 2: Increased numbers of boys and girls in Contact with the law (both accused
and victims) access appropriate legal advice and support, resulting in their approved
ability to exercise their right to care and protection. ..............................................................18
Outcome 3: Each province has a procedure for reintegration of children who have been
in detention and duty bearers at provincial, district and commune level are aware and
taking actions according to their responsibilities....................................................................23
Outcome 4: Governmental, national and local structures demonstrate increased respect
and support for children’s rights in the Cambodian justice system.....................................25
3.3 IMPACT ...................................................................................................................................28
3.4 SUSTAINABILITY .....................................................................................................................29
3.5 CHALLENGES, LESSONS LEARNED AND CONCLUSIONS......................................................30
3.5.1 Challenges .........................................................................................................................30
3.5.2 Successes..........................................................................................................................31
3.5.3 Lessons-learned................................................................................................................31
3.5.3 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................31
4 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE PROJECTS ...................................32

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ANNEX 1: DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS.......................................................................34
ANNEX 2: INTERVIEW PARTICIPANT LIST ..............................................................................47
ANNEX 3: REFERENCES ............................................................................................................51

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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
CCWC Commune Committee for Women and Children
CIP Commune Investment Plan
DWCCC District Women’s and Children’s Consultative Committee
FGDS Focus Group Discussions
KIIS Key Informant Interviews
LAC Legal Aid of Cambodia
MoJ Ministry of Justice
MoSAVY Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation
OSAVY Office of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation
PoEYS Provincial Department of Education, Youth, and Sports
PoSAVY Provincial Department of Social Affairs, Veterans, and Youth
Rehabilitation
PVAC Prevention of Violence Against Children
RGC Royal Government of Cambodia
UNCRC United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Children in contact with the law in Cambodia are extremely vulnerable and greatly
under protected by the current justice system. Since there is no juvenile justice
system in Cambodia, juveniles in contact with the law are treated the same as adults
with only limited considerations made for child protection and child rights. Building on
the recommendations of the previous project, “Preventing Violence Against Children”
implemented by LAC in partnership with EveryChild and in consideration of the
current context of juvenile justice: the Justice for Children! project was developed by
EveryChild, LAC, and Khemara and was implemented for 3 years (July 2013-June
2016) in four provinces of Southeast Cambodia: Kampong Cham, Tbong Khmum,
Svay Rieng, and Prey Veng. The aim of the project was to ensure that children in
these four provinces were able to exercise their civil and political rights in the
Cambodian justice system and in their communities.
Ultimately, the evaluation team found that the Justice for Children! project was very
successful in ensuring children are aware of their rights, participate in preventive
learning when vulnerable and receive appropriate protection, legal advice, and
support when they are in contact with the justice system. While the Draft Juvenile
Justice Law has not yet passed, this project has had significant impact on its
progression through the system.
The project met its expected outcomes, with the exception of the passing and
ratification of a Juvenile Justice Law in Cambodia. Many of the outputs associated
with the outcomes were exceeded. The areas in which the project was particularly
successful was in ensuring vulnerable children in contact with the law were provided
with legal representation from LAC and support from local duty bearers and
prevention activities and strategies coordinated by Khemara in villages among
children identified as “at-risk” for coming into contact in with the law. Also, the project
resulted in building a greater awareness of child protection and knowledge of child
rights across different levels in each province from court officials, local duty bearers,
children, and villagers. Both LAC and Khemara responded to the needs of the
population identified through baseline study, KAP surveys, and midterm reflections to
better serve children and meet the project outcomes.
1.1 KEY FINDINGS
Outcome 1: The final evaluation revealed that greater access to information and
increased levels of care and protection had resulted in fewer “at-risk” boys and girls
coming into contact with the law. All indicators in this outcome were met or exceeded
except in the reduction of children who were either victims or accused. These
numbers remained the same through the lifetime of the project. As, the prevention
aspect was particularly successful, very few new children came into contact with the
law during the project cycle.
Outcome 2: The study showed there were Increased numbers of boys and girls in
contact with the law (both accused and victims) who were able to access appropriate
legal advice and support. This area was reported to be one of the most successful
aspects of the project. All indicators are on target to be met or were exceeded. The
support from LAC to provide lawyers to children in contact with the law in conjunction

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with Khemara’s work in target villages resulted in the children who came in contact
with law were able to exercise the right to care and protection.
Outcome 3: The evaluation reflected there are clear processes and procedures for
the reintegration of children who have been in detention. All four provinces have a
procedure in place and duty bearers are aware of their responsibilities in this area.
Some of the target numbers in this outcome were not achieved due to smaller
numbers of children entering detention as a result of prevention activities in Outcome
1.
Outcome 4: Governmental, national and local structures demonstrated an increased
respect and support for children’s rights in the Cambodian justice system.
Unfortunately, the Juvenile Justice Law will not be passed during the project cycle
(expected to pass in June 2016), however, this project set a solid foundation for
juvenile justice good practices when the law does pass in Cambodia.
1.2 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS
1. In the future, projects of this type should include psycho-social support as an
integral component of project design. Lawyers should not be expected to provide
this support as it is beyond the scope of their responsibility.
2. Future project designs should consider the consequences of limited target areas
to ensure services are available to all project participants as planned. Services
could when possible focus on the individual child versus the location and follow
the child linking with the Commune Committee for Women and Children or Office
of Social Affairs in their home community regardless of where he or she lives.
The challenge is providing wrap around service in the absence of adequate
Government support and this is likely a long-term goal versus a short term
solution.
3. Encourage projects that promote rehabilitation of children in detention. Focusing
on life skills and vocational training serves as a prevention mechanism and
prepares the adolescent for reintegration.
4. Promotion of income stability should be included in positive parenting skills and
trainings, as well as further development of positive parenting among community
caregivers in general.
5. Legal representation for children is essential in child protection among Children in
Contact with the law. As the Draft Juvenile Justice Law passes and is
implemented, future projects should prioritise adequate support to the Royal
Government of Cambodia to ensure legal representation is provided for all
children who are accused and support for child victims.
6. Projects should target increased participation of children with disabilities in child
clubs and increased participation of boys. In addition, increased participation of
boys could be a strong effort for prevention due to the reports of boys more often
being perpetrators and girls being victims. Although, efforts were made on both
accounts, future projects should include a targeted plan for increased
participation from the beginning.
7. Civil Society Organizations and development partners including LAC should
continue to work with the Royal Government of Cambodia as it builds and
strengthens the overall child protection and juvenile justice systems.

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1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT AND CONTEXT
EveryChild is an international non-governmental organization whose vision is a world
in which “every single child has the right to grow up in a safe and secure family, free
from poverty and exploitation.” Its mission is to work worldwide to give vulnerable
children who are, or risk being, separated from their family or community a safe and
secure environment.
Legal Aid of Cambodia (LAC) is a Cambodian non-governmental organization with a
mission to provide quality legal aid, legal and human rights education outreach and
advocate for the poor in Cambodia, in order to ensure access to justice, promote
respect of law, human rights, and advance legal and judicial reform.
Khemara is a Cambodian non-governmental with a mission to assist communities
and co-operate with relevant organisations and institutions in order to promote the
capacity, self-confidence and well-being of people, particularly women and children
at the community level.
LAC and Khemara have been implementing a 3-year juvenile justice project entitled
“Justice for Children!” in partnership with EveryChild. This project started in July
2013 and runs until June 2016, and is co-funded by the Big Lottery Fund, the Jersey
Overseas Aid Commission and EveryChild.
1.3 CONTEXT OF CHILDREN IN CONTACT WITH THE LAW
Justice for Children! was designed to respond to the challenges faced by children in
contact with the law in south-eastern Cambodia. This region is one of the poorest in
the country, where a lack of economic opportunities is forcing many parents to leave
their children behind as they migrate in search of work. As a result, boys and girls
were growing up in these areas with little or no parental supervision, and risk coming
into contact with the law – either as victims of crime or as accused.
Cambodia does not have a juvenile justice system. It is estimated that over 700
juveniles are in Cambodia prisons with over 30% being held in pre-trial detention
(Reimer, 2015). It is difficult to know with certainty how many minors are victims of
crime in Cambodia as there is no centralised database with that information. A
recent analysis showed that many cases likely go unreported or do not make it to the
formal justice system. For example, the reports of rapes to minors made to human
rights NGOs through the NGO Joint Database far outnumber the number of cases
reported by the Ministry of Interior Anti-Human Trafficking and Juvenile Protection
Department (responsible for compiling statistics on sexual violence) (Reimer, 2015).
While the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) is in the process of ratifying a
Juvenile Justice Act, analysis at the start of the project identified that many children
in contact with the law were not able to access their rights. Children in detention
were commonly sentenced as adults1
without access to legal representation or
consultation during the legal process. A gap was identified as the lack of well-trained
lawyers in rural areas and child-friendly legal advice and courts, leaving children in
contact with the law confused, frightened and unable to voice their concerns.
1
Article 38 of the Royal Government of Cambodia Criminal Code defines the age of criminal responsibility at
age 14 and article 29 defines measures to apply with minors.

