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Evaluation of Fungal Degradation of HDPE and LDPE by
Statistical Optimization
Each year, trillions of plastic bags are consumed and the spent packaging materials are either disposed
of in landfills or decomposed using light, a process called photo degradation, heat energy, or microbes
or biological additives, a process called biodegradation. According to HDPE granules wholesaler Delhi,
Globally, 140 million tons of synthetic polymers are manufactured, and their efficacy is growing daily.
Entire ecosystems are being damaged as a result of the accumulation of plastics in various forms in
landfills and their inability to decompose due to extrinsic elements of nature. Although the use of
biodegradable plastic materials is increasing, they have not been made popular or accessible to a
significant segment of society.
Materials and Procedures
HDPE and LDPE sheet collection and processing
HDPE and LDPE sheets were gathered from the laboratories of the Department of Biological Sciences
and Earth Science at IISER Kolkata's Mohanpur Campus in West Bengal. The sheets (test samples) were
cut into short strips of 6 * 6 cm and transferred to a new solution comprising 70 ml Tween 80, 10 ml
bleach, and 983 ml distilled water. After stirring for 30 to 60 minutes, the sheets were sterilized as
described by El-Shafei et al.27 with a few changes.
Fungal isolates isolation and enrichment
The soil sample was taken from a plastic dumping area near the IISER Mohanpur campus in Kolkata. The
region was chosen because it has been used to dump plastic for an extended period, increasing the
likelihood of discovering microbes capable of degrading plastics. On potato dextrose agar, fungal
colonies were isolated using the serial dilution method and spread plate technique. Plates were
incubated at room temperature (28 °C) for 3–4 days in the BOD incubator. For further characterization,
different fungal colonies were chosen and subcultured.
Initial examination of possible fungal isolates
Primary screening of possible fungal isolates was conducted in autoclaved Czapek-Dox broth at a pH of
7.03 0.2, supplemented with sterilized HDPE, LDPE, and a combination of HDPE and LDPE sheets, as well
as sucrose (30 gram/liter) as a control. Pure fungal cultures were separated and injected individually and
cultured for 30 days, either at ambient temperature or on a rotary shaker at 120 rpm for shaking. The
following configurations were utilized as negative controls:
 Inoculums fungi + medium (without carbon source).
 Sucrose-free media + plastic (HDPE/LDPE).
 Similarly, the following configurations were utilized for positive controls:
 Sucrose-containing media + inoculums + plastic (HDPE/LDPE).
 Sucrose-containing media + inoculums
Calculation of the dry mycelium weight
After 30 days of incubation, the fungal mycelium was filtered and vacuum dried for 24 hours. Each
flask's mycelium mass was determined using a digital weighing scale, and the fungal isolates with the
largest mycelial mass were identified.
Phylogenetic and morphological analysis of fungal isolates
The extraction of DNA from the colonies, as well as the PCR-DGGE analysis and sequencing, are detailed
in supplemental section 129. The unique sequence was deposited in GenBank. The ITS gene sequences
of the fungal isolates from this investigation and other sequences received from the database were
aligned using the program CLUSTAL W 1.830 for phylogenetic analysis. The neighbor-joining approach
was used to conduct the phylogenetical study. The analysis was carried out using the Bio NJ program.
Tree view 131,32 was used to create the output trees.
Media Optimization Using RSM
Response Surface Methodology was used to improve the growing medium, Czapekdox broth. The
compositions, as well as the growing parameters such as temperature and pH, were tuned, and the
results were assessed using the Design-Expert version 7 program. The data were analyzed using the
quadratic model. This model was the most appropriate for the data since it allowed for the inclusion of
several constants in their model. Supplementary table number 4 has the improved media composition.
Analyses of my degradation of HDPE and LDPE sheets
Each of the five sets of autoclaved flasks (500 ml) included 100 ml of Czapekdox broth supplemented
with sterilized HDPE, LDPE, and sugar. The five infected sets were incubated in a static state at room
temperature 28 °C for 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days, respectively.

