1. Industry training submitted in partial fulfilment
Of the requirements for the
National Diploma: Engineering: Computer systems
Tshwane University of Technology
2014
Name: T.H MAPENGO
Student number: 209253754
Training provider: Technology Station in Electronics (TSE)
Period: 6 January 2014 – 30 June 2014
2. Contents
Summary.......................................................................................................................................................3
Components required..........................................................................................................................................5
Android application..............................................................................................................................................9
Arduino (development Board) and Ethernet Shield, bluetooth Shield)........................................ 10
Virtual Web Server............................................................................................................................................. 11
Electromagnetic lock and Relay.................................................................................................................... 19
Results or Findings ......................................................................................................................................20
4.1.Block Diagram and Operationof a Access Control System........................................................... 20
Operations............................................................................................................................. 20
References ..................................................................................................................................................26
Appendix (Basic mathematics and electronics)..........................................................................................27
Mathematic symbols ............................................................................................................................................ 27
Basic Math.............................................................................................................................................................. 27
Electronics Equations.......................................................................................................................................... 27
Glossary.......................................................................................................................................................28
3. Summary
The purpose of access control system is to improve security by providing a secure
way of accessing premises by using a cell phone / tablet to access premises, this
system makes locking of shops or buildings more secure. Any person can use this
system and since South Africa has a high level of crime the system will make
people to move away from the old and unsafe system of using tags, keys to lock
and unlock
4. Introduction
Now days they are flats that uses phones to gain access on the premises, the users
must have airtime on the phone in order to gain access and the user has to dial a
certain number in order to gain access as a developer I saw an opportunity to
improve the system so it can benefit both poor and rich people. This system will
still be secure and won’t be a disadvantage to the people who don’t always have
airtime on the phones. The access control system will help reduce cost to
companies because it will cut down cost of buying access cards or printing cards
and also might reduce crime level .This is secure because only the owner of the
phone can only have access to the premises since only the legal employees/tenants
will have an android Bluetooth access app install on their phones and the
password/mac address makes this more secure because only people with the
android Bluetooth access app will be granted entrance and that each android
application comes with a unique password/mac address. On this project I made an
assumption that all the employees/tenants have Bluetooth and android operating
systems on their phones and that the phones I always charged.
5. Methodology
These are the steps i took to reach my conclusion……
Components required
1. android Device
2. Arduino Mega(Development Board)
9. Android application
This is an android application that I programmed using java in an eclipse ide
It contains two buttons called door open and door close
It also has a password/mac address embedded in the application
How it functions
As soon as you within the range the app will pop up dialog message asking
permission to pair
Select yes if you want to pair
After you have paired your information ,press the button open door if you want to
enter then your mac address/password will be sent to the server via bluetooth
through the Ethernet shield to the server where it is verified on the database if
correct then the door will open .
If you want to close the door just press door close
10. Arduino (development Board) and Ethernet Shield, bluetooth Shield)
Bluetooth shield
There are two MCUs want to communicate with each other. One connects to
Bluetooth master device while the other one connects to slave device. Their
connection can be built once the pair is made. This Bluetooth connection is
equivalently liked to a serial port line connection including RXD, TXD signals.
And they can use the Bluetooth serial module to communicate with each other.
When MCU has Bluetooth salve module, it can communicate with Bluetooth
adapter of computers and smart phones. Then there is a virtual communicable
serial port line between MCU and computer or smart phone. This shield is plug
keep the output current constant within a certain fixed range.
This components receives a password/mac address serially from the android
mobile device after the user has pressed a button on the android application
installed on the mobile device
Arduino development board
An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8-bit AVR microcontroller with
complementary components to facilitate programming and incorporation into other
circuits. An important aspect of the Arduino is the standard way that connectors
are exposed, allowing the CPU board to be connected to a variety of
interchangeable add-on modules known as shields
.
This components receives data from the Bluetoothshield being the mac
address/password through the receive pin(RX) then stores it in a variable
Ethernet Shield
The Arduino Ethernet Shield allows you to easily connect your Arduino to the
internet. This shield enables your Arduino to send and receive data from anywhere
in the world with an internet connection. You can use it to do fun stuff like control
robots remotely from a website
This components takes data being the mac address/password from the variable and
combines it with the http request and sent to the server
11. Router
Router
It’s a device that forward data packets between computers
This creates an overlay internetwork, as a router is connected to two or more data
lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in one of the lines, the
router reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate
destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs
the packet to the next network on its journey. Routers perform the "traffic directing"
functions on the Internet. A data packet is typically forwarded from one router to
another through the networks that constitute the internetwork until it reaches its
destination node
This device receives the http request and sent it to the server
The router is the bridge between the Ethernet shield and the Server because it also
receives feedback from the server then sent it to the Arduino through the Ethernet
shield
Virtual Web Server
This is the part where I used virtual server to create a database that stores information
The database have three tables called users, username and logbook
Users – this table stores information of employees or tenants and also stores the
password/mac address that is needed in order to gain access or unlock the door.
Username - this table is used to store login information of administrator, administrator is
the person responsible of maintaining the system including adding or deleting users etc.
Logbook –this table is used to store information of the people who gain access to the
premises, information such as date, time, and mac address of the device used and ID.
Xampp is the virtual web server that I used
Xampp is a free and open source cross platform web server solution stack package, consisting of
mainly Apache HTTP Server, MYSQL database and interprets for scripts written in the PHP and
Perl programming languages.
12. See pictures below
This is how the tse_project_mapengo database is structured
Table Username
14. Web Design
In this part I developed a website for my system which will interface with the virtual server
It consist of 5 web pages namely
Login page- requires a username and a password from the administrator before access
can be granted and also help protect the information.
Main page - consist of three main buttons that can take you to the other pages like user’s
information page, registration page and login information page.