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Government established Commune Committees for Women and Children, tasked
with improving the well-being of local women and children, were also identified as
having a lack of capacity to adequately prevent abuse, protect girls and boys and
support children in contact with the law. Coupled with insufficient understanding of
child rights by parents and duty-bearers and the effects of abuse/trauma, children
(both accused and victims), were unnecessarily separated from their families or left
in potentially abusive situations.
1.4 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT
The aim of the Justice for Children! project is to ensure that children in four provinces
of southeast Cambodia (Prey Veng, SvayRieng, Tboung Khmum2
, and Kampong
Cham) are able to exercise their civil and political rights in the Cambodian justice
system and in their communities.
The Justice for Children! project is built on learning from the previous project
Prevention of Violence Against Children (PVAC) implemented by LAC and
EveryChild in Svay Rieng, Prey Veng, and Kampong Cham from 2013-2016. PVAC
aimed to provide assistance to children in contact with the law, their families and the
people in the communities where they live. Key areas identified for further work in
the final project evaluation were: prevention, improved skills of duty bearers, and
improved reintegration support. Additionally, the PVAC identified that it was
important to expand legal support to victims of crime as they also lacked support and
to continue to advocate for the passage of the Juvenile Justice Act. As a result,
Khemara was identified by EveryChild as an additional NGO partner, and the Justice
for Children! Project was designed to further this work in strengthening prevention
and reintegration of children in contact with the law along with representation of both
accused and victims.
The Justice for Children! project aimed to ensure children are aware of their rights,
receive preventative support when vulnerable and receive appropriate protection,
legal advice and support when they are in the justice system - whether they are in
contact with the law or are victims of crime/abuse by strengthening systems and
increasing the knowledge and skills of duty bearers at the national, provincial, district
and commune levels. At the national level, this project worked with the Government,
judiciary, police, local authorities and key national and international NGOs to
advocate for approval and implementation of Cambodia’s first Juvenile Justice Law.
Within a three-year timeframe (2013-2016), the 4 main outcomes which the project
aimed to achieve were:
Outcome 1: Greater access to information and increased levels of care and
protection mean that fewer at risk boys and girls come into contact with the law (as
accused and victims).
Outcome 2: Increased numbers of boys and girls in contact with the law (both
accused and victims) access appropriate legal advice and support, resulting in their
improved ability to exercise their right to care and protection.
2
During project implementation Tboung Khmum was created as a separate province out of Kampong Cham.
The actual target area of the project did not change.

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Outcome 3: Each province has a procedure for reintegration of children who have
been in detention, and duty bearers at provincial, district and commune level are
aware and taking actions according to their responsibilities.
Outcome 4: Governmental, national and local structures demonstrate increased
respect and support for children’s rights in the Cambodian justice system.
The direct beneficiaries of this project are approximately 325 children in contact with
the law, 325 children who are victims of crime and 350 children at risk of coming into
contact with the law.
The secondary stakeholders include:
 Duty bearers at commune level, including: members of the Commune
Councils for Women and Children (CCWC) in 9 communes, community police
officers, teachers, village chiefs and religious leaders;
 Duty bearers at the district level, including members of District Women and
Children Consultative Committees (DWCCC) in 3 districts;
 Duty bearers at the provincial level, including: detention wardens at correction
facilities, police officers, social workers, members of the judiciary and relevant
Government officials. Changes in knowledge, attitudes and practice will
provide long-term benefits for children;
 All children in the community who benefit from participating in Children’s
Clubs and the representation of children on the CCWCs;
 Adults participating in Carer Clubs including village leaders and Carer Club
leaders and members across the 3 target provinces.
The project had two implementing partners: LAC and Khemra. LAC’s role was to
advocate at the national level with key duty bearers to pass the Draft Juvenile
Justice Law. At the subnational level LAC provided legal representation to children in
contact with the law (as victims and accused) and promotes child friendly justice
practices and processes among the courts and relevant duty bearers. LAC also
provided technical support at the district and commune levels on law and principles.
Khemara’s role was to increase the capacity of duty bearers at the commune and
village levels in promoting prevention efforts and provision of appropriate child
protection processes. Working with child clubs and carer clubs, Khemara worked to
increase the understanding and of children and their parents on child rights, and how
to access protections, and prevent children from coming in contact with the law.
1.5 TERMINOLOGY
Child Rights are enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Children
along with the principles that help to explain the rights. Generally, child rights are
described in four categories – child’s right to survival, development, participation and
protection.
Child rights include rights in the areas of Civil Rights and Freedoms; Education,
Leisure and Cultural Activities; Family Environment and Alternative Care; Basic
Health and Welfare; and Special Protections. Child rights principles include the non-
discrimination, best interest of the child, the right to survival and development, and
respect for the views of children.

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Children in Contact with the Law refers to anyone under 18 who comes into
contact with the justice system as a result of being suspected or accused of
committing an offence. Most children in contact with the law have committed petty
crimes or such minor offences as vagrancy, truancy, begging or alcohol use.
Juvenile Justice refers to a legal system which deals with individuals who are under
the age of 18. This system typically focuses more on restorative, therapeutic, and
educational approaches with children in contact with the law versus punitive
sentences often used in other legal systems. Juvenile Justice systems also focus on
child rights and child protection to ensure the needs and dignity of children are
protected regardless if the child is accused or a victim.
2 EVALUATION METHODOLOGY
2.1 TECHNICAL APPROACH
The technical approach for carrying out the evaluation was systematic and
collaborative in nature. The research theory used for the evaluation is summative.
Summative evaluations are focused on results and are conducted near the end of
project implementation to assess effectiveness and impact. This evaluation method
was selected as this is an end of project evaluation and the results of a summative
evaluation can enable decisions regarding continuing, replicating, scaling up or
ending a project, program or policy (Imas & Rist, 2009). A framework was designed
to evaluate the project’s progress against the planned outcomes (results) using
reported program data and then, validated through input from key stakeholders and
direct beneficiaries at various levels.
The data collection methods for this evaluation was primarily qualitative. Quantitative
data was reviewed from secondary sources including programme reports against
activity log frames to assess reported progress. Primary data was collected from key
informants. As a result, the analysis was inductive and looked for emerging patterns,
themes, and categories from all sources of data. This framework allowed themes to
emerge out of data rather than being imposed prior to data collection and analysis.
This methodology for collecting relevant data for analysis included a desk review of
existing resources and evaluative input from key informants. The data collection
methodology was participative calling upon key actors ranging from direct
participants to indirect supporters to provide input. A purposive sampling strategy
was employed to gather input from the national, provincial, district, commune levels
and children. Data collection techniques used were semi-structured interviews, focus
groups, and group activities using child friendly methods when appropriate
interviewing over 500 key informants (See Sampling Approach Below). Child
participation was approached in a non-threatening (friendly) manner to enhance
children’s confidence in giving their opinions.
2.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The research questions were formulated to respond to the final evaluation
objectives.

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1. Is the Justice for Children! Project relevant in relation to the current contextual
situation of juvenile justice in Cambodia (based on the context in Cambodia
during the grant period)? (Relevance)
2. Has the project met its targeted objectives, outputs, and outcomes as defined
by in the Logical framework? (Effectiveness)
i. What has gone well and why?
ii. What has not gone well and why?
3. Have the target groups improved in terms of access to information and
increased levels of care, increased access to legal advice and support,
reintegration, and improved government response (justice system) (impact)?
4. Is there anything that EveryChild, LAC and/or Khemara could have done
differently in order to ensure that the project goals were achieved?
5. To what extent was the learning from LAC’s earlier “Preventing Violence
Against Children” project successfully incorporated into the “Justice for
Children!” project?
6. What lessons can be learnt (positive and negative) to inform future
programming and to ensure project sustainability? What implications do the
findings of this research have for others overseeing similar projects in the
future?
2.3 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Guiding Principles
 Collaborative and participatory at all times
 Respect for the rights of children (including child projection in the research
process)
 Gender sensitive
 Ethical integrity in reporting data collected
Child Participation
As part of this study, children were interviewed through focus groups and semi-
structured interviews. This direct communication with children required a review of
ethical considerations. International standards stipulate the consideration of prime
importance is that the participation is fully informed, permission is gained, and the
data collection does not cause the participant harm. One protection measure to be
carried out in this study was the use of interviewers skilled in interviewing children
and use of age appropriate interview methods based on children’s evolving
capacities (see Child Friendly Activities below). The research team members have
all completed child protection training, but during orientation, a refresher was
provided highlighting informed consent and doing no harm.
2.4 DATA COLLECTION AND INSTRUMENTS
Desk Review
A desk review was completed and included a review of relevant research, internal
programme reports, baseline surveys, evaluations and mid-term reviews. Key
documents reviewed include:
 Project Design Documents