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hdpe granules wholesaler delhi

  • 1. Evaluation of Fungal Degradation of HDPE and LDPE by Statistical Optimization Each year, trillions of plastic bags are consumed and the spent packaging materials are either disposed of in landfills or decomposed using light, a process called photo degradation, heat energy, or microbes or biological additives, a process called biodegradation. According to HDPE granules wholesaler Delhi, Globally, 140 million tons of synthetic polymers are manufactured, and their efficacy is growing daily. Entire ecosystems are being damaged as a result of the accumulation of plastics in various forms in landfills and their inability to decompose due to extrinsic elements of nature. Although the use of biodegradable plastic materials is increasing, they have not been made popular or accessible to a significant segment of society. Materials and Procedures HDPE and LDPE sheet collection and processing HDPE and LDPE sheets were gathered from the laboratories of the Department of Biological Sciences and Earth Science at IISER Kolkata's Mohanpur Campus in West Bengal. The sheets (test samples) were cut into short strips of 6 * 6 cm and transferred to a new solution comprising 70 ml Tween 80, 10 ml
  • 2. bleach, and 983 ml distilled water. After stirring for 30 to 60 minutes, the sheets were sterilized as described by El-Shafei et al.27 with a few changes. Fungal isolates isolation and enrichment The soil sample was taken from a plastic dumping area near the IISER Mohanpur campus in Kolkata. The region was chosen because it has been used to dump plastic for an extended period, increasing the likelihood of discovering microbes capable of degrading plastics. On potato dextrose agar, fungal colonies were isolated using the serial dilution method and spread plate technique. Plates were incubated at room temperature (28 °C) for 3–4 days in the BOD incubator. For further characterization, different fungal colonies were chosen and subcultured. Initial examination of possible fungal isolates Primary screening of possible fungal isolates was conducted in autoclaved Czapek-Dox broth at a pH of 7.03 0.2, supplemented with sterilized HDPE, LDPE, and a combination of HDPE and LDPE sheets, as well as sucrose (30 gram/liter) as a control. Pure fungal cultures were separated and injected individually and cultured for 30 days, either at ambient temperature or on a rotary shaker at 120 rpm for shaking. The following configurations were utilized as negative controls:  Inoculums fungi + medium (without carbon source).  Sucrose-free media + plastic (HDPE/LDPE).  Similarly, the following configurations were utilized for positive controls:  Sucrose-containing media + inoculums + plastic (HDPE/LDPE).  Sucrose-containing media + inoculums Calculation of the dry mycelium weight After 30 days of incubation, the fungal mycelium was filtered and vacuum dried for 24 hours. Each flask's mycelium mass was determined using a digital weighing scale, and the fungal isolates with the largest mycelial mass were identified. Phylogenetic and morphological analysis of fungal isolates The extraction of DNA from the colonies, as well as the PCR-DGGE analysis and sequencing, are detailed in supplemental section 129. The unique sequence was deposited in GenBank. The ITS gene sequences of the fungal isolates from this investigation and other sequences received from the database were aligned using the program CLUSTAL W 1.830 for phylogenetic analysis. The neighbor-joining approach was used to conduct the phylogenetical study. The analysis was carried out using the Bio NJ program. Tree view 131,32 was used to create the output trees. Media Optimization Using RSM Response Surface Methodology was used to improve the growing medium, Czapekdox broth. The compositions, as well as the growing parameters such as temperature and pH, were tuned, and the
  • 3. results were assessed using the Design-Expert version 7 program. The data were analyzed using the quadratic model. This model was the most appropriate for the data since it allowed for the inclusion of several constants in their model. Supplementary table number 4 has the improved media composition. Analyses of my degradation of HDPE and LDPE sheets Each of the five sets of autoclaved flasks (500 ml) included 100 ml of Czapekdox broth supplemented with sterilized HDPE, LDPE, and sugar. The five infected sets were incubated in a static state at room temperature 28 °C for 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days, respectively.