Anthraquinone
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Anthraquinone
- 1. Anthraquinone Presentation by Primary Information Services www.primaryinfo.com mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
- 3. Jens Martensson 3 There are several current industrial methods to produce 9,10- Anthraquinone: • The oxidation of anthracene, a reaction that is localized at the central ring. Chromium(VI) is the typical oxidant. • The Friedel-Crafts reaction of benzene and phthalic anhydride in presence of AlCl3 producing o- benzoylbenzoic acid which then undergoes cyclization, forming anthraquinone. This reaction is useful for producing substituted anthraquinones. • The Diels-Alder reaction of naphthoquinone and butadiene followed by oxidative dehydrogenation • The acid-catalyzed dimerization of styrene to give a 1,3-diphenylbutene, which then can be transformed to the anthraquinone. • This process was pioneered by BASF.
- 4. Jens Martensson Sequential extraction and separation using ionic liquids for stilbene glycoside and anthraquinones in Polygonum multiflorum Anthraquinone Extraction 4
- 5. Jens Martensson Water Extraction https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/ 978-3-662-43628-8_13 Innovative Technologies Used at Pilot Plant and Industrial Scales in Water-Extraction Processes 5
- 6. Jens Martensson Ultrasonic extraction and separation of anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum L. Ultrasonic nebulization system. An ultrasonic humidifier (Beijing Branson Ultrasound Co., Ltd., China) working at 1.7 MHz with a maximum output power of 35 W was employed as ultrasonic source.A self- made glass flask (100 mL, I.D. 10 cm) was used as extraction vessel. On this vessel, there were three ports, one of the ports which was on the bottom of the vessel has the same size with the piezocrystal and was sealed by PVC film.The space between the ultrasonic nebulization extraction and piezocrystal was full of coupling water and was 3 mm.The other two ports which were plugged when the system was turned on were employed as reagent port and sample port, respectively. 6
- 9. Jens Martensson 9 The anthraquinone market is segmented on the basis of application into: • Dye manufacturing • Paper manufacturing • Wood pulp manufacturing • Hydrogen peroxide manufacturing • Bird repellents • Gas generators
- 11. Jens Martensson Project Information 11 • Anthraquinone is manufactured from phthalic anhydride and benzene in presence of anhydrous aluminium. • The VAT dyes obtained from anthraquinone derivatives are used for cotton dyeing and hold the advantages of having fastness towards washing, perspiration, sunlight and brightness of shades. • Chemical industry. Anthraquinone is the basic raw material for many of its derivatives which are used in the manufacture of vat dyes. Quinizarin and its derivative leucoquinizarin are used for the manufacture of vat dyes and solvent dyes. • Total project cost: US$ 3 million Machinery/equipment at works (in India) 1.85 million Operational cost/year: US$ 4.5 million Know-how fee: US$ 250,000 Pay-back period: 3.5 years. Inputs Required Raw materials: phthalic anhydride, benzene, anhydrous aluminium chloride, para chloro phenol, boric acid, sulphuric acid, 25 % oleum, ammonia gas, sodium chlorate, sodium hydrosulphite, caustic soda flakes, potassium chloride, soda ash, nitro benzene
- 13. Jens Martensson 13 In 2018,Top exporters of Quinones; anthraquinone are China ($39,644.82K , 4,453,770 Kg), Japan ($4,644.98K , 1,782,660 Kg), Brazil ($871.44K , 359,880 Kg), Hong Kong, China ($308.07K , 4,966 Kg), United States ($264.32K , 89,592 Kg). Trade Flow
- 14. Jens Martensson 14 Database offer: Anthraquinone Technology , Products, Patents, Process, Study, Company Profiles, Consultants, Reports Primary Information Services https://www.primaryinfo.com/scope/anthraquinone.htm