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 Baseline Reports, KAP Survey Reports, Mid-Term Review Reports
 Preventing Violence Against Children Project Final Evaluation
 Six-month Narrative Reports from LAC and Khemara
 Project Partner’s Monitoring and Evaluation Forms
 Project Partner’s Workplans and Activity Reports
 Government Juvenile Justice Policy (or drafts), Priorities and Strategies
 Cambodia Violence Against Children Survey (2014)
 A System Just for Children (HAGAR, 2015)
 Rights, Remedies, Representation (CRIN, 2016)
The consultants matched these various outputs against the four project outcomes
and identified activities connected to these outputs. This preliminary review of project
data helped refine the evaluation methodology, identifying the need to validate the
significant data already collected from monitoring outcomes and indicators. As a
result of the significant quantitative data already collected by the project staff, a
decision was taken to focus on qualitative methods of data collection during the final
evaluation. Taking a qualitative approach during the end of the project evaluation
was seen to compliment the monitoring done but also be more holistic to get a big
picture view of the project.
In addition, a review of secondary documents listed above revealed the national and
local context for the Justice for Children! Project as in need of the project’s
outcomes. This review helped provide a deeper understanding of the relevancy of
this project in this context and is reported on in the findings section.
Sampling Strategy
A purposive sampling strategy was used to identify key informants to illicit needed
information. The project included activities both at the national and sub-national
level. The target provinces were Prey Veng, Svay Rieng, Tboung Khmum3
, and
Kampong Cham. Within these four provinces, the project was implemented in nine
communes.
The sampling strategy included national level key informants, provincial level key
informants, the target district in each province, one commune in each province, and
five villages. In Kampong Cham, only key informants were interviewed at the
provincial level because there are no project activities occurring at other levels in this
province. Study participants were selected based on who is most appropriate to
answer the research questions. The participants were selected based on their
expected knowledge and contribution to answering the research questions. A total of
510 participants were interviewed either in key informant interviews or focus group
discussions. Sample size, key informants, location, and each interview methodology
are outlined below.
3
During project implementation Tboung Khmum was created as a separate province out of Kampong Cham.
The actual target area of the project did not change.

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Provincial Level Total Kampong
Cham
TboungKhmum Prey
Veng
Svay
Rieng
Methodology
Prosecutors/Court
Assistants
5 1 2 1 1 Semi-structured
interview
Judges/Chief of
Court Staff
8 2 2 1 3 Semi-structured
interview
POSAVY 5 1 2 1 female 1 female Semi-structured
interview
Police 4 2 N/A 2 N/A Semi-structured
interview
Prison Officer 3 1 N/A 1 1 Semi-structured
interview
Child Victim 3 1 female N/A 1 female 1 Semi-structured
interview
Child in Detention 9 2 N/A 2 5 Semi-structured
interview
Re-integrated
Child
3 1 N/A 1 1 Semi-structured
interview
District Level Total TboungKhmum Prey Veng SvayRieng Methodology
DWCCC
Members
11 2
(2 female)
4
(3 Female)
5
(1 Female)
Focus Group
Discussion
Commune
Level
Total TboungKhmum Prey Veng SvayRieng Methodology
CCWC
Members
14 4
(1 female)
4
(1 female)
6
(1 female)
Focus Group
Discussion
Village Level Total TboungKhmum Prey Veng SvayRieng Methodology
Village Chief
and/or Deputies
(15 villages)
18 7 (1 female) 6 (1 female) 5 (1 female) Semi-structured
interview
Children’s Club
in Schools
(3 Clubs)
30 11(8 female) 10(7 female) 9 Focus Group
Discussion
Children’s
Clubs
(community)
(15 Clubs)
213 108
(74 females)
54(33
females)
51(30
females)
Focus Group
Discussion
Carer’s Club
(15 Clubs)
170 70
(70 females)
50
(43 females)
50
(50 females)
Focus Group
Discussion
National Total Methodology
Khemara Staff 3 Semi-structured interview
LAC Staff 2 Semi-structured interview
EveryChild Staff 2 Semi-structured interview
Ministry of Justice 1 Semi-structured interview
Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans, and
Youth Rehabilitation
1 Semi-structured interview
Cambodia National Council for Children 4 Semi-structured interview
UNICEF 1 Semi-structured interview

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Data Collection Toolkit
2.4.1.1 In-Depth Interviews with Key Informants
Key informant interviews (KIIs) were used as a methodology to collect data. The key
informant interviews were completed using a semi-structured in-depth interview
format. The semi-structured interview method was selected, as it is flexible, allowing
new questions to be brought up during an interview in response to what the
interviewee says. An interview guide, which includes topics for inquiry, is provided in
the Data Collection Instruments in Annex 1.
Key informant interviews (See Annex 2 for list of individuals interviewed) were
conducted nationally with Cambodian National Council on Children (CNCC), Ministry
of Justice (MOJ), UNICEF, Project Partner Staff, and EveryChild Staff. At the
Provincial Level, interviews were conducted with Provincial Prosecutor, Deputies of
Court, Court Staff, Provincial Department of Social Affairs, Veterans, and Youth
Rehabilitation (PoSAVY), Provincial Police, and Prison Officers.
In addition, child victims, children in detention, and children who were reintegrated
back into the community after detention were interviewed from Kampong Cham,
Prey Veng, and Svay Rieng. Since Tboung Khmum is a new province, there is no
prison there and thus, this group was unavailable to interview. Also, KIIs were
conducted with Village Chiefs from each of the 15 villages visited.
2.4.1.2 Focus Group Discussions
Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were held with DWCCC members, CCWC
members, Child Clubs at school and communities and Carers’ Clubs. This
methodology is best used with groups that are similar in many ways and have a
clearly defined topic. The process is designed to gather the opinions of the group
members. Because a group is asked to respond to the questions rather than
individuals, the conversation tends to be richer as participants tend to “piggy-back’
on each other’s comments.
A focus group discussion guide for each group is included in the Data Collection
Instruments in Annex 1, which includes informed consent (verbal) and key topic
areas based on the evaluation objectives.
2.4.1.3 Child Friendly Activities
Child friendly interviewing tools were used to
guide the group discussions with children.
The group discussions included Children
Clubs, Children Clubs in schools and
villages. The tool used was the H
Assessment. The H Assessment
Methodology was used to assess children’s
ideas on strengths and weaknesses of the
program and any ideas for improvement
(See Annex 1).

Page | 9
Analysis and Reporting
All interview data was written in either English or Khmer and translated into English
for analysis. All KIIS, FGDs and Child Friendly Activities were analysed for key
themes and synthesized according to result area.
2.5 LIMITATIONS TO EVALUATION
The primary limitation of the evaluation was the type of data collected. Data
collection from key informants and the information provided were taken at face value.
This challenge was reduced by interviewed a large number of people at different
levels to triangulate the findings.
This also resulted in challenges with collecting a large sample. There were many
different levels of participants to interview and the sample size was large, resulting in
510 participants, ensuring all information was gained. However, the evaluators
divided into two separate teams, all groups and levels were addressed.
Building rapport among children in any type of interviewing context can be somewhat
of a challenge, especially among children in prisons and child victims. All
interviewers have been trained extensively in child friendly practices and procedures.
Therefore, rapport building was a technique all interviewers have developed and
utilized in the past and in this evaluation.
3 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS
Justice for Children! has been implemented by LAC and Khemara at the national and
subnational levels with the support of EveryChild. At the national level LAC has
advocated with key duty bearers to pass the Draft Juvenile Justice Law and is
recognised as a leader in moving this law forward. At the subnational level LAC
provides legal representation to children in contact with the law (as victims and
accused) and promotes child friendly justice practices and processes among the
courts and relevant duty bearers.
Khemara has worked to increase the capacity of duty bearers at the commune and
village levels in promoting prevention efforts and provision of appropriate child
protection processes. LAC also provided technical support at the district and
commune levels on law and principles. Working with child clubs and carer clubs,
Khemara has worked to increase the understanding of children and their parents on
child rights, and how to access protections, and prevent children from coming in
contact with the law.
These strategies have worked in tandem to set-up a strong foundation for a juvenile
justice system in Cambodia, will support implementation of the Juvenile Justice Law
when it does pass, and promotes prevention efforts.
3.1 RELEVANCE
Justice for Children! is deemed highly relevant to the current context of juvenile
justice in Cambodia, the RGC and good practice efforts in juvenile justice system
development, and Cambodia’s commitments through the United Nations Convention
on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC).

Page | 10
A recent report by Child Rights International Network ranked Cambodia 166 out of
197 in the country’s court effectiveness to protect children (CRIN, 2016). Currently
there is no juvenile justice system in Cambodia, so adult procedures apply to
children and any procedures that do differentiate are not adequately enforced.
Ratification of the Draft Juvenile Justice Law, which has been fifteen years in the
making, is expected in mid-2016.
Children in contact with the law have been identified as a population that requires
special attention and care in the National Standards and Guidelines for the Care,
Support, and Protection of Orphans and Vulnerable Children (MoSAVY, 2011).
Recent research revealed that child friendly courts and legal practices, and better
reintegration for children leaving detention are desperately needed in Cambodia
(Reimer, 2015).
The Concluding Observation of the UNCRC Cambodia Country Report in 2011 also
prioritised to strengthen the capacity and national policy of the Cambodia National
Council for Children (CNCC), the national body responsible for monitoring and
reporting Cambodia’s commitments as a signatory to the Convention on the Rights
of the Child. Additionally, they noted the importance of the passage of a Juvenile
Justice Law in Cambodia.
This project’s aims and outcomes are in line with these national and international
priorities and have promoted development and implementation of legal processes
and good practices in juvenile justice. Working to promote the passage of the Draft
Juvenile Justice Law in cooperation with relevant ministries including the Ministry of
Justice, Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation, Cambodia
National Council for Children has been a priority throughout the project.
Development of child friendly court practices, provision of training, and
representation of children in contact with the law and child victims have promoted
good practices and protected the rights of individual children. Working to improve the
government’s response through improved re-integration systems in cooperation with
PoSAVY and OSAVY, and building capacity of duty bearers at the district and
commune levels have helped to lay the foundation for a juvenile justice system.
Working closely with community members and children to educate and bring
awareness to children “at-risk” of becoming in contact with law also addresses the
needs of this vulnerable population.
3.2 EFFECTIVENESS
To measure effectiveness, each outcome was analysed by reviewing progress
toward outputs and indicators, ultimately measuring the progress toward the overall
aim of the project.
The overall aim of the project was to ensure children are aware of their rights,
receive preventative support when vulnerable and receive appropriate protection,
legal advice and support when they are in the justice system, whether they are in
contact with the law or are victims of crime/abuse, and work at the national level with
relevant NGOs, duty bearers, and stakeholders to help pass Cambodia’s first
Juvenile Justice law.
The project has generally met all its overall aims and can be considered very
successful. As demonstrated through project reports and validated in field visits, the
majority of expected outputs and indicators have been met as described below.