Registration page - this where users I registered
User‘s information – this page retrieves information of the table users in the database and
displays it.
Login information page – this page retrieves information of the table logbook in the
database and displays it.
I used Netbeans ide 8.0 to create all the web pages
Languages used are php and html
The website is used to interface with the server and arduino board, also the processing ide that is
used to create a program that send data to the server for storage and the server that stores data on
the database. The RDBMS that am using in my project is MySQL.
19. Electromagnetic lock and Relay
Relay
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to
mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as
solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a
low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and
controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The
first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they
repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another
circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers
to perform logical operations.
This component is controlled by the Arduino board which sends a low(0v) or
high(5v) signal to the relay then the relay either switches the electromagnetic lock
off or on
Electromagnetic lock
An electromagnetic lock, magnetic lock, or maglock is a locking device that
consists of an electromagnet and an armature plate. There are two main types of
electric locking devices.
Locking devices can be either "fail safe" or "fail secure". A fail-secure locking
device remains locked when power is lost. Fail-safe locking devices are unlocked
when de-energized. Direct pull electromagnetic locks are inherently fail-safe.
Typically the electromagnet portion of the lock is attached to the door frame and a
mating armature plate is attached to the door.
The two components are in contact when the door is closed.
When the electromagnet is energized, a current passing through the electromagnet
creates a magnetic flux that causes the armature plate to attract to the
electromagnet, creating a locking action.
Because the mating area of the electromagnet and armature is relatively large, the
force created by the magnetic flux is strong enough to keep the door locked even
under stress.
The Arduino is connected to the relay and the relay is also connected to the
electromagnetic lock
When the Arduino sends a high signal(5v) the relay becomes normally open which
stops current from flowing then the electromagnetic lock will open vice versa
20. Results or Findings
4.1.Block Diagram and Operationof a Access Control System
Figure 1
Operations
The initial starting point of the Access control system would be to switch the power on and once
the power is on the user must make sure the android application installed on their tablet. When
the user is within the range he/she will open the app on their cell phone /tablet and press the
button open door which will send information to the Arduino development board then to the
server for verification and if information is correct then the user will be granted access and data
will be sent to the server via processing for storage
Bluetooth Shield Android Device
Arduino
development bord
(Mega)
Relay Electromagnetic
Lock/door
Ethernet Shield
Server
(Database)Router
22. 4.2 System operation flow chart
NO
YES
Start
User Press open door Button
on the android app
Arduino receive
Password via Bluetooth Shield
Ethernet shield takes the
password sends to the server
Server checks
whether password
exist in the
database?
Server sends reply back to
arduino to open the door via
Ethernet shield
Server sends reply back
to arduino not to open the
door via Ethernet shield
End
25. Conclusion
My project met the required expectations. The android application can be used to open the door
without the use of airtime in the tablet. I made my laptop a server by using a virtual web server
called Xampp and the router communicates with the server by sending http request that it get
from the Ethernet shield since the Ethernet shield is connected to the Arduino.it acts as client.
The router plays an important role because it has dynamic host configuration protocol which
automatically assigns IP address to the Ethernet shield and the laptop which acts as a server.
Additional information on other Activities
Transformer and circuit manufacturing (Rob)
26. Basic and Advanced soldering
Just to name a few activities
References
1. http://www.instructables.com/
2. http://stackoverflow.com/
3. www.element14.com
4. http://myrobotlab.net/tutorial-use-ethernet-shield-with-arduino/
27. Appendix (Basic mathematics and electronics)
Mathematic symbols
* (multiply)
+ (add)
- (subtract)
= (equal)
Basic Math
1 + 1 = 2
Electronics Equations
P = Power.
V = Volts
I = Current
R = Resistance
P=V*I, P=I2
*R
V=I*R
Units of measurements
Watts, measurement of power
Volts, measurement of voltage
Amps, measurement of current
Ohms, measurement of resistance
January
1 Wednesday
2 Thursday
3 Friday
4 Saturday
5 Sunday
6 Monday Registration
7 Tuesday Registration
8 Wednesday Registration
9 Thursday Registration
10 Friday Registration
11 Saturday
28. Glossary
a. Arduino development board - An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8-bit AVR microcontroller
with complementary components to facilitate programming and incorporation into other circuits.
An important aspect of the Arduino is the standard way that connectors are exposed, allowing the
CPU board to be connected to a variety of interchangeable add-on modules known as shields.
b. Ethernet Shield - The Arduino Ethernet Shield allows you to easily connect your Arduino to the
internet. This shield enables your Arduino to send and receive data from anywhere in the world
with an internet connection. This shield is plug on the arduino
c. Bluetooth shield - There are two MCUs want to communicate with each other. One connects to
Bluetooth master device while the other one connects to slave device. Their connection can be
built once the pair is made. This Bluetooth connection is equivalently liked to a serial port line
connection including RXD, TXD signals. And they can use the Bluetooth serial module to
communicate with each other. When MCU has Bluetooth salve module, it can communicate with
Bluetooth adapter of computers and smart phones. Then there is a virtual communicable serial
port line between MCU and computer or smart phone. This shield is plug keep the output current
constant within a certain fixed range.
d. Relay - A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to
mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state
relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with
complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits)
e. Electromagnetic lock - - An electromagnetic lock, magnetic lock, or maglock is a locking device
that consists of an electromagnet and an armature plate
f. Mobile device -A portable, wireless computing device that is small enough to be used while held
in the hand; a hand-held: a large selection of smart phones, PDAs, and other mobile devices.
g. Xampp is a free and open source cross platform web server solution stack package, consisting of
mainly Apache HTTP Server, MYSQL database and interprets for scripts written in the PHP and
Perl programming languages.
h. Router - It’s a device that forward data packets between computers