Page | 11
While the Draft Juvenile Justice Law has not passed, EveryChild and its
implementing partner LAC have played a significant role in supporting its
progression, and it is considered at the final stages before being sent to the National
Assembly for ratification. The Draft Juvenile Justice Law is slated for approval just
before project end in June 2016. The success in meeting the overall aim is
demonstrated through the progress toward each output and indicator. Some
challenges were identified and those are described later in this report.
Outcome 1: Greater access to information and increased levels of care and
protection mean that fewer at risk boys and girls come into contact with
the law (as accused and victims)
In Outcome 1 Khemara targeted providing greater access to information and
increased levels of care to children by working closely with the Commune Committee
for Women and Children (CCWC) Focal Point, Children’s Clubs and Carer’s Clubs.
As the responsible authority CCWC was selected as the partner and Khemara
worked alongside the CCWC building their capacity throughout the project to
implement their responsibilities.
Overall the project met its indicators except in the areas of reduction of numbers of
children in contact with the law, either as victims or accused. This could be
explained by the emphasis placed on prevention methods introduced by the project
causing less children to be in contact with the law during the lifetime of the project.
The number stayed the same throughout the project. Following is a summary of
outputs, and progress toward indicators for Outcome 1.
Table 1: Outputs, Indicators and Progress toward Indicators for Outcome 1
Outputs
1.1 Both children at risk of becoming victims of crime and children at risk of offending will be identified by their
peers, Commune Committee for Women and Children (CCWCs) and local police, using participatory appraisal
exercises. Findings from this research will be used to generate project baseline data.
1.2 In order to reduce the likelihood of becoming victims of crime, children will be trained on potential dangers,
how to protect themselves, child-protection issues at home, and how to access help and information about
their basic rights (including their right to care and protection) through the work of Children’s, Youth and Parent
Clubs (in the project called Child Clubs and Carer Clubs)
1.3 Children will receive basic legal training on the definition of a crime and the legal consequences of breaking
the law through CCWCs, Children’s Clubs and schools in order to reduce the chances of them coming into
ContactContact with the law.
1.4 Links between Children’s Clubs and CCWCs will be strengthened through development of clear roles and
responsibilities, joint planning work between children and CCWCs, and collaboration on activity
implementation.
1.5 CCWCs will work with families to improve levels of care and protection for children by addressing issues of
domestic violence, by providing parenting training, establishing parenting clubs, and peer parenting networks
in order to provide ongoing support to reduce the risk of children becoming victims of crime and/or leaving
home.
1.6 Support will be provided CCWCs for the development, implementation and monitoring of prevention
strategies for children at risk of offending, through community and District-level resource mobilising plans.
3 year Indicators Progress Toward Indicators
The number of ‘at risk’ Establishment of child clubs: 45 in community, 12 in schools (EvC 13-14 BIG Annual

Page | 12
boys and girls that
have been identified in
each community and
enrolled in prevention
programmes and child
clubs.
350 Children
2,310 children
identified, exceeded
target
Report).
In cooperation with CCWC, Khemara conducted a social mapping that identified 2,310
children identified “at-risk” and 453/238 female children enrolled in prevention
programs with child clubs. Children participated in the mapping, but Khemara and
CCWC conducted the analysis (EvC 13-14 BIG Annual Report).
145 meetings conducted with child reps, 3079 village children, and 453 “at-risk”
children (EvC 13-14 BIG Annual Report).
224 child club meetings, bi-monthly, 188 out of school meetings were held, 36 child
club meetings held in school, total 2,779 children (1,419 F) participated (EvC BIG 14-
15 Annual Report).
105 child club meetings 2,280 (1,191 F), 3 capacity building workshops for Child Reps
and Club leaders (EvC BIG 2015 6 Mo Report).
Child Club meeting were held with cooperation with CCWC Focal Point (JfC Jan 2015
Report).
In the KAP 2016, it was reported that 572 at risk boys and girls had been identified in
each community and enrolled in prevention programs and child clubs (KAP Survey
Results Year 3).
In the End of Project Evaluation, the researchers visited 15 Child Clubs in the
Community and 3 in Schools. The child clubs were functioning with leaders, holding
regular meetings and had participated in trainings.
The number of ‘at risk’
boys and girls who can
demonstrate
knowledge of how to
report abuse and how
to avoid behaviour that
might lead them to
come into contact with
the law.
300 Children
401 children,
exceeded target)
Baseline Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Survey of 144 children conducted to
demonstrate knowledge of how to report abuse and how to avoid behaviour that might
lead them to come into Contact with the law (EvC Big 13-14 Annual Report).
Khemara conducted 21 training sessions on legal principles with 259 “at-risk” children
(EvC BIG 14-15 Annual Report).
46 sessions of awareness on safe migration, DV and Anti-human trafficking have 1907
participants (1155Female). 12 sessions awareness rising on Importance of Education,
Drug, Gangster and traffic law to school have 2708 students (1373 girl) from primary
and secondary schools (JfC 2015 Annual Project Report).
Increase in knowledge of “who to report to” between Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3 (KAP
Survey Results Year 3). There was a significant increase in understanding of reporting
to local authorities. Only 3% selected did not know who to report to at end of project.
So the project exceeded this target by at least 89 children of the 401 children enrolled
in child club activities.
Increase in knowledge of “how to avoid behaviour that might lead them to come in
Contact with the law”. Year 1 was 56% compared Year 2 86% and Year 3 91% (KAP
Survey Results Year 2).
365 Children were able to demonstrate knowledge on how to report abuse and how to
avoid behaviour that might lead them into contact with the law (JfC Report End of Year
2).
401 “at-risk” children enrolled in Children’s Club (KAP Survey Year 3)
In this End of Project Evaluation Children in Children’s Clubs in schools and in the
communities could easily identify how to report abuse and how to avoid behaviour that
could lead them to come in contact with the law in group discussions.
The number of boys
and girls reporting
improved levels of
care and protection
from
parents/guardians.
250 children who have
been identified as at
135 Carer Club meetings were held with 2,362 (1,916 F) adults in target communities
(EvC BIG 14-15 Annual Report).
Cooperated with female CCWC focal point and village leaders to provide technical
support Career club leaders, 180 meeting with 1592 adults (1328 female) including 9
CCWC (8 female) on human trafficking, domestic violence and Safe migration. (JfC
2015 Annual Project Report).
Home and social counselling including provided school material and food to 30 at risk
children (13 girls). (Khemara Nov 2015 JfCMoR).
143 “at-risk” children received social support grants from CCWCs (EvC BIG 14-15

Page | 13
risk.
360 children, see
KAP Year 3 Results,
exceeded Target)
Annual Report).
55 Social Support grants given (EvC BIG 2015 6 Mo Report).
KAP survey in Year 2 and Year 3 showed that improvements in the 5 of the 7 indicators
identified to show improved levels of care. A decrease was seen in boiled water, and
children living with parental care. (KAP Survey Results Year 2 and Year 3).
In this End of Project Evaluation children in FGD, and carers reported improved levels
of care for children including improved behaviour toward children (less violence) and
increased school attendance.
The number of boys
and girls coming into
Contact with the law
(as accused) are able
to stay within their
original community
following their release
from detention
Year 2: 50% of
children released from
detention
Year 3: All children
released from
detention
9 of the children who
came in contact of
the law were
released, exceeded
target
Baseline identified 2 boys in the target area, monitoring during year 2 revealed 1 boy in
Contact with the law (EvC 13-14 BIG Annual Report).
During Year 2, none of the boys or girls in target communities in three provinces came
into Contact with the law (as accused), which represents a 100% reduction when
compared to the baseline figure (75% more than target). (Project Indicator Sheet 14-15
for BIG Narrative Report).
At the end of Year 2 7 of the 8 of the children in contact with the law (in the life of the
project) were released and reported being happy to return back to their original
communities (KAP Survey Results Year 2 and Year 3).
At the end of Year 3 a total of 9 children were released from detention. 8 of the 9
reported being happy to return to their original districts. (KAP Survey Results Year 2
and Year 3).
The number of boys
and girls coming into
Contact with the law
(as victims).
Number of children
remained the same,
slightly Under Targe)
During Year 2, 2 girls in target communities came into Contact with the law as victims)
which is the same number reported to have become victims of crime at the start of the
project (25% less than target). (Project Indicator Sheet 14-15 for BIG Narrative Report).
3.2.1.1 Identification of At-
Risk Children
In the first year of the project the
target of 350 at-risk children to be
identified and participating in
prevention programs and child clubs
was exceeded. As reported in the
KAP Survey (Year 2 and 3) a total of
462 children (238 female) were
identified and participated in 45
community based Child Clubs and
12 school based Child Clubs in Year
1 exceeding the target. The children
were identified through a social
mapping process in cooperation with the Focal Point of the CCWC. Children
participated in the social mapping activity, but not in the analysis. In the social

Page | 14
mapping process more than 2,000 children were identified as at-risk. By the end of
the project a total of 572 at risk children were participating in child club activities.
At risk children were enrolled in Child Clubs established in the target communities.
Khemara and the Focal Point of CCWC worked with 45 Child Clubs and Carers
Clubs with 12 Child Clubs in schools. Through these mechanisms trainings were
provided, along with interventions to at-risk families to prevent children in contact
with the law. This included trainings on child rights, child protection issues, and legal
education.
3.2.1.2 Prevention and Legal Awareness with At-Risk
Children
Prevention and legal awareness targeted an increase in the
knowledge of children on how to report abuse, and to avoid
behaviour that result in coming in contact with the law.
The progress in this area was examined through a review of
program reports, and the results of the Year 2 and Year 3
KAP Survey and validated through FGDs with Children’s Club
in the community and schools, FGDs with Carer’s Clubs,
FGDs with CCWCs, and KIIs with Villages Chiefs.
The Year 3 KAP survey identified at-risk children had
increased their ability to know where to report abuse and to avoid behaviour that
would result in coming in contact with the law (See Table 1). By the end of the
project, the Year 3 KAP survey showed that only 3% of children did not know where
to report, resulting in the project exceeding this indicator.
The Child Clubs were a primary vehicle for building capacity of children. Khemara
worked in cooperation with the CCWC Focal Point to provide trainings to Child Clubs
on a variety of topics. Child Clubs were reported by Khemara and project staff to
function with a leadership structure and the use of “cascade
training methods” where club leaders receive training from
Khemara and then these leaders provide training to club
members through a peer-to-peer training process.
Child Club members in FGDs also reported participating in
different levels of government to share about priority issues.
This was reported
to be through
attendance at
CCWC or DWCCC
meetings or
activities. Khemara received permission
early in the project from the Commune
Chiefs for child representatives to attend
CCWC meetings.
In this evaluation, Child Club members
participating in FGDs reported they had
participated in trainings on child rights,
child protection and meeting processes
and structures. Examples of topics the
“We report
problems to the
village chief,
neighbours, and
parents, but we also
discuss together in
the group”
Child in Children’s Club in
Prey Veng
“Khemara provided
education and
knowledge which I
had never had
before through the
trainings”
Child in Children’s Club in
Tboung Khmum
Child in Children’s Club

Page | 15
children reported receiving training on included safe migration, juvenile justice,
domestic violence, effects of using drugs, stealing, child labour, rape, trafficking, how
to protect themselves and where to report violations. Other topics were about
facilitation skills, sharing knowledge with others, meeting processes and child club
structures (See Table 2).
Children in this evaluation through FGDs in Child Clubs were able to identify the four
basic child rights, could provide examples of child protection
issues or behaviours that could result in being in contact with
the law. Child Clubs participants in FGDs reported they knew
how to report child abuse or illegal activities. The majority
stated they would report to their parents, neighbours, and the
Village Chief.
The majority of children also shared when they did raise child
protection issues, they were happy with the responses of
family, community members, and the authorities. Some
provided examples of reporting and helpful responses.
However, some children also did raise inadequate response to reports was a
challenge. This included reports to the police and reports to teachers. In at least one
case, police were reported as dishonest and thought to take bribes. Others reported
challenges from shame in reporting and sometimes issues that were raised do not
always get resolved.
In FGDs, children reported they were happy to join the Child Club to learn about
child protection, child rights issues, children in contact with the law issues, and to
share the information they had learned with others. This was repeatedly mentioned
as a strength. The majority of participants want Khemara to continue with the project
and appreciated Khemara’s work in their community.
Children in FGDs also reported their parents had learned more about child rights and
adults had improved attitudes and improved behaviours toward children. This was
demonstrated through teachers paying more attention to children, not using harsh
language, parents not exploiting child labour, and providing learning materials.
Child participation was raised as both a strength and a challenge. Most Child Clubs
had more girls participating in the groups than boys. Nonetheless, girls and boys
could participate equally was identified as a strength. However, the majority of Child
Clubs did not have children with disabilities participating and identified this as a
challenge. Another challenge is with the definition of children with disabilities. The
RGC does not have clear definitions of children with disabilities, so typically
disabilities were described as blind, deaf, amputee or as having mental problems.
Below is a summary of the activities, strengths, challenges, and recommendations
reported by the Children’s Club (See Table 2).
“Gangsters came to
the village to make
trouble. When I saw
this I went to report
to the Village Chief”
Child in Children’s Club

Page | 16
Table 2: Summary of Discussion with Child Clubs
3.2.1.3 Improved Care and Protection of Children
Carer’s Clubs were organised in each of the villages where a Child Club was
established for caregivers of the at-risk children in Child Clubs. This included
parents, grandparents, or other primary caregivers. Sometimes the Village Chief
reported participating as well. Carer’s Clubs provided a vehicle for Khemara and the
CCWC Focal Point to provide capacity building to parents to
improve the levels of care and protection of children.
The areas for improvement
targeted including living
arrangements of children,
meals per day, attendance
at school, safety of the
house, boiled water,
access to health care, and
child care arrangements.
In the annual KAP survey
each of these items were measured.
In the Year 2 and 3 KAP Survey, progress was
reported against baseline in most of the areas. In 5
of the 7 areas improvements were shown,
demonstrated success. The areas that showed no
Activities of Child Club Strengths/Like Challenges Recommendations
Trainings on Child
Rights
Trainings on Child
Protection
Sharing knowledge
with other children
Training Meeting
processes and
structures
Regular Meetings
Improved Child
Protection System
and Use
Children understand
their rights
Parents learned
about rights
Improved
Participation (boys
and girls equally)
Improved attitudes
and behaviour
toward children
Improved responses
to reports.
Like Khemara’s work
in the community
Unequal Participation
(children with
disabilities, more girls
than boys)
Continued corporal
punishment or violence
in family
Lack of motivation to
join meetings
Continued child
protection issues in the
community (drugs,
theft, rape)
Poor response to
Reports (Teachers or
Police)
Continue and/or Expand
Project
Children should share
about child rights and risks
to others
Further training (more
training and more frequent)
Make trainings accessible
for children with disabilities
Requested
Supplies/Materials
“We need further
trainings from NGOs
to provide education
to us as parents so
we can provide
advice to our
children”
Parent in Carer’s Club

Page | 17
improvements were in use of boiled water and living arrangements. Living
arrangements showed an increase in children living with extended family. This is
reported in the KAP Survey Year 3 to be a result of increased migration of families to
working leaving children behind.
Khemara and the CCWC Focal Point provided a variety of trainings to build the
capacity of carers. In FGDs, carers, reported trainings on child labour, exploitation
and trafficking, child rights, how children can protect themselves, drug abuse,
hygiene, child protection, juvenile justice, safe migration and others.
Khemara also provided $500 per year for each CCWC to provide social support
grants to vulnerable children. In the FGD with Carers’ examples were provided of
families that had received support. Village Chiefs in KIIs also validated the receipt of
these small grants.
Within the FGDs, all Carers Club members reported finding the trainings by Khemara
very useful and effective, in particular the training on child protection and safe
migration. What was unique in these findings was a clear theme among the Carer’s
Club members in FGDs describing a change in behaviour not just among children in
the community but among parents and caregivers. The training not only provided
educational information regarding child protection issues and laws, but also the
carers reported a clearer understanding of how to give better care to their children.
In FGDs, carers reported a variety of significant changes in
their communities as a result of trainings. These included
understanding of child rights, changes in their own behaviour
toward their children such as letting children go to school
more, working children on the farm less, and using less
violence as discipline. In all FGDs with carers, improvements
were reported which included a reduction of gangsters in the
community, reduced child abuse, drop-outs and domestic violence. Parents also
noted children’s attitudes toward school had changed, children now had more
opportunities, and children were more respectful.
The participants in the Carer’s Clubs strongly wanted the Carer’s Clubs to continue
and expand. They appreciated the training and the learnings from them. Some
reported they would like for men to participate in the Carer’s Club as well.
Below is a summary of the most common activities, strengths, challenges, and
recommendations reported by the Carer’s Club (See Table 3).
“There should be
more trainings… We
want to learn more”
Parent in Carer’s Club in
Prey Veng

Page | 18
Table 3: Results of Discussion with Carer's Club
3.2.1.4 Boys and Girls in Khemara’s Target Community in Contact with the Law
(accused or victim)
As reported above Khemara has focused on prevention of children in contact with
the law. At baseline, only very few children were identified as accused or victims.
During the life of the project only a few children were further identified. As a result,
the project will easily meet its indicator. Project staff and other duty bearers
interviewed reported this is a result of the prevention activities of the project.
Outcome 2: Increased numbers of boys and girls in Contact with the law (both
accused and victims) access appropriate legal advice and support,
resulting in their approved ability to exercise their right to care and
protection.
Outcome 2 focused on increased numbers of children (accused and victim) having
access to appropriate legal advice and support. LAC, an NGO legal aid organisation
is EveryChild’s implementing partner in this outcome. LAC’s primary office is located
in Phnom Penh. For the project implementation in the four target provinces, LAC
worked with four lawyers, to provide legal representation and advice and support to
children that are accused of a crime or child victims of crime. The assigned lawyers
of LAC would travel to the province when a case was referred in order to provide
services.
In the first year of the project relationships were established with the Ministry of
Social Affairs Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation (MoSAVY) and Ministry of Justice to
set up a relationship with the provincial courts and PoSAVY in the target areas and
Activities Strengths/Like Biggest Change Since
the Project
Challenges Recommen
dations
Child Protection
Trainings
Child Rights
Trainings
Meeting
Processes and
Structure
Child Rights/
Protection
Advocacy
Increased understanding
of the Child Protection
System and how to use it
Increased understanding
of how to care for children
(hygiene, importance of
education, child
protection, Child Rights)
More/Equal Participation
(of girls and boys in child
clubs, report 3 disable
children participating)
Like activities Khemara
does with children – they
listen to Khemara
Like support to poor
families (12,000 Riel)
Improved Child
Protection System and
Use
Increased
Understanding of
Child Rights
Reduced violence and
illegal activities in the
community
Children’s behaviours
have changed in a
positive way
Participation
inequalities
(More girls
than boys,
not all
children with
disabilities
can
participate)
Lack enough
knowledge
(want project
to continue)
Continue
and/or
Expand
Project
Further
Trainings
Requested
Supplies
and
Materials

Page | 19
the Ministry of Interior. This relationship helped establish processes and
mechanisms to ensure children who come in contact with the law in the target areas
are given legal representation or advice if needed.
The outcome has been met with specified summary of outputs, indicators and
progress towards indicators.
Outputs
2.1 The capacity of target CCWCs to identify and assess individual needs of children in contact with the law
(accused or victims), and to document child rights abuse cases, collect appropriate data, provide follow up
and make referrals will be increased through child protection and para-legal training.
2.2 CCWCs will identify children in Contact with the law and provide information on how to access legal support,
advice and representation throughout the judicial process to children and their families, in order to ensure
that their rights are upheld.
2.3. Parents, teachers, Children’s Clubs, community and religious leaders will receive training on children’s rights,
child protection, key laws and regulations and how children in Contact with the law can access legal advice
and support.
2.4 Children that have been accused of a crime access legal and practical support whilst in juvenile detention
including: legal representation during provincial court hearings, money for calls with parents/relatives,
counselling, education, health care and food supplements.
2.5 Children that have been victims of crime and are in need of protection are referred to local safe houses
(where they exist), accompanied by a parent/guardian, where they can receive care, protection, medical and
psychosocial support.
2.6 Children that have been victims of crime access legal advice and support throughout the judicial process,
including assistance in the collection, compilation and presentation of evidence.
2.7 CCWCs will ensure that parents/guardians of children in juvenile detention are informed about the progress of
their cases, and are able to be present at the provincial court.
Indicators Progress toward Indicators
The number of boys and
girls who are victims of
crime receiving active legal
support.
(325 total by Year 3)
271 by 2.5 year mark,
likely to meet target
Increased presence of legal representation/project lawyers at cases and arrest
(Midterm Reflection).
By year 3, 51 children identified as victims of crime and 125 victims who were not
formally w/in court system received legal representation, 15 cases completed, and
35 awaiting trial. (EvC 13-14 BIG Annual Report) (EvC BIG 14-15 Annual Report).
204/46 CICLs were counselling by LAC’s staff cooperated with CCWCs and project
staff in 3 provinces on legal counselling and social counselling. (JfC Annual 2015
Project Report).
271 Children in total reached to date by 2.5-year mark. Project projects it is likely to
meet its target. (Project Indicator Sheet for Big Narrative Report).
The number of boys and
girls who are accused of
crime receiving active legal
support.
(325 total by Year 3)
292 by 2.5 year mark,
likely to meet target
Presence of legal representation/project lawyers at cases and arrest (Midterm
Reflection).
By year 3, 43 children were accused of crime and 160 children in contact with the
law outside of the court system were provided legal representation (EvC BIG 14-15
Annual Report).
204/46 female CICLs were counselling by LAC’s staff cooperated with CCWCs and
project staff in 3 provinces on legal counselling and social counselling. (JfC Annual
2015 Project Report).
292 Children in total reached to date by 2.5-year mark. Project projects it will meet
the target in the second half of year 3. (Project Indicator Sheet for Big Narrative

Page | 20
Report).
90% of boys and girls
brought to court who
receive judgements
deemed to be ‘appropriate
to crime’ or ‘acquittal’
based on evidence by Year
3.
94% of children received
fair judgements
exceeded Target
Case monitoring standards set by LAC to assess “appropriate” punishment (LAC
BIG 2013 6 MO Report).
94% of the 17 children brought to trial in the project provinces were represented by
LAC in Year 2, received judgements deemed to be ‘appropriate to crime’ or
‘acquittal’ based on the evidence (44% more than target). (Project Indicator Sheet
14-15 for BIG Narrative Report).
3.2.1.5 Capacity Building and Responsibility among CCWCs on Children in
Contact with the Law
As part of the project, Khemara worked closely with the CCWCs to provide training
on their roles and responsibilities related to child protection and prevention activities,
meeting processes, and provided other support. LAC also provided some training to
CCWCs on legal rights of children and the roles and responsibilities of CCWCs.
Among the CCWCs interviewed in FGDs all reported they had gained capacity on
child protection and reporting mechanisms. All participants in FGDs reported
receiving training from Khemara on topics such as communication skills, child
protection processes, and organizational and meeting structures. Some of the
CCWCs reported receiving trainings from LAC on alternative dispute resolution. All
participants in FGDs also knew how to connect children in contact with the law to
LAC if legal representation was needed.
There was a clear connection reported between Khemara in
the villages and CCWCs Focal Points. Both worked closely
together to facilitate the Child and Carer’s Clubs. Members
of the CCWC interviewed reported attending Child Club and
Carer Club meetings.
The most significant success and change reported in FGDs
by CCWCs were attributed to the trainings and support from
Khemara and LAC. As a result of their support, the CCWCs
were able to develop, coordinate, and implement action
plans in regards to child protection, reporting and responding
to cases of violence or abuse, and how to work with children
in contact with the law. CCWC members reported meeting with children in contact
with the law, their families, and in particular child victims.
The clearest indicator of the CCWCs’ full understanding of their responsibilities and
roles in regards to children in contact with the law is all CCWCs reported adding
child protection programs and mechanisms to individual Commune Investment Plans
(CIP). This addition attaches a budget to various interventions so there is
continuous support for child protection.
Further evidence of the CCWC having a clear mechanism of needs assessment of
children in contact with the law was demonstrated through reporting from the
“Before the trainings
and the project, we
just sent kids to the
police station, now we
talk to them, support
them, and help to
solve the problem.”
CWCC member, Svay Rieng

Page | 21
Children’s Club, Carer’s Club, and POSAVY in each province. See above Outcome
1 for detailed reports of training received by these groups. All groups reported the
cooperation and support of CCWC and DWCCC in regards to children in contact with
the law in their local community or province.
3.2.1.6 Legal Representation and Support for Children
Accused of Crimes
LAC provided legal representation to children that were
accused of crimes in the four target provinces. At the
beginning of the project the intent was to provide support to
children already within the formal justice system, but through
project reflections the realisation was that it was important to
work with that had not yet gone to court and provide legal
advice early on in their contact with the law.
The most common types of crime children were accused of
were crimes such as stealing and drug use. With the lack of
a Juvenile Justice Law and System, children are commonly treated with the same as
adult offenders. Prior to the start of the project, children in the target area were not
represented by council and even the existing procedures were not followed. At this
point in the project LAC has not met its target in numbers, but expects to by the end
of the project.
LAC and court officials both reported that commonly children were interviewed
without parents and held longer than permitted before court before the start of the
project. With the advocacy of the project, court officials and LAC reported this was
happening significantly less. However, one challenge mentioned by LAC, local
authorities, and court officials was that police continue to interview children without
guardians present in some cases. Children were also reported to be detained longer
than permitted.
Children were interviewed as part of the project that were in in prison currently and
had been re-integrated back into their community. The children interviewed reported
receiving legal services from LAC through their court processes. LAC also advocated
for them to receive support services while in prison such as health screenings, some
vocational training or educational classes, and food and or hygiene assistance while
in prison. These services and classes were described as extremely beneficial by the
children interviewed.
The vocational trainings and educational classes available varied by province, but all
children interviewed said the advice and service provided by their LAC lawyer was
incredibly helpful. Children reported without the legal support of LAC, they would not
have known what is going on with their case or had representation at all.
In addition to the children, provincial court officials and provincial prosecutors
interviewed in all the target areas name legal representation for children as one of
the greatest success of the project. A common theme echoed among this group was
without the project support and LAC, poor and vulnerable children accused of crimes
would not receive legal representation.
A priority of the project was also to promote sentences appropriate to the crime or
acquittal based on evidence. Through reporting, LAC demonstrates that 94% of
children brought to trial and represented by LAC received a fair sentence or
“Before I came to
prison or met my
lawyer, I didn’t know
anything, now
because of LAC, I
know more than ever
before about my
case.”
Child in Prison, Prey Veng

Page | 22
acquittal. This is significantly over the projection. LAC reported that while this was a
success, it was still on a case-by-case basis and not systemic change. Without
representation and advocacy by LAC, they could not predict that a child would get a
fair sentence or acquittal based on evidence.
While LAC reported this as a significant success, children in prison still lacked
understanding of why their crime received the punishment it did. This is likely based
on their understanding of the court processes.
Provincial Prosecutors and Court officials also identified a challenge that impacted
their work. Children, even with adequate representation and legal support are not
always forthcoming with information so judges, lawyers, and prosecutors can
adequately access the situation. This was seen as a barrier to effective and fair
sentencing.
Another challenge raised was that the lawyers are not called soon enough in all
cases. Sometimes children are held by the police for more than the appropriate time
(24 hours), and no lawyers are called. LAC has worked with the authorities in the
system and this is reported to be reduced once the child gets into the court system,
but not as much with the police. POSAVY representatives interviewed reported
similar changes and challenges. However, police interviewed, reported they did ask
parents to be present for minors. Likely this is an area where practice has improved
but challenges remain. In some provinces, police reported past trainings from LAC in
prior project cycles which helped them to understand appropriate processes with
juveniles.
Overall, however, even with the challenges, accused children are now receiving legal
support, protection, healthcare, and other support services. This is a significant
improvement from the past. Some participants raised concerns that as the project
ends, this legal representation would not be available and children would not have
adequate representation once again. As a result of this concern, LAC is working in
close cooperation with the Cambodia Bar Association for pro-bono representation of
children still in need of legal representation.
3.2.1.7 Child Victim Legal Representation and Support
In the project, legal support was also provided to child victims of crime. Child victims
were provided support through legal advocacy, information, and referral to
supportive services. LAC and Khemara both provided services to children. The
target for this indicator has not been fully met, but is expected to be met by the end
of the project.
Child victims of crime who were interviewed, as part of this evaluation, reported
receiving services from both Khemara and LAC. LAC provided legal representation
and some psycho-social support to children who were victims of crime. LAC
described crime victims in particular needed psycho-social support and often the
attorneys were not equipped to provide this support. To address this challenge, LAC
provided some additional training to its attorneys. Khemara also provided support to
child crime victims and their families. This was in the form of food and travel costs
throughout the legal process.
Other services were also reported by child victims. Some child victims reported going
to a safe house. These interviews were mostly conducted with family members and
what was expressed as most helpful was the assistance of LAC by securing birth
certificate and other legal documents needed to in order for the victim to file a claim.

Page | 23
Birth certificates were also identified as important in the legal process to document
the age of the child. This was relevant in interview procedures and for victims of
rape, for example, to show they were under a certain age as the charge could be
different based on age.
Court officers and prosecutors also saw the support from LAC as very necessary
and reported without LAC involvement most of the cases would not have made it to
court. The support of LAC and Khemara to the child victim and family made it
possible to get the crime reported and then processed as a legal case. Victim
support was also reported by victims and families interviewed as coordinated with
POSAVY and DWCCCs from their local communities.
While LAC identified they tried to provide psycho-social support to child victims, this
was also identified as an area for improvement. LAC identified this as a gap, and the
evaluators observed that this was a gap. As attorneys this added burden on LAC
was a challenge. In future projects, it would be helpful to provide more targeted
psycho-social support to survivors if available. A gap pointed out was there were no
real services of this type in the communities. In general psycho-social support is
limited in Cambodia being most available in urban centres.
Outcome 3: Each province has a procedure for reintegration of children who
have been in detention and duty bearers at provincial, district and
commune level are aware and taking actions according to their
responsibilities.
A priority of the project was also to help children leaving detention to be reintegrated
back into the community successfully. The project targeted development of
procedures with key duty bearers to help children to be successful in their return to
the community and prevent further contact with the law.
The outcome has been achieved overall. While progress against some indicators are
slightly under, generally this is a result of no additional children being released from
detention and from success in prevention of detention. Below is a summary of
outputs and progress towards indicators.
Outputs
3.1. Individual plans will be developed for children in Contact with the law, based on assessments covering their
time in detention (including appeals for their release and education/vocational training), and post-release
(including provision of travel grants so they can return home at the end of their sentence.
3.2. Community-based preparation and re-integration follow-up within target areas will be provided by CCWCs
in coordination with parents, siblings, children, youth and community members in order to promote the
acceptance of children back home. Where it isn’t possible for children to return to their homes safely,
CCWCs will help them find safe, alternative accommodation and care (foster/kinship care).
3.3 CCWCs will monitor and provide ongoing counselling and support for reintegrated children.
Indicator Progress toward Indicators
The number of boys and girls
that report having received
advice about reintegration prior
to release from detention. (163
by project end)
LAC/Khemara trained teachers and prison guards prior to release (Mid-
Term Reflection).
Creating of reintegration checklist with MoSAVY and DoSVY (LAC BIG 2013
6 MO Report).
59 children received advice about reintegration (EvC 14-15 BIG Annual

Page | 24
128 children received
services, target slightly
under (due to numbers of
children
Report)
54 children received nutrition, medical check-up, and life skill class in
detention facilitated by LAC and Khemara. 26 children attended English
classes in Kampong Cham and SvayRieng and 12 children attended literacy
classes in Kampong Cham (EvC 13-14 BIG Annual Report).
73 children received classes (EvC BIG 2015 6 Mo Report).
128 children received rehabilitation and re-integration services for first 2.5
years of project (Project Indicator Sheet 14-15 for BIG Narrative Report).
Unlikely to meet target as less children were in detention during the project
period.
The existence of approved
statutory procedures and
referral systems for
reintegration of children in
detention/in contact with law
into their communities.
Achieved
Updated children in contact with the law reintegration procedures were
implemented by PoSAVY/DoSVY with support by LAC in all three target
provinces (EvC 13-14 BIG Annual Report).
Incorporation of reintegration checklist and checklist score to duty bearers
and community service organisations (EvC 13-14 BIG Annual Report).
In End of Project Evaluation children and their parents reported receiving
reintegration services and being referred to their services.
The number of cases of
children who are about to be
released where correct
procedures for reintegration
are followed at provincial level.
(60 cases at the end of project)
Target met
26 out of 35 cases of children who are about to be released reported that
correct procedures for reintegration were followed at provincial level.
(Project Indicator Sheet 14-15 for BIG Narrative Report).
Project reports expects to meet its target.
In the End of Project Evaluation PoSAVY, and families described
reintegration procedures. These were in-line with the correct procedures.
Number of boys and girls from
target districts who report
feeling able to stay within their
original community following
their release from detention
Estimated number 15
50% by Year 1
100% by Year 2
9 children released,
expected to be under due to
numbers of children
released from detention
8 children in contact with the law were reintegrated in year 2 to their
communities. 7 children reported they would stay and 1 said not. However,
some of the 7 migrated for work. (Project Indicator Sheet 14-15 for BIG
Narrative Report)
Not likely to be met as no children have been released from detention in
Khemara’s target area.
At the end of Year 3 a total of 9 children were released from detention. 8 of
the 9 reported being happy to return to their original districts. (KAP Survey
Results Year 2 and Year 3).
3.2.1.8 Reintegration
Through collaboration between LAC and Khemara and in
cooperation with Provincial Department of Social Affairs
Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation (PoSAVY) a clear process
for reintegration was developed and implemented that made
use of a checklist to guide the return of children back into
their community. Each child being reintegrated had an
individual plan developed using the checklist.
Prior to reintegration, while still in detention, if possible
children were also provided training. This included English
language training, literacy, life skills, and some vocational
skills training. Once reintegrated, LAC and/or Khemara
worked with CCWC in the local community to follow-up with
“Using the checklist
makes
communication about
the reintegration
process go well. We
all know what to do
now.”
POSAVY in Kampong Cham

Page | 25
the progress of the child in the community. In KIIs the training was reported as
important and recommendations were made for increased training as children
leaving detention needed job skills and often migrated looking for work.
The reintegration process using the checklist was reported to be used in the all the
target areas. Reintegration led by OSAVY with follow-up from CCWC was reported
in each province by the OSAVY staff, CCWC Focal Points and LAC and Khemara
staff. During the evaluation process, reports were commonly made in KIIs from
project staff the success of the reintegration follow-up is often dependent on the
commitment, capacity, and time of the particular CCWC. PoSAVY staff were able to
show the checklist and the forms used for the reintegration process.
KIIS with children who had been reintegrated into the community after leaving
detention also demonstrated the use of individual plans for re-integration. All of
these interview participants described visits from PoSAVY during the re-integration
process. Some children reported receiving training or advice from LAC or others
about reintegration.
Interviews with the CCWCs in the target areas reflected an effort of the CCWCs to
monitor reintegrated children. This was acknowledged in all interviews as a duty and
responsibility of the CCWC. Most of the CCWCs interviewed said they did not have
children who had reintegrated in their commune.
However, during interviews with the reintegrated children, the CCWC involvement
was not mentioned. Only PoSAVY was reported to visit. This could be because
CCWC representatives were with PoSAVY and the children are unclear of roles and
titles of individuals visiting. The data collected reflected CCWCs are aware of the
reintegration checklist and processes and are committing to providing counselling to
these children.
While the project is unlikely to meet the targeted number of children to be
reintegrated, simply due to not enough children being released from detention, the
reintegration process is in place and this will be a sustainable part of the project.
Project staff report correct procedures were followed for reintegration in a majority of
cases and the target will likely be met by the end of the year. The end of project
evaluation shows that the procedures were established and being implemented
appropriately.
After reintegration, some children were reported to return to their home community,
but shortly after often migrated for work. This is an ongoing challenge with limited
opportunities in home communities and lack of job skills. A strong recommendation
by implementing partners is for increased skills building prior to and shortly after
reintegration to ensure employability of the youth if appropriate.
Outcome 4: Governmental, national and local structures demonstrate
increased respect and support for children’s rights in the Cambodian
justice system.
In this outcome the priority was to work with the justice sector at each level to
develop good practices in juvenile justice including in prevention and intervention.
Both LAC and Khemara engaged in a variety of activities targeted at this outcome. At
the national level, LAC engaged in advocacy for passage of the Draft Juvenile
Justice Law. At the subnational level LAC worked with the court system (police,
prosecutors, judges) to implement child friendly practices in line with existing law and

Page | 26
promote good practice in line with international good practice. Khemara and LAC
worked closely with the PoSAVY, DWCCC, CCWC and other key duty bearers at the
district and commune level to develop structures and support implementation of
good practice at all levels.
While significant progress has been made, in this area the Draft Juvenile Justice Law
has not passed. However, it is considered to be in the final stages and expected to
be sent to the National Assembly for ratification in mid-2016. The passage of the
Draft Law would have provided a framework for further training on its effective
implementation.
Even without its passage, the outcome has generally been met as the project has set
a foundation and example for how to incorporate child rights and good practice in
juvenile justice in the Cambodian justice system. Below is a summary of outputs and
progress towards indicators.
Outputs
4.1. The Government will be encouraged to approve and implement the Juvenile Justice Act through discussions
and meetings with NGOs and the Government Juvenile Justice Working Group.
4.2. The Government and Provincial authorities will be encouraged to develop prevention tactics for children at
risk of offending, and child-friendly court procedures and practices within a minimum of 2 Provincial courts.
LAC will provide technical capacity-building to DWCCCs and CCWCs for implementing preventative activities
and child-friendly court procedures and Khemara will provide support with follow up and monitoring.
4.3. A children’s rights training plan will be developed, and duty bearers (including police, detention officers,
lawyers, prosecutors, judges) will be trained on children’s rights and how to establish child-friendly courts.
4.4 Follow-up monitoring and support for the implementation of child-friendly courts and policing will be provided.
4.5. CCWCs will be supported to integrate child safety, diversion and protection issues within the Commune
Investment Plans (local development plans for commune councils).
Indicators Progress toward Indicators
Governmental and national
structures demonstrate increased
respect and support for children’s
rights in the Cambodian justice
system.
 Juvenile Justice law is ratified
 National guidelines for
procedures outlined within the
Juvenile Justice law have
been issued by the
Government
 Duty bearers working with
children in contact with the law
demonstrate an awareness of
their legal responsibilities
Not fully met as Juvenile Justice
law not ratified, but expected to
be in June 2016
Three court reform laws were passed in June 2014 (EvC 13-14 BIG Annual
Report).
2 National Dialogues meetings with 56 (34 female) participants with JJL
working group (EvC BIG 2015 6 Mo Report).
Child protection and child friendly trainings and workshops conducted at
the provincial level by LAC (EvC 13-14 BIG Annual Report).
Project staff work collaborated with district police, commune chief and
commune police conducted 9 orientations on Village and Commune safety
specific training on gangster and drug use to noted gangsters group at
commune level. There are 261 participants/18 females (75 adults/ 18
females and 186 youths/ 0 female). (JfC 2015 Annual Project Report).
Local structures demonstrate
increased respect and support for
children’s rights in the Cambodian
justice system.
 Judicial procedures have been
Organization of Juvenile Justice Working Group lead by prosecutor
occurring every two months, 391 participants: 138 in SR, 138 in PV, and
115 in KC (Mid-term Reflection &EvC 13-14 BIG Annual Report).
Child protection and child friendly trainings conducted at the provincial level
by LAC. 188 participants, 33 females (Mid-term Reflection &EvC 13-14 BIG

Page | 27
adapted to make them ‘child-
friendly’
4
in all 3 project
provinces by year 3
 DWCCC and CCWC can
explain and understand their
responsibilities towards
children and in all target
districts and communes. And
are giving advice andsupport
to children in contact with the
law in all target districts and
communes on a regular basis.
Not fully met as Juvenile Justice
law not ratified, but expected to
be in June 2016
Annual Report).
KAP Survey indicates 76% of DWCCC and CCWC respondents
understand and demonstrate ability to give advice and support to children
in contact with the law (EvC BIG 14-15 Annual Report).
The number of boys and girls
reporting that they have received
the support that they are entitled to
through the Cambodian justice
system.
100 children (victims and accused)
in year 1, 200 in year 2 and 250 in
year 3. 550 in total at end of
project (out of a potential 650
children).
Indicator not likely to meet as
increasing numbers of cases are
resolved outside of court.
Implementation by LAC and monitoring of “accused” and “victim” checklist
(LAC BIG 2013 6 MO Report).
87 additional children coming into contact with the Cambodian justice
system (victims and accused) in Year 2 reported they have received the
support that they are entitled to (113 fewer than target). This number
represented 100% of the children who came into contact with the law as
accused and victims in Year 2 (Project Indicator Sheet 14-15 for BIG
Narrative Report).
3.2.1.9 Child Friendly Practices in the Courts and Community
Child friendly practices are being promoted and implemented in some form in the
provincial courts, prisons, and communities in the target area. Court officers, judges,
and prosecutors interviewed all spoke of different trainings
received from LAC and changes in the way in which the work
with children in the court system.
Some examples of these changes described the need for
putting a partition between the child and the accused during
questioning. Also, reported in these interviews, is the
creation of safe, private areas for children both accused and
victims during hearings and questioning. Others described
the importance of following existing procedures, including not
interviewing minors without a guardian and not holding
children longer than the law permitted.
Prison officers and police also reported receiving training.
Some police had received significant training in past projects and reported this was
useful in their work today. They reported receiving trainings on child rights and
effective communication in order to establish better relationships with children
accused, children in prisons and child victims. PoSAVY representatives in KIIs also
“We learned we have
to address the
children in a different
way, we have to
respect their rights
and acknowledge
their fear so we can
get the facts for the
case.”
Judge, Prey Veng

Page | 28
reaffirmed the success of these trainings because they had seen a positive change
in the way prison officers treated children in prisons.
As mentioned before all CCWCs and DWCCCs mentioned they had included
prevention programs and children in contact with the law support activities in the
child protection section of their individual investment plans. This was also verified
during partner staff interviews. Khemara staff were aware CCWCs were discussing
and implementing this activity into investment plans.
In project reports, children report that they have received the support they are
entitled to as accused and victims. In KIIs with child victims and accused all reported
receiving support from LAC and Khemara and from other government authorities.
While children are reporting receiving support they are entitled to, the indicator is
unlikely to be met as based on the number of children whose cases are resolved
outside of court.
3.3 IMPACT
Impact is a measure that assesses changes that can be attributed to an intervention.
Clearly, there have been positive impacts and changes as a result of the Justice for
Children Project!
 A clear impact is that children in the target areas – both accused and victims
of crime – have access to legal representation including legal advice and
support. Children are increasingly experiencing legal processes following
procedures and fair judgements based on the evidence. This is evidenced by
a review of the project reports, KIIs with court officials and LAC. Children
interviewed also reported having legal representation.
 Children have better understanding of their rights, child protection, are able to
report, and cite incidences where they report child protection issues. This is
evidenced by data provided in project reports, and in child friendly activities
with children in Child Clubs. This capacity was increased reportedly through
their training and experiences in Child Clubs.
 Children are receiving improved care from their caregivers. This includes
experiencing less violence, better food and nutrition, increased access to
education, less child labour, and other improvements in care. The KAP
Survey from Year 3 reports over 70% of children receiving improved care in
the 5 of the 7 indicators of levels of care.
 Criminal activity and children in contact with the law was reported to be
reduced significantly in all the target areas, especially in gangster behaviour
and theft.
 Child friendly procedures (following current law) are beginning to be
implemented in all the provincial courts and prisons in the target areas.
 CCWCs and DWCCCs demonstrated improved understanding of their roles
and responsibilities in helping children in contact with the law including
prevention and reintegration.
 CCWCs in the target areas have incorporated child protection activities into
Commune Investment Plans.
 Reintegration procedures have been developed and are being implemented
for children leaving prison.

Final Draft Justice for Children Evaluation May 27

Final Draft Justice for Children Evaluation May 27

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